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71	Estudo do compósito 3Y-TZP/Sisub(2)Nsub(2)O obtido por sinterização sem pressão SANTOS, CARLOS A.X. 09 October 2014 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP SINTERING COMPOSITE MATERIALS ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS FRACTURE PROPERTIES SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SILICON CARBIDES SILICON NITRIDES TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE TEMPERATURE RANGE 1000-4000 K TETRAGONAL LATTICES TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY VICKERS HARDNESS YTTRIUM OXIDES X-RAY DIFFRACTION ZIRCONIUM OXIDES EXPERIMENTAL DATA
72	Estudo do compósito 3Y-TZP/Sisub(2)Nsub(2)O obtido por sinterização sem pressão SANTOS, CARLOS A.X. 09 October 2014 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Zircônia 3YTZP apresenta propriedades excelentes à temperatura ambiente, mas estas propriedades são afetadas pelo aumento da temperatura pois esta age negativamente sobre o mecanismo de transformação de fase induzida por tensão, que fortalece a tenacidade da matriz. A adição de Si3N4 e SiC em uma matriz de 3YTZP é muito interessante porque conduz à formação de oxinitreto de silício, melhorando as propriedades mecânicas tais como dureza e tenacidade, mas esta adição está limitada por várias dificuldades que se apresentam durante o processamento e sinterização destes materiais. Neste trabalho foi estudada a obtenção, por sinterização sem pressão, do compósito Y-TZP/Si2N2O, partindo-se da adição de 20vol%Si3N4-SiC em uma matriz de zircônia dopada com 3mol% de Y2O3 - 3YTZP, utilizando-se Al2O3 e Y2O3 como aditivos de sinterização. A mistura foi moída e moldada por prensagem isostática a frio. Amostras foram sinterizadas a 1500º, 1600º e 1700ºC por 2h sem pressão e em atmosfera ambiente, utilizando-se um leito de nitreto de silício. Após sinterização, as amostras foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X. Foram medidas a densidade, tenacidade, dureza e resistência mecânica à flexão em temperatura ambiente. A estrutura do material foi observada em microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão, com mapeamento químico, para verificar a homogeneidade e morfologia das fases do compósito. A formação de Si2N2O foi observada no material sinterizado devido à reação entre os pós adicionados. O material obtido apresentou aumento de tenacidade e dureza com o aumento de temperatura de sinterização. As amostras apresentaram boa resistência à oxidação a 1000ºC. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP sintering composite materials electron microprobe analysis fracture properties scanning electron microscopy silicon carbides silicon nitrides temperature dependence temperature range 1000-4000 k tetragonal lattices transmission electron microscopy vickers hardness yttrium oxides x-ray diffraction zirconium oxides experimental data
73	Estudo da influência de impurezas e da qualidade das superfícies em cristais de brometo de tálio para aplicação como um detector de radiação / Methodology optimization of the thallium bromide crystal preparation for application as a radiation detector SANTOS, ROBINSON A. dos 11 November 2016 (has links) Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T13:09:25Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T13:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho, cristais de TlBr foram crescidos e purificados pelo método de Bridgman Repetido, a partir de sais comerciais de TlBr, e caracterizados para serem usados como detectores de radiação à temperatura ambiente. Para avaliar a eficiência de purificação, estudos da diminuição da concentração de impurezas foram feitos após cada crescimento, analisando as impurezas traço por Espectrometria de Massas com Plasma (ICP-MS). Um decréscimo significativo da concentração de impurezas em função do número de purificações foi observado. Os cristais crescidos apresentaram boa qualidade cristalina de acordo com os resultados de análise por Difração de Raios X (DRX), boa qualidade morfológica e estequiometria adequada de acordo com os resultados de análise por MEV(SE) e MEV(EDS). Um modelo matemático definido por equações diferenciais foi desenvolvido para avaliar as concentrações de impurezas no cristal de TlBr e suas segregações em função do número de crescimentos pelo método de Bridgman. Este modelo pode ser usado para calcular o coeficiente de migração das impurezas e mostrou ser útil para prever o número necessário de repetições de crescimento Bridgman para atingir nível de pureza adequado para assegurar a qualidade do cristal como detector de radiação. Os coeficientes se segregação obtidos são parâmetros importantes para análise microestrutural e análise de transporte de cargas nos cristais detectores. Para avaliar os cristais a serem usados como detectores de radiação, medidas de suas resistividades e resposta à incidência de radiação gama das fontes de 241Am (59,5keV) e 133Ba (81 keV) foram realizadas. Essa resposta foi dependente da pureza do cristal. Os detectores apresentaram um avanço significativo na eficiência de coleta de cargas em função da pureza. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP polycrystals crystal growth methods crystal structure plasma impurities phase diagrams phase transformations bridgman method x-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy secondary beams secondary emission electron microprobe analysis electroluminescence radiation detectors semiconductor detectors thallium bromides halogen compounds
74	Ion Microprobe δ<sup>18</sup>O-contraints on Fluid Mobility and Thermal Structure During Early Slip on a Low-angle Normal Fault, Chemehuevi Mountains, SE California Brown, James E., January 2015 (has links) No description available. Geology Oxygen stable isotope Normal fault Detachment shear zone Fluid-rock interaction Mohave Wash fault Chemehuevi Mountains California Thermal structure Ion microprobe Grain-scale Footwall refrigeration Surface-derived fluid circulation
75	Synthèse et caractérisation d’oxydes lamellaires riches en lithium et en manganèse obtenus sous la forme de gradients de concentration pour les batteries Li-ion / Synthesis and characterization of lithium and manganese rich layered oxides obtained as concentration-gradients for Li-ion batteries Pajot, Ségolène 16 December 2016 (has links) Ce travail présente la mise en oeuvre d’un protocole de synthèse de gradients deconcentration dans les oxydes lamellaires riches en Li et en Mn. Le but a été dedévelopper la formation d’oxydes lamellaires riches en Li et Mn au coeur des agrégatssphériques du matériau actif et, en se rapprochant de la surface, d’enrichir lacomposition de l’oxyde lamellaire en Co et en Ni, afin de combiner une forte densitéd’énergie (apportée par le coeur du gradient) et une excellente stabilité thermique etstructurale (apportée par la surface du gradient). La synthèse a été réalisée en deuxétapes, une co-précipitation pour former un carbonate de métaux de transition suivied’une calcination à haute température pour obtenir le matériau actif lithié. L’influencede différents paramètres (pH, débit d’injection, taille du réacteur, composition, …) surla nature du carbonate à gradient de concentration ainsi formé a été étudiée. De lamême façon, le contrôle du ratio Li/M (ici M = Ni, Co, Mn), de la température et de ladurée de calcination s’est révélé important pour parvenir à maintenir le gradient deconcentration dans le matériau lithié. Le ratio Li/M est également déterminant pourcontrôler la nature des matériaux obtenus (lamellaire - spinelle ou lamellaire –lamellaire). Des caractérisations extrêmement pointues, et complexes à mettre enoeuvre, ont été menées afin d’obtenir des informations pertinentes sur la distributiondes phases au sein des agrégats (composition et structure), de la surface au coeur dugradient : différentes techniques de microscopie (EPMA, MEB-EDX et FIB-STEM) ontainsi été largement utilisées. Les matériaux les plus intéressants ont été étudiés enbatteries Lithium-ion avec une électrode de graphite à la négative, les performancesélectrochimiques et la stabilité thermique à l’état chargé de la batterie sont largementdiscutées par rapport à l’état de l’art et notamment au matériau de coeur riche en Li eten Mn. / This work describes in details the implementation of the synthesis protocol for theformation of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides with concentration-gradients. The purposewas to develop the synthesis of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides in the bulk of sphericalaggregates of active material and, moving to the surface, to enrich the layered oxides’composition with Co and Ni, in order to combine a high energy density (provided bythe bulk) and an excellent thermal and structural stability (provided by the surface).The synthesis was performed in two steps, a coprecipitation to form a transition metalcarbonate followed by a calcination at high temperature to obtain the lithiated activematerial. The influence of several parameters (pH, feeding rate, size of the reactor,composition …) on the nature of the carbonates formed with concentration-gradientswas studied. Similarly, the control of the Li/M ratio (with M = Ni, Co, Mn) and of thetemperature and duration of calcination was revealed to be important to maintain theconcentration-gradient in the lithiated materials. The Li/M ratio is also the keyparameter to control the nature of the materials obtained (layered - spinel or layered -layered). Advanced characterizations, complex to be implemented, were performed inorder to obtain in-depth information on the distribution of phases within the aggregates(composition and structure), from the bulk to the surface: complementary microscopytechniques (EPMA, SEM-EDS and FIB-STEM) were widely used. The most interestingmaterials were studied in Lithium-ion batteries with graphite at the negative electrode,their electrochemical performance and the thermal stability in the charged state of thebattery were compared to the state of art, and particularly to the bulk Li and Mn-richlayered oxide. Batteries Lithium-ion Oxyde lamellaire riche en Li et Mn Synthèse par co-précipitation Gradient de concentration Microscopie Electronique à Balayage Microsonde Diffraction des rayons X Lithium-ion batteries Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide Synthesis by coprecipitation Concentration-gradient Scanning Electron Microscopy Microprobe X-ray diffraction 621.312 42
76	Sintering and slagging of mineral matter in South African coals during the coal gasification process Matjie, Ratale Henry 11 November 2008 (has links) Coals, from mines in the Highveld coalfield, as well as gasification ash samples were characterised, in order to understand the mineralogical and chemical properties of the individual components in the gasification feedstocks. X-ray diffraction of low temperature oxygen-plasma ash indicates that the coals contain significant proportions of kaolinite, quartz and a fluxing elements-bearing mineral (dolomite), plus minor concentrations of illite and other fluxing elements-bearing minerals namely calcite, pyrite and siderite. Of the feed coal, the -75+53 mm size fraction has a high pyrite, and to a lesser extent a high calcite and dolomite content. However, the small proportion of iron-bearing phases (from the reaction between kaolinite and pyrite) in samples taken from the gasifier implies that pyrite contributes minimally to sintering or slagging in this case. Calcite is mainly present in the >1.8 g/cm3 density fraction of the feed coal, whereas dolomite is mainly present in the 1.5-1.8 g/cm3 density fraction, as inclusions or fine cleats in the coal matrix. Electron microprobe analyses of coals from the six different South African mines confirmed that some Ca, Mg, Al, Si, Na, K, Ti and Fe are present in the organic matrix in the coal samples tested in this study, but the amounts of these are small compared with the fluxing elements in minerals. XRD and microprobe analyses indicate that the ash clinker samples taken from the gasifiers contain a number of crystalline high temperature phases, including anorthite, mullite, cristobalite, quartz and diopside. FactSage confirmed that anorthite and mullite are equilibrium phases at elevated temperatures in the ash clinkers and heated rock fragments. Limited reaction takes place between the included coal minerals and the extraneous rock fragments. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted Energy dispersive spectrometer X-ray diffraction Electron microprobe Particle morphology Low temperature ashing Pyrolysis Sequential leaching Pyrometallurgy Screening Density separation Coal analysis Coal sintering and slagging Lurgi gasification Coal ash analysis Mineral matter Petrology Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Quantitative evaluation Macerals Factsage modeling Glass analysis Scanning electron microscopy UCTD
77	Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic erosion and sediment dispersal in the Dinaride orogen: a sedimentary provenance approach / Spätmesozoische bis Känozoische Erosion und Sedimentschüttung im Dinarischen Orogen: Ansätze aus der Provenanzanalyse Mikes, Tamás 16 December 2008 (has links) No description available. 550 Geowissenschaften Mathematics and Computer Science Dinariden Alpen Adriatische Platte Metasedimente Granitoid Ophiolith Flysch Sandstein Siliziklastika Jura Kreide Känozoikum Biostratigraphie Kalknannofossilien sedimentäres Liefergebiet Spaltspur-Thermochronologie Geochronology chemische Datierung Mineralchemie Chromspinell Zirkon Monazit Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosonde laser ablation ICP-MS Kernel-density Schätzung Dinarides Alps Adriatic plate metasediments granitoids ophiolite flysch sandstone siliciclastics Jurassic Cretaceous Cenozoic biostratigraphy calcareous nannofossils sedimentary provenance fission-track thermochronology geochronology chemical dating mineral chemistry Cr-spinel zircon monazite electron microprobe laser ablation ICP-MS kernel density estimation 38.03 38.10 38.17 38.28 38.42 VAE 811: Alpidische Orogene {Tektonik} VKB310

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