It has become widely recognized that the development of postwar suburbia in North America has had a detrimental effect on community identity, environmental sustainability, and social conscience. Suburban development is often prominent in mid-sized cities made up of a low density or “flat” urban landscape. The Regional Municipality of Waterloo’s urban core consists of three such cities (Cambridge, Kitchener, and Waterloo). As one of Canada’s most economically stable and fastest growing municipalities, it provides a rich opportunity for regional growth through intensification. In the Region of Waterloo’s latest planning policy plan, “A Vision for a Sustainable and Livable Waterloo Region” is outlined. In addition to this comprehensive policy, a two-part “Visualizing Densities” study provided a comprehensive analysis of the existing communities throughout Waterloo Region and how they can be improved. Both of these documents helped to promote sustainable growth in the downtown and inner city areas, however, they have not effectively addressed how to deal with existing suburban areas. The Visualizing Densities Part II study proposed a redesign of a three selected existing suburban study areas throughout the region. Although these proposals had good intentions, they all but ignored the existing network of streets and built fabric. Therefore, it only really addressed how to design and build a new green field development. By building upon current suburban redevelopment concepts and strategies, this thesis will develop an adaptable process for existing suburban community revitalization. This process will be applied to a suburban study area set within the city of Waterloo (one of the regions mid-sized cities). A critical aspect of this process will be the renewed role that architects must play as analysts, visionaries and educators. The overall intention of this thesis will be to develop a means of engaging and revitalizing existing suburban areas into more efficient, self-sustaining, and responsive community networks.

It has become widely recognized that the development of postwar suburbia in North America has had a detrimental effect on community identity, environmental sustainability, and social conscience. Suburban development is often prominent in mid-sized cities made up of a low density or “flat” urban landscape. The Regional Municipality of Waterloo’s urban core consists of three such cities (Cambridge, Kitchener, and Waterloo). As one of Canada’s most economically stable and fastest growing municipalities, it provides a rich opportunity for regional growth through intensification. In the Region of Waterloo’s latest planning policy plan, “A Vision for a Sustainable and Livable Waterloo Region” is outlined. In addition to this comprehensive policy, a two-part “Visualizing Densities” study provided a comprehensive analysis of the existing communities throughout Waterloo Region and how they can be improved. Both of these documents helped to promote sustainable growth in the downtown and inner city areas, however, they have not effectively addressed how to deal with existing suburban areas. The Visualizing Densities Part II study proposed a redesign of a three selected existing suburban study areas throughout the region. Although these proposals had good intentions, they all but ignored the existing network of streets and built fabric. Therefore, it only really addressed how to design and build a new green field development. By building upon current suburban redevelopment concepts and strategies, this thesis will develop an adaptable process for existing suburban community revitalization. This process will be applied to a suburban study area set within the city of Waterloo (one of the regions mid-sized cities). A critical aspect of this process will be the renewed role that architects must play as analysts, visionaries and educators. The overall intention of this thesis will be to develop a means of engaging and revitalizing existing suburban areas into more efficient, self-sustaining, and responsive community networks.

Depuis la fin des années 1990, de nombreux projets d’aménagement sont lancés dans et autour des gares centrales des villes françaises, encouragés à la fois par des évolutions de l’offre de transport, des politiques publiques et des stratégies des acteurs ferroviaires. Ces projets visent à transformer les gares, au sens stricto-sensu du bâtiment historique, mais aussi à requalifier leurs abords immédiats et/ou leur quartier. La notion de « pôle gare », introduite dans la recherche, désigne ces trois espaces et leurs interdépendances. Si la recherche urbaine a principalement étudié les projets des grandes gares parisiennes et des métropoles régionales, cette thèse s’intéresse à ceux conduits dans les villes moyennes, dont plus de soixante pôles gares ont fait l’objet de réaménagements. Ces projets s’inscrivent toutefois dans des contextes locaux singuliers marqués par des dynamiques socioéconomiques souvent plus limitées et la modestie des ressources financières et techniques des collectivités locales. Cette thèse entend ainsi analyser le décalage entre les enjeux, acteurs et modalités de programmation et de conduite de projet dans les grandes villes avec ce qui est observé dans les villes moyennes, afin de révéler les formes de territorialisation de l’action publique locale en matière d’aménagement des gares. Une comparaison a été réalisée entre les projets de trois pôles gares de villes moyennes françaises (Saintes, Périgueux et Saint-Omer), sur la base d’une enquête qualitative. Celle-ci est fondée en partie sur une immersion dans un bureau d’études qui conseille les collectivités dans l’élaboration de ce type de projets, complétée par des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec les différentes parties-prenantes. Les résultats montrent que les projets des villes moyennes sont loin d’être une simple reproduction, en plus petits, des projets métropolitains, même s’ils s’appuient sur les mêmes objectifs et - partiellement -sur les mêmes systèmesd’acteurs. La conduite de projet des collectivités locales se caractérise par des contraintes financières, techniques et politiques qui ont des conséquences dans l’ensemble du dispositif partenarial et leur conception est régie par desstratégies d’aménagement différentes, notamment en matière d’articulation des polarités, de coordination entre urbanisme et transport et de programmation avec une valorisation des aménagements fonctionnels et qualitatifs. De cette façon, cette thèse contribue à enrichir le regard posé sur les villes moyennes et à formuler une grille de lecture originale de la territorialisation de l’action publique locale / Since the end of the 1990s, a number of urban planning initiatives have been launched in and around French train stations, fueled by the evolution of transportation modes and services, public policies and changing strategies from railway operators. These initiatives have ambitioned to transform railway stations, altering the historical definition of the word, and extending this transformation to their immediate surroundings and neighborhoods. The notion of “station cluster”, presented in this paper, defines these three areas and the interlinkages that exist between them. While past theses have mainly studied projects focused on Paris’ main railway stations and major urban areas, this thesis shines the spotlight on station clusters redevelopments in medium-sized cities. More than sixty different such projects have been studied for this paper, each anchored in unique local contexts, marked by more limiting socioeconomic dynamics and by the modest financial and technical resources found in these local communities. This thesis therefore intends to analyze the gap between local issues, actors, zoning requirements and project management in major urban cores and their adjustment for medium-sized cities to try and reveal forms of adaptation and regionalization of public policies in regards to the planning of railway station projects. A comparison was made between the station clusters of three medium sized French cities (Saintes, Périgueux and Saint-Omer) based on a qualitative survey partly grounded in the involvement with a transportation consulting office working with local urban planning authorities and the conducting of semi-directive interviews with project actors. The results have shown that mid-sized city projects, while pursuing similar goals, and partially relying on the same players, are not the simple, yet shrinked, reproduction of major metropolitan projects. This thesis therefore contributes in putting the spotlight on medium-sized cities as well as providing an original reading grid of local public policies and actions.

The majority of people in North America have lost not only the knowledge of how to successfully sustain themselves from the land but, even more troubling, the basic knowledge of where the food comes from, what real food is, or even what to do with it. It is not only basic knowledge of food that is being lost in the consumer culture; many of the private and public spaces that were central to the social fabric of the city, street, and family are changing and losing their significance. The mass marketing of the consumer lifestyle has led to the disappearance of home gardens, local restaurants, neighbourhood coffee shops, and farmers’ markets. It has altered the fine grain of our city, streets, and homes, thereby reducing the social interactions that once created lively streets in the past. This thesis examines both the historical and current relationship and influence of food in cities, streets and homes in relation to the growing issues of access to fresh whole food and the dispersed city form. In addition, it will investigate how food orientated developments such as Community Food Centres can act as a catalyst for urban revitalization in failing urban cores and provide a resiliency to the economies of the city. The analysis of the influence of food, challenges that midsized cites are facing, and a series of precedents will provide a set guidelines for architects and planners developing urban projects. Three main themes are explored as a means to revitalization of urban neighbourhood through food: reuse of under used or abandoned land, our cultural connection to food, and the activities and culture that the two create together. These themes will explore the use and cultural significance of kitchens, markets, and restaurants and public space as architectural spaces that create community as a means to better understand what mechanisms of these aspects are the keys to the building of vibrant communities. This concept will be explored through the design of a community food centre in St. Patrick’s Ward in Guelph, Ontario.

The majority of people in North America have lost not only the knowledge of how to successfully sustain themselves from the land but, even more troubling, the basic knowledge of where the food comes from, what real food is, or even what to do with it. It is not only basic knowledge of food that is being lost in the consumer culture; many of the private and public spaces that were central to the social fabric of the city, street, and family are changing and losing their significance. The mass marketing of the consumer lifestyle has led to the disappearance of home gardens, local restaurants, neighbourhood coffee shops, and farmers’ markets. It has altered the fine grain of our city, streets, and homes, thereby reducing the social interactions that once created lively streets in the past. This thesis examines both the historical and current relationship and influence of food in cities, streets and homes in relation to the growing issues of access to fresh whole food and the dispersed city form. In addition, it will investigate how food orientated developments such as Community Food Centres can act as a catalyst for urban revitalization in failing urban cores and provide a resiliency to the economies of the city. The analysis of the influence of food, challenges that midsized cites are facing, and a series of precedents will provide a set guidelines for architects and planners developing urban projects. Three main themes are explored as a means to revitalization of urban neighbourhood through food: reuse of under used or abandoned land, our cultural connection to food, and the activities and culture that the two create together. These themes will explore the use and cultural significance of kitchens, markets, and restaurants and public space as architectural spaces that create community as a means to better understand what mechanisms of these aspects are the keys to the building of vibrant communities. This concept will be explored through the design of a community food centre in St. Patrick’s Ward in Guelph, Ontario.

Submitted by LUIZ HENRIQUE MATEUS LIMA null (lugano_lima@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-28T19:18:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 4720345 bytes, checksum: e33530d0203d1cf6479b61bca16ba2b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-29T18:21:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_lhm_me_prud.pdf: 4720345 bytes, checksum: e33530d0203d1cf6479b61bca16ba2b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T18:21:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_lhm_me_prud.pdf: 4720345 bytes, checksum: e33530d0203d1cf6479b61bca16ba2b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Passando a fazer parte das cidades brasileiras entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970, os shopping centers se tornaram comuns no país com o passar dos anos, representando uma forma de afastamento das classes que dispõem de um maior poder aquisitivo visando manter à distância os “indesejados”, ou seja, das classes que vivem de uma renda inferior e com isso não tem condições de consumir em espaços de consumo com estrutura semelhante. Esses empreendimentos cercados por muros e constantemente vigiados por seguranças treinados ou por câmeras passam a sensação de segurança que as pessoas necessitam dia a dia, e isso resulta da exclusão dos desprivilegiados, a quem eles consideram como perigosos para o convívio. Os shopping representam também, após a sua instalação, o surgimento de novas centralidades nas cidades, sendo que atraem a atenção de novos comerciantes para áreas das cidades. Porém, com o tempo eles podem representar a desvalorização dos centros tradicionais, que perdem o seu valor, bem como o surgimento espaços de consumo orientados e que orientam a segmentação social. Nesta dissertação, analisamos a centralidade gerada a partir dos cinco shopping centers – Riopreto Shopping, Praça Shopping, Plaza Avenida Shopping, Shopping Cidade Norte e Iguatemi Rio Preto – de São José do Rio Preto/SP, revelando as articulações entre as escalas geográficas no âmbito da produção do espaço urbano, assim como as lógicas locacionais que orientam a implantação desses empreendimentos em cidades médias, buscando identificar sua relação com o segmento socioeconômico a que se direcionam e os impactos gerados inclusive na escala intraurbana. Com o primeiro shopping center sendo inaugurado em 1988, esse modelo de empreendimento impulsionou, em São José do Rio Preto, o desenvolvimento de novas centralidades na cidade, atraindo para o seu interior, consumidores não só locais, mas também oriundos de outras cidades inclusive de estados vizinhos a São Paulo. / Becoming part of Brazilian cities between the 1960s and 1970s, the shopping malls have become common in the country over the years, representing a form of removal of the classes that have a higher purchasing power to maintain the distance the "unwanted ", or that is, the classes living in a lower income and thus can not afford to consume in consumer spaces with similar structure. These developments surrounded by walls and watched constantly by trained security guards or cameras pass the sense of security that people need every day, and that results from the exclusion of the underprivileged, whom they regard as dangerous to the living. The mall also represent, after installation, the emergence of new downtown in the cities, and attract the attention of new merchants to areas of cities. However, over time they can represent the devaluation of the traditional downtown, which lose their value as well as the emergence of consumer-oriented spaces and guiding social segmentation. In this thesis, we analyze the centrality generated from the five shopping centers - Rio Preto Shopping, Praça Shopping, Plaza Avenida Shopping, Shopping Cidade Norte and Iguatemi Rio Preto - São José do Rio Preto/SP, revealing the links between geographical scales in production of urban space, as well as locational that guide the implementation of these projects in mid-sized cities in order to identify its relationship with socioeconomic segment that target and impacts including the intra-urban scale. With the first shopping center was inaugurated in 1988, this development model boosted in São José do Rio Preto, the development of new centralities in the city, attracting to its interior, consumers not only local, but also from other cities including neighboring states to São Paulo.

Les mutations des échelles de responsabilité, ainsi que le rôle de l'immigration dans la production physique mais aussi symbolique de la ville, sont analysés à travers le prisme des politiques locales d'immigration et d'intégration mises en œuvre dans les villes israéliennes d'Acre, Arad, Kiryat Gat et Kiryat Shmona. La politique volontariste d'accueil des immigrés juifs en Israël, datant des années 1950, est mise à l'épreuve de la décentralisation. En réalité, seule une partie des autorités locales mettent en place des politiques locales d'immigration et d'intégration. L'enquête montre que ces villes moyennes font souvent le choix de former de façon proactive une politique locale afin de « choisir » les immigrés qui s'y installent d'une part ; et de développer de nouveaux canaux d'accès à des ressources publiques d'autre part. Dans ce contexte, la mise en place d'une politique d'immigration dans la ville engendre une situation d'interdépendance entre des acteurs situées à des échelles de pouvoir différentes. Avec l'éclatement des responsabilités, les acteurs sont mis en concurrence pour obtenir les ressources publiques et privées dédiées à l'intégration des immigrés. L'immigration prend part à la fabrique du lieu. Via la mise en valeur de la contribution des anciennes vagues d'immigration, et le potentiel imaginé des futurs immigrés, l'immigration est envisagée comme un renouveau démographique, économique ou culturel. Conçue comme un levier, elle permet de redéfinir les échelles de développement de ces villes frontières. / Mutations of scales of power, as well as the role of immigration in the physical and symbolic production of the city, are analysed through immigrant integration policies in the cities of Acre, Arad, Kiryat Gat and Kiryat Shmona in Israel. Jewish immigration policies, as defined by the State of Israel from 1950s onwards, are challenged by decentralisation. However, only some local governments actively make local immigrant integration policies. The inquiry shows that these mid-sized cities proactively formulate a local policy in order to “choose” the immigrants that settle on the one hand; and to access new channels of public resources on the other hand.In that context, the implementation of an immigrant policy in the city leads to interdependence between actors located at various scales of power. With the fragmentation of responsibilities, actors compete to obtain the public and private resources for immigrant integration. Immigration is part of the making of place. Through the reintegration of former waves of immigration, and the imagined potential of future immigrants, immigration is foreseen as a demographic, economic or cultural renewal. It is a lever to redefine the development scales of those frontier towns.Keywords: Scales, governance, local governments, places, mid-sized cities, biographical method, immigration, integration policies, Israel.