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Mild head injury : Relation to cognition, dementia, fatigue & geneticsSundström, Anna January 2006 (has links)
Following a mild head injury (MHI), a person may report a variety of symptoms such as headache, memory disturbance, dizziness, and concentration difficulties. For most persons the symptoms are transient, but some suffer persistent symptoms that can have a major impact on everyday life. It remains poorly understood why some but not others have full recovery after MHI. The aim of this thesis was to investigate outcomes after MHI, with particular focus on neuropsychological functioning, fatigue, and risk of dementia. A related objective was to examine the potential association of a genetic factor, Apolipoprotein (APOE), with MHI outcome. The APOE є4 allele has been associated with unfavorable outcomes after moderate or severe head injury, but little is known about its influence on outcome after MHI. In Study I and II, data from a population-based longitudinal study were used to compare neuropsychological functioning and fatigue before and after MHI. The results from Study I showed a post-injury decline in neuropsychological performance for є4-carriers, whereas the performance remained unchanged for non-carriers. Study II showed an increase in self-reported fatigue after MHI for both є4-carriers and non-carriers, with a more pronounced increase for є4-carriers. In Study III, a case-control study was conducted to examine whether a history of MHI increased the risk of developing dementia later in life. It was found that MHI alone did not increase the risk, but the combination of MHI and APOE є4 was associated with increased risk of dementia. Taken together, the studies generally indicate a positive outcome after MHI, but in combination with APOE є4 even mild head injury may lead to long-lasting negative outcomes. Consideration of pre-injury level of functioning and genetic factors seems critical for a complete understanding of the impact of MHI.
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Mild head injury : relation to cognition, dementia, fatigue & genetics /Sundström, Anna, January 1900 (has links)
Disputats, Umeå universitet, 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
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Cumulative mild head injury (CMHI) in contact sports:an evaluation of pre and post season cognitive profiles rugby players compared with non-contact sport controls at the University of Limpopo(Turfloop Campus)Rapetsoa, Mokgadi Johanna January 2015 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.(Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015. / The effect of Cumulative Mild Head Injury (CMHI) in contact sports, such as rugby, is seen increasingly at school level where more and more injuries are reported. Research on CMHI in contact sport is needed specifically amongst previously disadvantaged groups where little or no research has taken place. The research is thus intended to seek a better understanding of CMHI in the contact sport of rugby specifically amongst amateur players. A quantitative research approach was utilised with a quasi-experimental research design. A sample of 18 student rugby players and 18 volleyball (non-contact sport) controls was used. In terms of mean performances the tests did not reveal a consistent pattern of deficits which is typically associated with the effects of Cumulative Mild Head Injuries. There were significant results however, in terms of variability that suggests potential deficits in attention among the rugby group. The results are therefore indicative of a poorer overall cognitive profile for the rugby playing group. It is concluded that the increased variability may be displayed in individuals who suffer CMHI at an earlier age.
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Νοσηρότητα μετά από ελαφρές κρανιοεγκεφαλικές κακώσειςΣπίνος, Παναγιώτης 28 February 2013 (has links)
Η συχνότητα εμφάνισης του μεταδιασεισικού συνδρόμου μετά από ελαφρές κρανιοεγκεφαλικές κακώσεις στις ανεπτυγμένες χώρες κυμαίνεται από 40% έως 80% κατά τις πρώτες εβδομάδες μετά τον τραυματισμό. Ωστόσο, σχεδόν το 50% των ασθενών αναφέρουν συμπτώματα έως και 3 μήνες μετά και το 10-15% από αυτούς για περισσότερο από ένα χρόνο. Οι ελαφρές κρανιοεγκεφαλικές κακώσεις και το μεταδιασεισικό σύνδρομο αποτελούν σοβαρό πρόβλημα δημόσιας υγείας, μιας και το ποσοστό επαγγελματικής ανικανότητας που οφείλεται σε αυτά εκτιμάται από 12% για 2 μήνες έως και 20% για 1 χρόνο, με τον αντίστοιχο οικονομικό και κοινωνικό αντίκτυπο. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να προσδιοριστούν τα χαρακτηριστικά και να εκτιμηθεί η συχνότητα εμφάνισης του μεταδιασεισικού συνδρόμου σε έναν ενήλικο ελληνικό πληθυσμό, ταυτόχρονα με την καταγραφή των δημογραφικών στοιχείων και των παραμέτρων που αφορούν αποκλειστικά στις ελαφρές κρανιοεγκεφαλικές κακώσεις στην ίδια πληθυσμιακή ομάδα.
Υλικό-Μέθοδοι: Η προοπτική αυτή μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε στο Πανεπιστημιακό Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Πατρών, στη Δυτική Ελλάδα. Η συλλογή των ασθενών με ελαφρά κρανιοεγκεφαλική κάκωση ξεκίνησε τον Μάιο του 2006 και ολοκληρώθηκε τον Μάιο του 2008. Πεντακόσιοι τριάντα εννέα ασθενείς με ελαφρές κρανιοεγκεφαλικές κεφαλής συμπεριλήφθηκαν με τυχαία διαλογή στην μελέτη. Συνολικά, 223 ασθενείς (223/539: 41,5%) (άνδρες 63% και γυναίκες 37%) πληρούσαν τα κριτήρια του "Colorado Medical Society Guidelines" για τον καθορισμό της διάσεισης, με μέση ηλικία τα 30 έτη (εύρος: 18.5-57.5). Η παρακολούθηση των ασθενών συνεχίστηκε μέσω τηλεφωνικών συνεντεύξεων στους 1, 3 και 6 μήνες μετα-τραυματικά, οπότε ρωτήθηκαν εάν εμφάνισαν οποιοδήποτε από τα κοινά μεταδιασεισικά συμπτώματα (ICD-10 κριτήρια).
Αποτελέσματα: Το ποσοστό του μεταδιασεισικού συνδρόμου στο τέλος του πρώτου, του τρίτου και του έκτου μήνα μετά τον τραυματισμό υπολογίστηκε σε 10,3%, 6%, και 0,9%, αντίστοιχα, δηλαδή 4-8 φορές μικρότερο σε σχέση με τις άλλες μελέτες. Το μεταδιασεισικό σύνδρομο βρέθηκε να είναι συχνότερο μεταξύ των γυναικών (17%) και μεταξύ των ατόμων με αιμορραγική διάθεση (26%), σε σύγκριση με τους άνδρες και τους ασθενείς χωρίς διαταραχές πήξεως, αντίστοιχα. Επιπλέον, το μεταδιασεισικό σύνδρομο παρατηρήθηκε σε υψηλότερα ποσοστά σε ανθρώπους που υπέστησαν επίθεση ή κακοποίηση, σε σύγκριση με άλλου είδους ατυχήματα καθώς και σε ασθενείς με μετατραυματική ανοσμία. .
Συμπεράσματα: Τα αποτελέσματά μας βρίσκονται σε αντίθεση με προηγούμενες μελέτες άλλων ανεπτυγμένων χωρών, όπου η συχνότητα εμφάνισης του μεταδιασεισικού συνδρόμου ήταν αξιοσημείωτα υψηλή. Οι πολιτιστικές διαφορές όσον αφορά στα προσδοκώμενα συμπτώματα μετά την κάκωση, οι διαφορές στο νομικό πλαίσιο και το ασφαλιστικό καθεστώς μεταξύ των χωρών και η έλλειψη αξίωσης αποζημίωσης, θα μπορούσαν να εξηγήσουν το χαμηλό ποσοστό των χρόνιων συμπτωμάτων στους Έλληνες.
Από όσο είμαστε σε θέση να γνωρίζουμε, αυτή είναι η πρώτη προοπτική μελέτη για τον καθορισμό της επίπτωσης του μεταδιασεισικού συνδρόμου σε Έλληνες ενήλικες και η πρώτη που καταγράφει δημογραφικά στοιχεία και παραμέτρους που να αφορούν αποκλειστικά στις ελαφρές κρανιοεγκεφαλικές κακώσεις.
Τα συμπεράσματα αυτά , εάν επιβεβαιωθούν από μεγαλύτερες σειρές, θα μπορούσαν να εγείρουν ερωτήματα , όπως π.χ. ποιοι ασθενείς πάσχουν πραγματικά και εάν θα μπορούσε να αποφευχθεί η απουσία τους από την εργασία, μιας και το κόστος της χαμένης παραγωγικότητας λόγω του μεταδιασεισικού συνδρόμου στις ανεπτυγμένες χώρες φαίνεται να είναι ιδιαίτερα υψηλό. / The prevalence of postconcussion syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury in developed countries varies from 40% to 80% during the first weeks after injury. However, as many as 50% of patients report symptoms for up to 3 months and 10-15% of them for more than a year. Mild head injuries and postconcussion syndrome represent a very serious public health issue, as estimates of occupational disability range from 12% at 2 months to 20% at 1 year, with severe concomitant social and financial impact. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics and estimate the prevalence of postconcussion syndrome in an adult Greek population and to reveal demographics and injury characteristics concerning exclusively mild head injuries in the same cohort.
Material-Methods: This prospective study was undertaken in the University Hospital of Patras in Western Greece. Recruitment of patients with mild traumatic brain injury began on May 2006 and finished on May 2008. Five hundred and thirty nine patients (539) with mild head injury were randomly recruited. Overall, 223 patients (223/539: 41,5%) (male 63% and female 37%) met the inclusion criteria of the ΄΄Colorado Medical Society Guidelines΄΄ for concussion, with median age 30 years (range: 18.5-57.5). The patients had a follow-up through telephone interviews at 1, 3 and 6 months post-injury and were asked about having any of the common postconcussion symptoms (ICD-10 criteria).
Results: The rate of postconcussion syndrome at the end of the first, third and sixth month post-injury, was estimated at 10.3%, 6%, and 0.9%, respectively, which was 4-8 time less than other studies. Postconcussion syndrome was found to be more frequent among women (17%) and among individuals with bleeding diathesis (26%), compared with men and patients without clotting disorders, respectively. In addition, postconcussion syndrome affected in higher rates people who sustained assaults in comparison with other types of accident and was also more frequent among patients with posttraumatic anosmia.
Conclusions: Our results are in contrast with previous studies in other developed countries, where the prevalence of the postconcussion syndrome was remarkably higher. The cultural differences regarding symptom expectation and the lack of compensation might explain the low rate of chronic symptoms in Greeks.
To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to estimate the prevalence of postconcussion syndrome among Greek adults and also the first trial in recording demographics and injury characteristics concerning exclusively mild head injuries in the same cohort.
If further studies confirm our results in the future, reasonable queries could emerge, such as which patients really do suffer and whether their absence from work could have been avoided, as the cost of the lost productive work time after mild head injuries is extremely high.
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The WASI as a Screening Tool for Counselors in the Referral Decision for a Neuropsychological EvaluationSnowden, Marie Dillon 08 1900 (has links)
When a client has cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral dysfunction (CD) that goes undiagnosed and, therefore, untreated, psychotherapy and rehabilitation outcome is likely to be impacted negatively. Due primarily to managed care, screening for CD has reduced substantially. Master's level counselors need a cost-efficient way to detect possible CD and, thus, justify referral for neuropsychological evaluation. This study examined the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) instrument's ability to screen for possible CD by examining the relationship between a) WASI Performance IQ (PIQ) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) scores and neuropsychological test scores, and b) the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy and the severity of disability. In this retrospective study, test scores were extrapolated from neuropsychological assessments conducted between 2001 and 2004 on 73 CD-diagnosed adults at a CARF accredited rehabilitation facility. Disability severity ratings of mild, moderate, and severe were assigned based on clinical judgment and interrater agreement. The assessment battery included the WASI and several neuropsychological tests: Halstead-Reitan TPT, TMT-A and B, and FOT; WMS-III VR-I and 2, LM-1 and 2, and MC; McCarron-Dial HVDT; SDMT; and SCT. Based upon a multitrait-multimethod matrix, mild to moderate convergent and discriminant validity was found with the WASI VIQ and PIQ traits among neuropsychological verbal and performance measures. Statistically, the SCT, TMT-A, and HVDT-right shape were most predictive of the PIQ, and the WMS-III LM-2 and MC were most predictive of the VIQ. VIQ-PIQ discrepancy did not predict severity of disability, but IQ means and subtest scores between the mild and severe groups were significantly different. Results indicated that WASI VIQ-PIQ discrepancy did not detect CD. However, WASI subtest scores of 40 or lower may justify further evaluation of potential CD. Contrary to the WASI manual, Similarities and Block Design rather than Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning subtest scores may be more predictive of CD. This author suggested that counselors administer the WASI, SCT, and TMT-A as a time efficient screening method for CD.
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