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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

The Stochastic Dynamics of an Array of Micron Scale Cantilevers in Viscous Fluid

Clark, Matthew Taylor 26 September 2006 (has links)
The stochastic dynamics of an array of closely spaced micron scale cantilevers in a viscous fluid is considered. The stochastic cantilever dynamics are due to the constant buffeting of fluid particles by Brownian motion and the dynamics of adjacent cantilevers are correlated due to long range effects of fluid dynamics. The measurement sensitivity of an experimental setup is limited by the magnitude of inherent stochastic motion. However, the magnitude of this noise can be decreased using correlated measurements allowing for improved force resolution. A correlated scheme is proposed using two atomic force microscope cantilevers for the purpose of analyzing the dynamics of single molecules in real time, a regime that is difficult to observe using current technologies. Using a recently proposed thermodynamic approach the hydrodynamic coupling of an array of cantilevers is quantified for precise experimental conditions through deterministic numerical simulations. Results are presented for an array of two readily available micron-scale cantilevers yielding the possible force sensitivity and time resolution of correlated measurements. This measurement scheme is capable of achieving a force resolution that is more than three fold more sensitive than that of a single cantilever when the two cantilevers are separated by 200 nm, with a time scale on the order of tens of microseconds. / Master of Science
42

Construction and Applications of Two-photon Micro-spectroscopy

Wang, Yi-Ming 03 July 2001 (has links)
In this thesis the effects of single photon and multi-photon excitation on protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana are compared. Time-lapsed micro-spectroscopy at high spatial resolution is employed to study the response of chloroplasts within the protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana. We have found that the fluorescence spectra of chloroplasts exhibits dramatic changes and the protoplasts are rapidly damaged under multi-photon excitation as a result of pulsed laser illumination. In contrast, single photon excitation of chloroplasts with cw laser is relatively inert to the vitality of the protoplasts. In addition to, we have built an ultrafast laser excited cryogenic micro-spectroscopy setup to study the photoluminescence of PPV thin film. We found that the spectrum of PPV¡¦s photoluminescence should shift toward longer wavelength and the non-radiative transition should be suppressed as a result of longer electron coherence length at low temperature.
43

Site-Resolved Imaging with the Fermi Gas Microscope

Huber, Florian Gerhard 06 June 2014 (has links)
The recent development of quantum gas microscopy for bosonic rubidium atoms trapped in optical lattices has made it possible to study local structure and correlations in quantum many-body systems. / Physics
44

Mise en place d’un microscope confocal achromatique / Set up of an achromatic confocal microscope

Mancini, Cédric 19 November 2010 (has links)
L’étude des propriétés luminescentes de nanoparticules permet d’accéder à des informations sur les mécanismes élémentaires liés à cette luminescence. À l’instar de ce qui a été fait pour les semiconducteurs (effets de confinement quantique par exemple), nous souhaitons étudier l’influence de paramètres tels que la taille ou la composition de nanoparticules isolantes sur leur luminescence. Pour cela il fallait créer un outil polyvalent capable d’exciter efficacement ces particules, d’en effectuer des images luminescentes et enfin d’en faire la spectroscopie. Le microscope confocal chromatique élaboré dans le cadre de mon travail de thèse et hébergé au sein de Nanoptec est à même de remplir ces objectifs : longueur d’onde d’excitation accordable allant de l’UV dur (210 nm) à l’IR (près de 1 μm), résolution spatiale de l’ordre du μm (permet l’étude de particules assez espacées), aspect confocal permettant d’isoler spatialement la luminescence de l’objet étudié, système de détection capable d’isoler spectralement cette luminescence... Cet outil a permis des collaborations diverses avec des équipes au sein et hors du laboratoire, comme la cartographie spatiale de la répartition de dopants dans des fibres laser, l’évaluation des inhomogénéités lumineuses au sein de matériaux céramiques, la mesure de dispersion spatiale de nanoparticules dans des plastiques... Le microscope confocal achromatique nous sert également à étudier plus fondamentalement les effets de la puissance d’excitation sur les propriétés luminescentes de nanoparticules de tailles et de compositions diverses. / Studying luminescent properties of nanoparticles leads to informations about elementary mechanisms connected to the luminescence. As it has been done for semiconductors (quantum confinement effect for instance), we want to evaluate the influence of parameters like size or composition of insulating nanoparticles on their luminescence. In this purpose, we had to develop a versatile tool, able to efficiently excite these particles, then perform their image and their spectroscopy. The achromatic confocal microscope built during my phD work and hosted in the Nanoptec center is able to fill these aims : tunable wavelenght from deep UV (210 nm) to IR (about 1 μm), spatial resolution of about 1 μm (enables us to work on sufficiently separated particules), confocal aspect leading to a spatial isolation of the studied object luminescence, detection system able to spectrally select this luminescence... We made various collaborations with teams in and out of the laboratory, such as spatial cartography of dopant distribution in laser fibers, evaluation of optical inhomogeneities amidst ceramics, spatial dispersion measurements of nanoparticles in plastics... The achromatic confocal microscope is also helpful for a better understanding of excitation power effects of luminescent properties of various sizes and compositions nanoparticles.
45

Silicene growth on insulating ultra-thin film of NaCl / Croissance du silicène sur une couche mince isolante du NaCl

Quertite, Khalid 14 November 2018 (has links)
Le silicène est l’équivalent du graphène pour le silicium avec une structure bidimensionnelle (2D). Il est supposé avoir des propriétés électroniques intéressantes comme les fermions de Dirac sans masse et présentant une grande mobilité des électrons. L’existence du silicène a été montrée récemment sur des substrats de métaux nobles comme l’argent ou l’or. Cependant les résultats montrent des interactions fortes entre la couche de silicène et le substrat métallique, ce qui a pour conséquence de détruire les propriétés électroniques intrinsèques du silicène. Dans le but de résoudre ce problème, nous proposons dans ce travail d’explorer d’autres substrats potentiels présentant de faibles interactions avec le silicène. Nous avons étudié la croissance de couches 2D de silicium sur un film mince isolant de NaCl. En effet, les métaux alcalins halogénés tel que NaCl offrent une solution avantageuse comme surface alternative puisqu'ils se comportent comme une couche diélectrique, permettant la caractérisation du silicène. Nous avons étudié les propriétés structurales et électroniques des couches de silicium 2D déposées sur un film mince de NaCl, lui-même déposé sur un substrat d’Ag(110). Une étude expérimentale a été réalisée combinant un grand nombre de techniques utilisées en science des surfaces telles que : « low energy electron diffraction » (LEED), « Auger electron spectroscopy » (AES), « scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy » (STM/STS), «extended x-ray absorption fine structure » (EXAFS), « x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy » (XPS) et « angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) ». L’absorption d’atomes de silicium sur les films de NaCl révèle l’existence d’une couche de silicium 2D superficielle avec une structure très ordonnée en forme de nids d’abeilles. Cette couche présente une interaction faible avec le substrat tout en étant analogue au silicène. Enfin, des expériences préliminaires sur la croissance de silicene sur des films de NaCl dissociés sont présentées. L’effet de l’irradiation électronique du film de NaCl ainsi que des mesures d’ARPES sur le silicène intercalé sur Na sont présentées. / Silicene, the silicon-based analog of graphene which has a two-dimensional (2D) structure. It is expected to have attractive electronic properties such as massless Dirac fermions and high electron mobility. The existence of silicene has been shown recently on noble metal substrates such as Ag and Au. The results present strong interactions between the silicene adlayer and the metallic substrate which destroy the intrinsic electronic properties of silicene. In order to solve this problem, we propose in this work to explore other potential substrates that have weaker interactions with silicene. We studied the growth of a 2D silicon layer on insulating NaCl thin film. Indeed, Alkali metal halides such as NaCl offer a great solution as an alternative surface because they behave as a dielectric layer, allowing characterization of silicene material. We studied the structural and electronic properties of 2D silicon layer grown on a NaCl film deposited over Ag(110) substrate. A combined experimental investigation was performed with a large number of techniques which are used in surface science such as: low energy electron diffraction (LEED), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The adsorption of silicon atoms on NaCl films reveals the existence of a 2D silicon sheet adlayer with a highly ordered honeycomb-like structure. The silicon ad-layer has weak interactions with the substrate and it mimics the structure of silicene. Finally, preliminary experiments on the growth of silicene on dissociated NaCl films are presented. The effect of electron irradiation on the NaCl film and initial ARPES measurement on the silicone intercalated-Na atoms system are presented.
46

Visualisation et traitements interactifs de grilles régulières 3D haute-résolution virtualisées sur GPU. Application aux données biomédicales pour la microscopie virtuelle en environnement HPC. / Interactive visualisation and processing of high-resolution regular 3D grids virtualised on GPU. Application to biomedical data for virtual microscopy in HPC environment.

Courilleau, Nicolas 29 August 2019 (has links)
La visualisation de données est un aspect important de la recherche scientifique dans de nombreux domaines.Elle permet d'aider à comprendre les phénomènes observés voire simulés et d'en extraire des informations à des fins notamment de validations expérimentales ou tout simplement pour de la revue de projet.Nous nous intéressons dans le cadre de cette étude doctorale à la visualisation de données volumiques en imagerie médicale et biomédicale, obtenues grâce à des appareils d'acquisition générant des champs scalaires ou vectoriels représentés sous forme de grilles régulières 3D.La taille croissante des données, due à la précision grandissante des appareils d'acquisition, impose d'adapter les algorithmes de visualisation afin de pouvoir gérer de telles volumétries.De plus, les GPUs utilisés en visualisation de données volumiques, se trouvant être particulièrement adaptés à ces problématiques, disposent d'une quantité de mémoire très limitée comparée aux données à visualiser.La question se pose alors de savoir comment dissocier les unités de calculs, permettant la visualisation, de celles de stockage.Les algorithmes se basant sur le principe dit "out-of-core" sont les solutions permettant de gérer de larges ensembles de données volumiques.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un pipeline complet permettant de visualiser et de traiter, en temps réel sur GPU, des volumes de données dépassant très largement les capacités mémoires des CPU et GPU.L'intérêt de notre pipeline provient de son approche de gestion de données "out-of-core" permettant de virtualiser la mémoire qui se trouve être particulièrement adaptée aux données volumiques.De plus, cette approche repose sur une structure d'adressage virtuel entièrement gérée et maintenue sur GPU.Nous validons notre modèle grâce à plusieurs applications de visualisation et de traitement en temps réel.Tout d'abord, nous proposons un microscope virtuel interactif permettant la visualisation 3D auto-stéréoscopique de piles d'images haute résolution.Puis nous validons l'adaptabilité de notre structure à tous types de données grâce à un microscope virtuel multimodale.Enfin, nous démontrons les capacités multi-rôles de notre structure grâce à une application de visualisation et de traitement concourant en temps réel. / Data visualisation is an essential aspect of scientific research in many fields.It helps to understand observed or even simulated phenomena and to extract information from them for purposes such as experimental validations or solely for project review.The focus given in this thesis is on the visualisation of volume data in medical and biomedical imaging.The acquisition devices used to acquire the data generate scalar or vector fields represented in the form of regular 3D grids.The increasing accuracy of the acquisition devices implies an increasing size of the volume data.Therefore, it requires to adapt the visualisation algorithms in order to be able to manage such volumes.Moreover, visualisation mostly relies on the use of GPUs because they suit well to such problematics.However, they possess a very limited amount of memory compared to the generated volume data.The question then arises as to how to dissociate the calculation units, allowing visualisation, from those of storage.Algorithms based on the so-called "out-of-core" principle are the solutions for managing large volume data sets.In this thesis, we propose a complete GPU-based pipeline allowing real-time visualisation and processing of volume data that are significantly larger than the CPU and GPU memory capacities.The pipeline interest comes from its GPU-based approach of an out-of-core addressing structure, allowing the data virtualisation, which is adequate for volume data management.We validate our approach using different real-time applications of visualisation and processing.First, we propose an interactive virtual microscope allowing 3D auto-stereoscopic visualisation of stacks of high-resolution images.Then, we verify the adaptability of our structure to all data types with a multimodal virtual microscope.Finally, we demonstrate the multi-role capabilities of our structure through a concurrent real-time visualisation and processing application.
47

Étude dans le champ proche optique de l’interaction entre fluorescence d’un nanocristal et résonance plasmon / Study in the near optical field of the interaction between nanocrystal fluorescence and plasmon resonance

Jazi, Rabeb 21 June 2017 (has links)
Les nanocristaux semi-conducteurs colloïdaux possèdent des propriétés photo-physiques qui en font des objets de choix pour des applications variées, comme le marquage biologique, le photovoltaïque ou encore l’optique quantique. Leur interaction avec une structure photonique peut modifier leurs propriétés d’émission (durée de vie, intensité…). Le microscope optique de champ proche est un outil privilégié pour venir sonder ces modifications à l’échelle nanométrique.Cette thèse porte sur la réalisation d’une sonde active de champ proche réalisée à partir d’un nanocristal cœur/coquille CdSe/CdS greffé à l’apex d’une fibre optique amincie. Cette sonde est utilisée pour cartographier, dans les 3 dimensions de l’espace et à l’échelle nanométrique, les variations de durée de vie de l’émetteur. Elle permet de rendre compte des variations des modes photoniques sur la surface.Une partie de cette thèse porte sur la réalisation de la sonde active elle-même. Grâce à cette sonde les études sont alors développées sur un réseau de trous dans un film mince d’or. Des simulations FDTD ont été réalisées dans le but de déterminer les paramètres pertinents du réseau et d’analyser leur réponse en champ proche.Les résultats expérimentaux des durées de vie en divers points de différents réseaux, obtenus avec la sonde active, sont confrontés aux résultats numériques. / Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have photo-physical properties that make them objects of choice for various applications, such as biological marking, photovoltaics or quantum optics. Their interaction with a photonic structure can modify their emission properties (lifetime, intensity, etc.). The near-field optical microscope is a privileged tool to probe these changes at the nanoscale.This thesis deals with the realization of an active near-field probe made from a CdSe / CdS core / shell nanocrystal grafted to the apex of a thinned optical fiber. This probe is used to map, in the 3 dimensions of the space and on the nanometric scale, the variations in the lifetime of the emitter. It makes it possible to account for variations in photonic modes on the surface.A part of this thesis concerns the realization of the active probe itself. Thanks to this probe the studies are then developed on a hole grating made in a thin film of gold. FDTD simulations were performed to determine relevant grating parameters and to analyze their near field response.The experimental results of the lifetimes at various points of different gratings, obtained with the active probe, are compared with the numerical results.
48

Electric Charging and Nanostructure Formation in Polymeric Films using Combined Amplitude-Modulated Atomic Force Microscopy Assisted Electrostaitc Nanolithography and Electric Force Microscopy

Reagan, Michael A. 23 December 2009 (has links)
No description available.
49

Fabrication and imaging of highly ordered plasmonic Au nano-prism and self-assembled supramolecular nanostructure

Ayinla, Ridwan Tobi 08 August 2023 (has links) (PDF)
The precise control of the resonance frequency of plasmonic nanostructures is critical and depends on the size, composition, shape, and dielectric nature of the environment. The ability to control the shape and size of nanomaterials acutely depends on the fabrication technique and material design. We used a cheap and scalable method known as nanosphere lithography (NSL) to fabricate plasmonic nano-prism (NP) on glass and indium tin oxide substrate (ITO). The methods involve substrate hydrophilicity treatment, polystyrene nanosphere masking, metal deposition, and mask removal. The array and specific morphology of the fabricated NP was established using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Finally, we used UVVis spectroscopy to determine the plasmonic resonance frequencies of fabricated NP on different substrates. The results reported herein have potential applications in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and biosensing. We also used scanning tunneling microscope to obtain high spatial resolution images of supramolecular trigrams.
50

THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHOLIPID COATING ON THE INHIBITION OF PYRITE OXIDATION UNDER BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC CONDITIONS

Hao, Jun January 2009 (has links)
The abiotic oxidation of pyrite requires the supply of oxygen and water only. In abiotic systems, pyrite oxidation may proceed via several paths, with multiple steps in each of the paths. Defect sites (S-deficient, Fe3+ bearing sites) on the pyrite surface have been shown reported to be the initial reaction sites on pristine pyrite surfaces. In neutral to slightly acidic solutions (3.5<pH<7), ferric iron hydroxide patches will form on the surface. These patches have been shown to be the predominant sites for electron exchange. Efforts were undertaken to suppress the electron transfer at these sites to inhibit pyrite oxidation. It has been shown that pyrite oxidation can be controlled by exposing the pyrite to phosphate under relatively high pH values (pH above 5.0). However, phosphate ceases to function as an inhibitor under lower pHs. The use of two-tail phospholipids instead of phosphate to inhibit the pyrite oxidation proved to be very effective under abiotic conditions. The purpose of the present study is to determine if the use of two-tail phospholipids can be extended to systems that have bacteria present. Batch experiments were conducted in which pyrite slurries were treated with two-tailed lipid either before or after exposure to bacteria. Iron release into the solution was used as a reaction progress variable and Atomic Force Microscopy was used to study the distribution of lipids and bacteria on the pyrite surface. AFM images showed that the formation of 7nm lipid bilayers contributes to the majority of lipid structures on pyrite surface. The bilayers render the pyrite surface hydrophobic and inhibit the reaction of water with the surface, which is known to be a critical reactant. AFM images also showed that phospholipids are capable of displacing a large fraction of bacteria attached to pyrite, reducing the oxidation rate of the mineral. However, addition of heterotrophic bacterial (Acidiphilum acidophilum) to the system resulted in the increase in pyrite oxidation rate again. Cross-linking of the 23:2 dyne phospholipids by exposing the lipid to UV light greatly enhanced the stability of the lipid in the presence of the heterotrophic bacteria. UV pretreated lipid layers reduced pyrite oxidation in the presence of heterotrophic bacteria for up to 30 days. / Chemistry

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