Tyrimo tikslas: atlikti pieno gamybos ūkio analizę ūkininkės Vidos Butkevičienės pienininkystės ūkio pagrindu, išaiškinti privalumus ir trūkumus, pateikti pasiūlymus pieno gamybos technologijai ūkyje tobulinti. Tyrimo uždaviniai: apžvelgti pieno gamybos technologijas Lietuvoje. Išanalizuoti karvių produktyvumą įtakojančius veiksnius ūkininkės ūkyje. Apibendrinti tyrimo rezultatus, pateikti išvadas ir pasiūlymus. Gauti darbo rezultatai: išanalizavus literatūros duomenis ir Prienų rajono gyvulių laikymo ir melžimo technologijas, matome, kad plačiausiai paplitęs pririštų galvijų laikymas, tik nedidelėje dalyje ūkių taikomas palaidų galvijų laikymo būdas. Melžiama mechanizuotai ir rankomis. Melžiama stovėjimo vietose į pieno linijas arba i pieno melžtuves. Pasirinktos ūkininkės ūkyje karvės laikomos pririštos rekonstruotame 200 vietų tvarte, melžiama į pieno linijas, yra įrengtas modernus pieno blokas, naudojama DeLaval firmos moderni melžimo įranga.. Prieauglis laikomas atskiroje patalpoje. Ūkininkė apsirūpinusi šiuolaikiška pašarų ruošimo technika, gyvuliai šeriami subalansuotais pilnaverčiais pašarais. Ūkyje atliekama gyvulių produktyvumo kontrolės apskaita. Karvių produktyvumo kontrolė pradėta 1994 m. Sėkmingas modernaus pieno ūkio tvarkymas yra pagrįstas galvijų bandos reprodukcijos duomenų registravimu, bei smulkia analize. Tokiu būdu gaunama informacija ūkininkui padeda geriau orientuotis ūkio valdyme, bei galvijų reprodukcijos tvarkymo srityje. Tai ir pastebima šiame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Analysis aim: to maik and analysis of milk production in a farm of Vida Butkevičienė on basis of dairy – farm, to find out advantages and disadvantages, to give ofers to improve the milk production technologies in a farm. Analysis task: to overlook milk production technologies in Lithuania.To analyse factor in a farm, which influence cows produktivity. To summarize analysis rezults, make conclutions and give offers. Work results: While analysing literature informatikon, livestock keeping and milking technologies in Prienai district we can see that the most common is bound livestock keeping and loose way is applicable just in small part of farms. Milking is mechanic and by hand. Milking is done in standing places and to a milk lines or milker. In chosen farm cows are bound in reconstrukted cattle – shed of 200 places, milking is done in lines. There is a modern milk block and a modern DeLaval firm milking mechanism. Young calves are keeped in a seperate place. Farmer have a modern forage technology, livestock is feed by balanced valuable forage. Accounting of livestock productivitycontrol is made in farm which is starte din 1994. Succesful regulation of modern milk farm is reasoned on registration of livestock herd reproductivity informatikon and detailed analysis. This information helps farmer to orient in farm control and livestock reproduction administration area. It is noted in this farm.

A cross sectional study of 22 commercial free stall farms was conducted to investigate associations between feeding and housing practices, ration variability, and measures of productivity of group-housed dairy cows. Farms were visited for 7 consecutive days in both summer and winter to collect measures related to management, milk production, environment, and ration characteristics. Feeding 2x/d compared to 1x/d was associated with greater group-average milk yield, DMI and less sorting against long particles. Provision of increased feed bunk space was associated with increased milk fat% and lower group-average SCC. Higher daily variability in energy content and % long particles in the ration was associated with lower group-average milk yield and efficiency of milk production. Overall, these results suggest that herd-level feeding and housing practices which increase access to consistent feed can improve group-level productivity and ultimately improve herd profitability. / Dairy Farmers of Ontario, Canadian Dairy Commission, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, OMAFRA, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund

This thesis compares growth and behaviour of domestic sows and piglets in confined pens versus get-away pens (where sows could leave their fitters at will), to ask whether parent-offspring conflict occurs, whether it increases with offspring age, whether it involves offspring access to the udder, and whether it affects animal production or welfare. Parent-offspring conflict occurs in domestic pigs: piglets of Confined sows suckled more and ate less solid food but grew at the same rate as piglets from Get-away sows, indicating they obtained more milk. Confined sows lost more weight than Get-away sows and returned to oestrus later, indicating a fitness cost of providing the additional milk. Parent-offspring conflict increased with piglet age: as the fitter aged, Get-away sows spent more time away from their young and the differences between Get-away sows and Confined sows in weight loss and nursing frequency increased. In Get-away sows, the reduction in contact with their young occurred rapidly, but its timing varied greatly among individual sows. Behavioural conflict over access to the udder is a plausible mechanism by which conflict is expressed in swine: piglets from Confined pens spent more time nuzzling the udder than piglets of Get-away sows. Piglets from Get-away sows nuzzled the udder a higher proportion of the time when the sow was present than piglets from Confined sows. Get-away sows terminated more nursings than Confined sows thus limiting the amount of contact piglets had with the udder after nursing. Mowing sows to control maternal provisioning improved productivity: there was a slight benefit of reduced time to the next oestrus for Get-away sows. Piglets from Get-away sows gained more weight and consumed more food after weaning than piglets from Confined sows. There was only slight evidence that get-away pens reduced behavioural indicators of post-weaning stress (e.g., movements, vocalizations, response to playback of vocalizations) for either the pi

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental fat from flaxseed (FL) on fatty acid (FA) profile, chemical composition, energy value of colostrum and milk, and litter performance. On day 107 of gestation a total of 59 large white sows were selected, blocked by parity and randomly allotted to one of three diets, 15% flaxseed (FL), 10% fullfat soybean (SB) or a control commercial (CO) diet containing corn and soybean meal. Diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but differed in fat content and FA composition. Colostrum and milk were collected soon after farrowing and on day 7, respectively, for fatty acid and chemical analysis. Dietary treatments did not affect sow feed consumption, weight loss, number of live pig born and weaned per litter. Similarly, pig birth weights, and day 7, 14, and 21 weights did not differ among treatment groups. FL significantly (p < 0.05) increased linolenic (LNA C18:3co3) and decreased palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids in colostrum. FL also significantly (p < 0.001) increased LNA and arachidonic acid (C20:4) in milk, while it decreased myristic (C14:0), palmitic and palmitoleic (C16:1) acids. Chemical analysis showed no significant differences in total solids (TS) and energy value of colostrum while a significant (p < 0.05) increase in TS, fat concentration and energy value was observed in milk from FL. A total of 335 piglets were used in the plasma study of lipid metabolites. Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and glucose were not affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). Feeding FL to sows during late gestation and lactation enriches sow milk and piglets with LNA.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1956. / Typescript (carbon copy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-74).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1963. / Typescript (carbon copy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-43).

Com o objetivo de determinar a influência dos sistemas de produção e de alimentação sobre as características do leite, dados coletados de produtores de leite do sul do Brasil e de experimentos sobre níveis de restrição alimentar e de atendimento das exigências energéticas de vacas em lactação foram submetidos à análise de fatores principais, de correlação e médias canônicas, agrupamento e comparação de médias dos grupos. Os atributos estudados comuns em todos os sistemas foram produção leiteira diária, componentes lácteos, estabilidade do leite, peso corporal e escore de condição corporal. Na análise dos sistemas de produção, três grupos de produtores foram formados pela análise de agrupamento, com características de sistemas especializados, semi-especializados e não especializados em ambas as regiões avaliadas. Grupos de produtores especializados produziam leite em conformidade com as especificações da Instrução Normativa Nº 62. Enquanto que para os produtores da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, as estratégias de alimentação foram determinantes para distinção entre os grupos de produtores, no extremo oeste de Santa Catarina a estrutura das propriedades foi mais determinante. Níveis de restrição severos (40 e 50%) alteraram significativamente a produção leiteira diária, os teores de proteína e lactose e a estabilidade do leite. O atendimento das exigências energéticas para vacas em lactação possui uma relação direta com a produção diária de leite, com o teor da lactose e com a estabilidade do leite. A produção leiteira, os componentes lácteos e a estabilidade do leite diferenciam-se entre os sistemas de produção e alimentação. / Aiming to determine the influence of production and feeding systems on milk characteristics, data collected from dairy producers in southern Brazil and experiments on levels of feed restriction and attendance of the energy requirements of lactating cows were subjected to principal factor, correlation and means canonical, cluster analysis and comparison of means between groups. The variables common to all systems were daily milk production, milk components contents, ethanol stability, body weight and body condition score. In the analysis of production systems, three producers groups were formed by cluster analysis, with characteristics of specialized, semi-specialized and unspecialized systems in both regions evaluated. Groups of specialized dairy farmers produced milk in accordance with Normative Instruction Nº 62. While for the producers in southern Rio Grande do Sul, the feeding strategies were crucial to distinguish groups, at the far west of Santa Catarina structure of the properties was more important. Severe feed restriction levels (40 and 50%) altered significantly the daily milk yield, protein and lactose contents and ethanol stability. Attendance of the energy requirements for lactating cows showed a direct relationship with the daily milk production, content of lactose and milk stability. Milk production, milk components and milk stability are different between production and feeding systems.

The purpose of this study is the production milk in the agricultural company. The subject of research is the selected agricultural company thas has been active in milk production in the South Bohemia. First of all, the cost efficiency of milk production was examined. Then the market price of milk from 2007 to 2013. It was found that the agricultural company produced the most of feed mostly itself, however in the first years of research this production was not effective. The necessary feed savings were achieved in 2013 due to a better feed utilisation and a selection of feed suppliers which the company was not able to make itself. The market price of milk from 2007 to 2013 fluctuated significantly and was formed by the main events in the world market where milk demand was determined by China and Southeast Asian countries. Since 2009 the market price of milk has been increasing steadily and this situation has created a good environment for enterprises like the chosen one.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects selected for milk production, fertility and longevity in dairy herd of Holstein cattle (RED). Data processing for the thesis was collected from cows that ended the lactation period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013, ie during the previous inspection year. From the reports were selected information on lactation, genotype, milk yield, meantime, service period, due to retirement, days of lactation and age at first calving for each cow separately. By tracking and a total of 274 cows Holstein cattle (RED) genotypes R1 (R88% or more), R2 (R76% - 87%) and R3 (R51% - 75%). There were statistically significant differences (P <0,05) milk yield of dairy cows with genotype R3, divided by lactation. When the third lactation had the highest yields (8,520 kg of milk). In the thesis was relationship between age at first calving and lifetime performance (rxy = -0,21). The relationship between age at first calving and age at retirement wasn´t demonstrated. Other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The highest yield of dairy cows in the investigated group reached the second lactation (7571 kg of milk). The average time of insemination interval was 71 days, best service period amounted to dairy cows on the third and higher lactation (107 days). The average length of the interim reporting for dairy herd does not exceed the limit of 400 days. Shortest age at first calving cows reached genotype R1 and R2 (777 days). Longevity culled dairy cows in lactation was 2,8.

Orientador: Sandra Aidar de Queiroz / Coorientador: Jose Giacomo Baccarin / Banca: Antonio Lázaro Sant'Ana / Banca: Rosemeire Aparecida Scopinho / Banca: Regina Aparecida Leite de Camargo / Banca: Maria Inez Espagnoli Geraldo Martins / Resumo: O Estado de São Paulo, em 2010, foi responsável pela produção de 1,60 bilhão de litros de leite. Essa produção coloca o estado na sexta posição em relação aos maiores produtores do Brasil. O volume produzido atualmente é próximo ao produzido no ano de 1978, quando foram registrados os mesmos 1,58 bilhão de litros. Atualmente o estado representa apenas 5,23% da produção nacional. Essa perda de importância do estado ocorre pelo aumento crescente da produção brasileira e pela estagnação e redução da produção paulista. Em dez anos, a produção leiteira do Brasil evoluiu 64,35%, o contrário do que ocorreu com São Paulo que apresentou queda de 13,74%. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um panorama socioeconômico da produção leiteira, produzir análises referentes ao fornecimento de matéria prima e à industrialização de produtos no período de 1997 a 2010 e analisar as mudanças recentes nas estruturas de gastos e consumo de leite e derivados das famílias do estado de São Paulo. Os dados utilizados para a pesquisa foram séries históricas provenientes da Pesquisa Produção da Pecuária Municipal, Censo Agropecuário, Pesquisa Trimestral do Leite e Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares, todas produzidas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Com a análise dos resultados foi possível observar que, tendo em vista o alto grau de desenvolvimento empresarial da agricultura em São Paulo, a pecuária leiteira precisaria de um desenvolvimento técnico e econômico elevado para sobreviver diante do desenvolvimento de outras culturas, o que de certa forma pode diferenciar o complexo agroindustrial do leite em São Paulo dos outros estados brasileiros. A desregulamentação econômica e abertura comercial tiveram influência na forma como se configurou o complexo agroindustrial... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sao Paulo State in 2010 was responsible for the production of 1.60 billion liters of milk. This production places the state in the sixth position in relation to the major producers in Brazil. The volume produced nowadays is close to that produced in 1978, when were recorded 1.58 billion liters. Currently, the state represents only 5.23% of the national production. This loss occurs by production increasing in Brazil and the stagnation and production reduction in São Paulo. In ten years, milk production in Brazil increased 64.35%, opposite to the observed with São Paulo presenting decline of 13.74%. So, this study aimed to show a socio-economic scenery of milk production, to produce analyzes for the supply of raw materials and the product manufacture from 1997 to 2010 and analyze the recent changes in the structure of spending and consumption of milk and dairy products of families in Sao Paulo state. The data used for the study were historical series from Municipal Livestock Production Research, Agricultural Census, Milk Quarterly Survey and Family Budget Research, all produced by the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute - IBGE. With the analysis of results, it was observed that, in view of the high degree of business development of agriculture in Sao Paulo, dairy farming would need a high economic and technical development to survive front of the development of other cultures, which somehow can differentiate the milk agroindustrial complex in Sao Paulo from other Brazilian states. The economic deregulation and the trade liberalization influenced as the milk agroindustrial complex was configured in the state and it was possible to observe that, by insisting on the idea that the best public policy is simply let the market operate freely, it was also responsible for sudden drops in production. In relation to income and food... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor