The exposed shear zone within the footwall of the Badwater turtleback presents an excellent opportunity to explore the brittle-ductile transition. Within this shear zone, a variety of lithologies preserve the last stages of crystal-plastic deformation concurrent with exhumation of the turtleback. The included field study captures a snapshot of each lithologic element during the last stages of ductile deformation. The exposed shear zone's journey through the brittle-ductile transition is analyzed using the deformation mechanisms of calcite and quartz. A history of strain partitioning is constructed through comparison of the strain and temperature environments needed to facilitate each mechanism of crystal-plastic deformation. As the shear zone cooled, strain was partitioned from quartz-rich mylonitic gneiss to the calcite-dominated marbles and mylonites. Correlation of deformation temperatures with previous studies further constrains the timing of the last stage of ductile deformation to between 13 and 6 Ma.

Les mesures microtectoniques, les coupes et les logs lithostratigraphiques, les données de forages pétroliers et les profils sismiques, en Tunisie nord-orientale onshore et offshore, montrent: (i) une variation latérale et en profondeur des séries lithostratigraphiques, (ii) une série de structures faillées en subsurface, caractérisées par des plis de direction N45°, des failles inverses et des décrochements N90-110° dextres et N160-180° sénestres auxquels sont associés des bassins. Les déformations tectoniques reconnues par les données sismiques n'affectent que des zones étroites, allongées et orientées selon trois directions majeures: N45°, N100-120° et N160-180°. Les données microtectoniques ont dévoilé une dominance de fractures NW-SE, NNE-SSW et NE-SW à ENE-WSW respectivement sur les formations du Valenginien-Tortonien, Aptien et Yprésien, et Aptien, Yprésien et Langhien. L'association de toutes les données a permis de mettre en évidence: (a) une phase extensive au Crétacé de direction moyenne N110° matérialisée par des failles normales subméridiennes, NW-SE à WNW-ESE dextres, ENE-WSW à NE-SW senestres, (b) une compression de direction NW-SE pendant l'Eocène, (c) une extension de direction NE-SW à l'Oligocène, (d) une compression de direction NW-SE au Tortonien suivie par (e) une distension NE-SW au Messinien et enfin (f) une compression au Pliocène de direction NW-SE. Ces phases alpine et atlasique s'amortissent vers l'Est lors de la transition onshore-offshore et leur ampleur diminue d'Ouest et Nord-Ouest vers l'Est. On y observe des zones fortement faillées et plissées, alors que vers l'Est elles sont faillées et structurées en horsts et en grabens. Les réservoirs sont bien développés et sont de deux types : (i) carbonatés et fracturés (formations Abiod, Métlaoui, Souar et Chérahil, et Aïn Grab) et (ii) siliciclastiques (formations Birsa et Saouaf). Les roches mères qui constituent les formations Fahdène, Métlaoui, Bou Dabbous et El Gueria, ont alimenté ces réservoirs. Des pièges tantôt structuraux, associés à des structures plissées et fermées par failles, tantôt stratigraphiques, induits par changement de faciès, se sont développés suite à ces phases de compression. Les séries argileuses épaisses des formations El Haria, Souar et Chérahil, et Oum Dhouil constituent de bonnes couvertures continues qui scellent les structures des réservoirs. Les inversions structurales et la tectonique tangentielle en Tunisie orientale jouent un rôle important dans la structuration de la couverture et de l'évolution du système pétrolier. / Microtectonic measurements, the lithostratigraphic cross-sections and logs, the data of oil drillings and the seismic profiles, in north-eastern Tunisia onshore and offshore, show: (i) a side and in-depth variation of the lithostratigraphic series, (ii) a series of faulted structures at subsurface, characterized by folds oriented N45°, reverse faults and N90-110° dextral and N160-180° sinistral strike-slips associated with basins. The tectonic deformations recognized by the seismic data affect only narrow zones, lengthened and oriented according to three major directions: N45°, N100-120° and N160-180°. The microtectonic data revealed a predominance of fractures NW-SE, NNE-SSW and NE-SW to ENE-WSW on the formations of Valenginian-Tortonian and Ypresian Aptian and Aptian, Ypresian and Langhian, respectively. The associations of all data helped to identify: (a) an extensive phase Cretaceous in age, ~N110° oriented and materialized by NS normal faults, NW-SE to WNW-ESE dextral and ENE-WSW to NE-SW sinistral faults, (b) a NW-SE compression during the Eocene, (c) a NE-SW Oligocene extension, (d) a NW-SE Tortonian compression followed by (e) a NE-SW Messinian distension and (f) a NW-SE Pliocene compression. These Alpine and Atlassic phases decrease eastwards at the onshore-offshore transition and their magnitude decreases from the West and Northwest to the East, where strongly folded and faulted zones can be observed, whereas Eastwards they are faulted and structured in folds and troughs. The reservoirs are well developed and are of two types: (i) carbonated and fractured (Abiod, Métlaoui, Souar and Chérahil, and Aïn Grab formations) and (ii) siliciclastic (Birsa and Saouaf formations). Sometimes structural traps, associated with structures folded and closed by faults, sometimes stratigraphic, induced by change of facies, developed following these compression stages. The bed rocks which constitute the Fahdène, Métlaoui, Bou Dabbous and El Gueria formations, supplied these reservoirs. The thick argillaceous series of the El Haria, Souar and Chérahil, and Oum Dhouil formations constitute good continuous covers which seal the structures of the reservoirs. The structural inversions and thrusting in Eastern Tunisia play a significant role in the structuring of the cover and the evolution of the oil system.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23456号 / 理博第4750号 / 新制||理||1681(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 山路 敦, 准教授 佐藤 活志, 教授 生形 貴男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Orientador: Luiz Sérgio Amarante Simões / Resumo: Na Nappe de Passos, unidade tectônica pertencente à Faixa Brasília Meridional, em seu segmento intermediário (Unidades E e G), ocorrem megaporfiroblastos de granada (diâmetro ≥ 3 cm, alcançando até 8 cm), hospedados em cianita-mica xistos, que contrastam com os de tamanho usual (0,2 a 1,5 cm) comumente encontrados nos xistos granadíferos desta nappe. Este trabalho, como uma primeira iniciativa de estudo dessa peculiar feição metamórfica, investiga a ocorrência desses megaporfiroblastos através de levantamento de campo, análise microtectônica e determinação de perfis químicos. Parte do trabalho foi voltada para buscar ocorrências de megaporfiroblastos na porção NW da Nappe de Passos, a norte da cidade de Cássia (MG). Com o levantamento de campo, que incluiu trinta perfis seccionando as Unidades E, F G, H e I, não foi encontrada nenhuma ocorrência de camadas ricas em megaporfiroblastos neste setor da nappe. Ao longo desse levantamento, foi possível realizar uma melhor caracterização geométrica do fechamento NW da Braquissinformal de Passos e demonstrar o caráter braquiantiformal da Antiforma de Itaú de Minas. Para o estudo dos megaporfiroblastos, selecionou-se uma ocorrência no segmento SE da Nappe de Passos, no topo da Unidade E. Eles se encontram hospedados em camadas decimétricas de biotita-cianita-granada-quartzo-muscovita xistos, que se alternam com camadas de composições semelhantes, porém contendo porfiroblastos de tamanho usual. Os megaporfiroblastos têm forma elipsoida... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Passos Nappe is an important tectonic unit of the Southern Brasília Belt. In the intermediate segment of the Passos Nappe, represented by E and G Units, occurs megaporphyroblasts of garnet (diameter 3 to 8 cm). The megaporphyroblasts are hosted in kyanite-mica schists and contrast with the usual size (from 0.2 to 1.5 cm) commonly found in the granadiferous schists of this nappe. This work provides the first study of this peculiar metamorphic feature and aims to investigate the occurrence of these megaporphyroblasts based on field work, microtectonic analysis and determination of chemical profiles. Part of the work focused on identifying the occurrence of megaporphyroblasts to the north of the Cássia city (Minas Gerais State), within the NW sector of the Passos Nappe. Thirty transects were produced along the E, F G, H and I Units, however, no occurrence of megaporphyroblasts rich layers was found in this sector of the nappe. The improvement on the geometric characterization of the northwest closure of the Passos Brachisyncline and the demonstration of the brachianticline aspect of Itaú de Minas Antiform were possible with the transect work. For the study of megaporphyroblasts, it was selected an occurrence located in the SE sector of the Passos Nappe, situated at the top of the E Unit. The study carried out in this sector shows that megaporphyroblasts are hosted in decimetric layers of biotite-kyanite-garnet-quartz-muscovite schists, which alternate with layers of similar ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre