Orientador: Armando Boito Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correa_AnaElisaCruz_M.pdf: 811376 bytes, checksum: cc2cef50f566157581c7341228bab11f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação temos o objetivo de realizar uma análise do Movimento Altermundialista que surge no fim da década de 1990 como uma forma de resistência ao capitalismo neoliberal, considerado por muitos intelectuais e ativistas como o protagonista contemporâneo da "nova esquerda" internacional. Analisamos especificamente os Fóruns Sociais Mundiais realizados no Brasil desde 2001, uma importante expressão do altermundialismo na busca de alternativas para a construção de um "outro mundo possível". Nos fundamos na teoria marxista e a novidade e verdadeiro desafio de nossa pesquisa foi analisar o Fórum a partir de sua composição de classe. Identificamos a presença de setores precarizados das classes médias nos Fóruns e notamos uma importante relação entre essa composição de classe e as reivindicações e formas organizativas do evento. A partir desse estudo exploratório desenvolvemos por fim o que consideramos ser uma caracterização contemporânea da expressão política liberal de um reformismo característico de setores das classes médias brasileiras / Abstract: This thesis aims to carry out an analysis of the "alterglobalization movement" that arises in the late 1990s as a form of resistance to neoliberal capitalism, considered by many intellectuals and activists as the protagonist of the contemporary "new left" internationally. We focused at the World Social Foruns held in Brazil since 2001, an important expression of alterglobalisation in search for alternatives for building "another world possible". We founded on Marxist theory and the novelty and challenge of our research was to analyze the Forum throught its class composition. We identified the presence of precarious sectors of the middle classes in the forums and we noticed a significant relationship between this class and the composition of the claims and forms of organization of the event. From this exploratory study we eventually developed what we consider to be a characterization of contemporary political liberal expression of a reformism characteristic of the Brazilian middle classes / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

Discussions of hope and the imagined future have thus far focussed on grand ambitions at the expense of the more mundane, modest wants that are the preoccupation of everyday life. Studies of the home have demonstrated the role of material culture in embodying memory and household pasts but little has been said of household futures and their impact on household presents. This ethnographic study of the lives of three middle class households in south-east London addresses these gaps through an exploration of the role of imagined futures in orienting everyday life in the household. The ways in which householders work to make household life what they want it to be, and to secure the longer-term futures they imagine for their children, are explored through the frustrations, disappointments and anxieties that stem from the frequent failures of these efforts. Objects are demonstrated to be both the means through which householders attempt to make household life what they want it to be - their potentiality shaping and enabling imagined futures - and the means through which these imagined futures are reconfigured or derailed. The period of maternity leave, that all three of my women participants were in the midst of, is shown to be one in which the work of bringing the household's imagined futures, and children's imagined futures to fruition falls disproportionately to mothers, often at the expense of their own wants. Finally, a broader lens is used to explore how middle class householders' efforts to live the life they want contributes to and shapes the processes of gentrification credited with bringing dramatic change to south-east London.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The evolution of policy regarding the black bourgeoisie -- Issues in the struggle for black capitalism -- The roles and effects of NAFCOC (National African Federation Chamber of Commerce) and FABCOS (Foundation of Business and Consumer Service) -- The development of black capitalists in the urban areas -- Constraints on, and the performances of black entrepreneurs -- 'Normalisation' of the economic playing field. / South Africa

This dissertation presents a thick ethnography that engages in the micro-analysis of the situationality of black middle-class collective identification processes through an examination of performances by members of the nine historically black sororities and fraternities at Atlanta Greek Picnic, an annual festival that occurs at the beginning of June in Atlanta, Georgia. It mainly attracts undergraduate and graduate members of these university-based organizations, as they exist all over the United States. This exploration of black Greek-letter organization (BGLO) performances uncovers processes through which young black middle-class individuals attempt to combine two universes that are at first glance in complete opposition to each other: the domain of the traditional black middle-class values with representations and fashions stemming from black popular culture. These constructions also attempt to incorporate—in a contradiction of sorts— black popular cultural elements in the objective to deconstruct the social conservatism that characterizes middle-class values, particularly in relation to sexuality and its representation in social behaviors and performances. This negotiation between prescribed v middle-class values of respectability and black popular culture provides a space wherein black individuals challenge and/or perpetuate those dominant tropes through identity performances that feed into the formation of black sexual politics, which I examine through a variety of BGLO staged and non-staged performances.

Middle class is important for economic development and growth of a country. Nowadays middle class in asian countries like China, Vietnam or India is significantly growing. Middle class in China has started to develop after economic reforms, which were launched in 1980s. People belonging to middle class in China are concentrated in urban area. Originally it started to develop in the coastal part of the country. There is a trend to move also to the inner part of the country. The biggest potential of the middle class is boosting domestic consumption. On the other hand there are certain problems, which might lead to middle income trap. The main problems are low productivity, high disparity, pressures on environment or aging population. The government is making a lot of measures to solve this problém. Nevertheless these problems are long term and they must focus on them in the future too.

This diploma thesis deals with the welfare state. The first chapter describes the characteristics of the welfare state and its possible different types. The second chapter is concerned with the historical background. The third chapter focuses on the relationship of the welfare state to the middle class and potentional risks which development of the middle class brings. Last, the fourth chapter elaborates one of the proposals for a reform of the welfare state. Specifically, it is focused on Gidden's Third way. This concept is first introduced, followed by critical responses, where a reader learns what above all bothers most opponents of this specific programme.

O discurso oficial sustenta que o modelo de desenvolvimento brasileiro da última década baseia-se no binômio investimento em infraestrutura e expansão do mercado de massa (DWECK, CHAVES e CHERNAVSKY, 2013). Por sua vez, a ampliação do mercado consumidor no país ocorreu a partir da incorporação de novos consumidores, base do processo difundido como o surgimento de uma suposta nova classe média. Essa chamada classe é, na realidade, um estrato de renda, definido a partir de limites financeiros superiores e inferiores estabelecidos arbitrariamente para criar uma imagem positiva do país, um movimento típico da ciência da ocultação, aquela que tenta encobrir os problemas históricos do subdesenvolvimento. Ao logo deste ensaio, demonstro as inconsistências na lógica interna que sustenta o conceito de nova classe média, rejeitando sua organização. Em seu lugar, proponho outro olhar teórico para o fenômeno, baseado nas categorias dialética do consumo, a partir de Álvaro Vieira Pinto (2008), e superexploração do trabalho, parte da Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD), conforme postulada por Ruy Mauro Marini (1991a). Esse procedimento permite analisar o aumento do consumo em sua articulação com as classes sociais, o trabalho e a produção, relações inseridas nas contradições do capitalismo dependente. Portanto, nesta Tese defendo o argumento de que a estratégia de expansão mercado de massa oculta, através do conceito de nova classe média, as contradições do capitalismo dependente e renova a superexploração do trabalho no consumo de não-consumidores. / Official discourse sustatins that the brazilian development model in the last decade is based on the binomial: investments in infrastructure and mass-market expansion. My point of departure in this Thesis is the growth of the consumer market originated in the incorporation of new consumers, the base of the process known as the emergence of the Brazilian new middle class. This so called class is, in fact, an income stratum, defined by superior and inferior financial limits arbitrarily established to create a positive image of the country, a typical movement of the occultation science, one that tries to uncover underdevelopment historical problems. Throughout this research, I demonstrate the inconsistencies in the internal logic that sustains the concept of new middle class, rejecting it. Instead, I propose another theoretical approach, based on the categories dialectics of consumption, by Álvaro Vieira Pinto (2008), and overexploitation of labor, by Ruy Mauro Marini (1991a). This procedure allows analyzing the increase in consumption in its articulation to the categories of social classes, labor and production, relations merged in the contradictions of the dependent capitalism. Eventually, I defend the following argument in this Thesis: the strategy that organizes the expansion of mass-market hides, behind the new middle class concept, the contradictions of the dependent capitalism and renews the non-consumers overexploitation of labor.

No description available.

Bibliography: pages 209-219. / My thesis is concerned with the experiences and perceptions of British women living in the Cape Colony, South Africa, during the first half of the nineteenth century. My chief source materials are the letters and diaries written by different women in the period 1820-1850. The women in my thesis were members of the British middle class and proponents of its dominant ideology. This revolved around a "separation of spheres" which prescribed particular types of behaviour for men and women. This view was more of an ideal than a reality, and women in this period found ways in which to both resist and enforce its prescriptions. I am interested in the negotiation of identity that occurred when British women arrived at the Cape. In order to tap into their experiences, I examine in detail the writing of several women who lived in Cape Town, and then compare this to women's writing in different parts of the colony. What emerges is a version of South African history in which the experiences of individual women challenge assumptions about the existence of middle class and colonial homogenising discourses. Women in Cape Town, on the eastern frontier and on mission stations lived in different circumstances. The contexts in which they wrote affected the versions of themselves that they revealed in their writing. The different ways in which they wrote, and they ways in which they constructed a d represented their identities, challenge attempts to fit them into the contemporary feminine mould. While they were creating their own identifies through the medium of letters, they were also creating cultural artefacts. Their letters formed the basis of a private literate culture which both represented these women and their particular view of the Cape to the rest of the world. Women controlled what was written in their letters - their self-representations were presented to their readers in a version not mediated through their male relatives. In their own letters, they were not men's wives, they were their own women. Most of the women I discuss had a commitment to Christianity, and the promotion of Christianity. Missionary wives and evangelical women had a code of behaviour that did not always accord with middle class ideology. They measured their behaviour according to religious and moral standards. This allowed them to contravene middle class ethics if they felt these contravened their own codes of morality. Depending on circumstances, women could be called upon to behave either as middle class women or Christian women, and in these instances would conform to the identity under either ideology. I would therefore suggest that not only did English middle-class women at the Cape create their subjectivity in terms of their status as women, as middle class women and as white women, but they also constructed their subjectivity in terms of their religious beliefs - as religious women.

This ethnographic study investigates conditions in which groups often found to be at odds with each can instead form mutually productive and supportive relationships. As an Anglophone West Indian immigrant man myself, I am personally interested in how members of my group find success in the US and fit into the larger US African descendant sphere of Black people. As a clergyman, I am professionally interested in how different Black ethnic groups find ways to get along and even appreciate each others’ differences, as part of a larger whole. Since much of my working life is keyed to creating conditions for a positive climate in which people can be the best of themselves, I hypothesized that in the right environment groups known to be suspicious of and stereotype each other, and even engage in outright conflict, could reach a workable resolution over time. That of Afro Caribbeans and Southern African Americans presented an exemplary case. To investigate whether this positive outcome was possible in the right conditions, I selected St Albans, Queens, 1965-present, as a site to conduct research that would help me learn a) how Anglophone Afro Caribbean immigrants made successful places for themselves in the US and the neighborhood; b) from their point of view, found paths to acceptance and even mutual appreciation of African Americans of Southern migrant backgrounds; and c) test whether particular characteristics of a neighborhood environment offer support for mutual acceptance and appreciation, without either group having to give up what it culturally values. The study found that because of several factors St. Albans indeed promoted a context which fostered getting along, and even getting along well. These included sufficient employment and housing opportunities, similarities in income and middle class status, numerous churches that reinforced positive values, and the fact that the racial tensions characteristic of many parts of the US were not prevalent in the daily life of the neighborhood.