Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao flavio pereira.pdf: 1203680 bytes, checksum: bcaf62e9eb5545119172fb4728bdaaee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Raw milk is a natural culture medium for the microbial growth and easy deterioration, because of that, thermal processing is needed as soon as possible. A new technology has been used to improve the food quality, active packaging, such as antimicrobial films, wich the intention to control the microbial growth in the products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the UHT milk quality produced in Goiás State, isolation and identification of Bacillus sporothermodurans, beside create a antimicrobial film for inhibition of this microrganism high heat resistance spore former. The isolation of psychrotrophic in raw milk was used PCA with incubation at 21 °C for 72h. To evaluate the UHT milk has been doing research on aerobic mesophilic in PCA with incubation at 30 °C for 72h and to thermoresistents microrganisms was in ABHI with incubation at 35 °C for 48h. The identification of isolates was performed according to convetional methods of biochemistry identification. From raw milk, the psychrotrophic microrganisms most isolates were Staphylococcus sp. and Corynebacterium sp., both with 21,5% from 70 isolates, verifying a higher contauge of Gram-positive microrganisms (82,85%). Considering the 157 UHT isolates, just 31 were identified as Gram-positive microrganisms through biochemical tests, only 2 correponded to B. sporothermodurans, although there are differences from the tests and their results between various authors, requiring more accurate identification using molecular biology. The antimicrobial film maded of cellulose acetate with addition of nisin to inhibit the development of B. sporothermodurans, the results indicated action of nisin in inhibition this microrganism, however, when incorporated into the film, did not show the expected results in both tests, solid and liquid medium, although the specific rate (μ) growth of the microrganism was changing iin the lowest concentration tested. There is a need to conduct testing in foods, mainly in dairy products which have been reported contamination by B. sporothermodurans. / O leite por ser um alimento rico, constituí-se em um meio natural para o desenvolvimento de vários microrganismos, principalmente bactérias; desta forma, muito perecível. É necessário tratamento térmico o mais rápido possível, a fim de manter a qualidade. Uma nova tecnologia vem sendo utilizada na melhoria dos alimentos, denominada de embalagem ativa, como os filmes antimicrobianos, na intenção de controlar o desenvolvimento microbiano no produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar a qualidade de leite UAT produzido no Estado de Goiás, assim como isolar e identificar microrganismos psicrotróficos de leite cru e microrganismos de leite UAT, sendo que para este direcionado para identificação de Bacillus sporothermodurans, bem como criação de filme antimicrobiano para inibição deste microrganismo produtor de esporos altamente resistentes. Para o isolamento de psicrotróficos em leite cru, foi utilizado PCA e incubação à 21°C por 72h. Para avaliação de qualidade do leite UAT, foi feito a pesquisa de aeróbios mesófilos em PCA com incubação à 30°C por 72h e o isolamento de microrganismos termorresistentes foi realizado em ABHI com incubação a 35°C por 48h. A identificação dos isolados foi realizada conforme metodologias clássicas de identificação bioquímica. Segundo esta identificação, os microrganismos psicrotróficos mais isolado foram Staphylococcus sp. e Corynebacterium sp. com 21,5% cada, dos 70 isolados, verificando uma percentagem maior de microrganismos Gram-positivos (82,85%). Considerando os isolados de leite UHT, dos 157, apenas 31 foram identificados como sendo bastonetes Gram-positivos que submetidos a testes bioquímicos, apenas 2 corresponderam ao B. sporothermodurans seguindo-se os resultados conforme registrado, apesar de haver divergências quanto a alguns testes e seus resultados, necessitando de identificação mais apurada utilizando-se de biologia molecular. Quanto ao filme antimicrobiano a base polimérica utilizada foi o acetato de celulose com incorporação de nisina, a fim de inibir o desenvolvimento do B. sporothermodurans com o intuito de verificar a ação deste peptídeo antimicrobiano frente a este microrganismo. Os resultados obtidos indicaram ação da nisina na inibição do microrganismo estudado, no entanto, quando incorporado ao filme, não apresentou o resultado esperado, tanto em testes em meio sólido como em meio líquido, apesar de ter alterando a velocidade específica (μ) de crescimento do microrganismo na concentração mais baixa testada. Há a necessidade de realização de teste em alimentos, especialmente em leite e derivados em que foram relatados a contaminação pelo B. sporothermodurans

This thesis focuses on the significance of blood and the perception of the body in both learned and popular culture in order to investigate problems of identity and social exclusion in early modern Europe. Starting from the view of blood as a liminal matter, manifesting fertile, positive aspects in conjunction with dangerous, negative ones, I show how it was believed to attract supernatural forces within the natural world. It could empower or pollute, restore health or waste corporeal and spiritual existence. While this theme has been studied in a medieval religious context and by anthropologists, its relevance during the early modern period has not been explored. I argue that, considering the impact of the Reformation on people’s mentalities, studying the way in which ideas regarding blood and the body changed from late medieval times to the eighteenth century can provide new insights about patterns of social and religious tensions, such as the witch-trials and persecutions. In this regard the thesis engages with anthropological theories, comparing the dialectic between blood and body with that between identity and society, demonstrating that they both spread from the conflict of life with death, leading to the social embodiment or to the rejection of an individual. A comparative approach is also employed to analyze blood symbolism in Protestant and Catholic countries, and to discuss how beliefs were influenced by both cultural similarities and religious differences. Combining historical sources, such as witches’ confessions, with appropriate examples from anthropology I also examine a corpus of popular ideas, which resisted to theological and learned notions or slowly merged with them. Blood had different meanings for different sections of society, embodying both the physical struggle for life and the spiritual value of the Christian soul. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 develop the dualism of the fluid in late medieval and early modern ritual murder accusations against Jews, European witchcraft and supernatural beliefs and in the medical and philosophical knowledge, while chapters 5 and 6 focus on blood themes in Protestant England and in Counter-Reformation Italy. Through the examination of blood in these contexts I hope to demonstrate that contrasting feelings, fears and beliefs related to dangerous or extraordinary individuals, such as Jews, witches, and Catholic saints, but also superhuman beings such as fairies, vampires and werewolves, were rooted in the perception of the body as an unstable substance, that was at the base of ethnic, religious and gender stereotypes.