Four experiments were conducted to evaluate different technologies and supplementation strategies that may impact beef cattle production in the Northern Great Plains. Our overarching hypothesis was that we can enhance beef cattle performance and production through strategic supplementation of energy and minerals. In experiment 1, steers were fitted with transmission beacons on collars to determine effects of preweaning creep feeder attendance influences on post-weaning performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics. Calves that visited creep feeders more frequently spent more time eating and ate more meals during the first 28 d of the finishing period. In experiment 2, we utilized electronic feeders to monitor mineral intake of cow-calf pairs and found that HIGH (>90 g/d; average 125.4 g/d) intake cows and calves spent more time at the mineral feeder than their LOW (<90 g/d; average 33.5 g/d) intake counterparts. Furthermore, we noted greater concentrations of Se, Cu, and Co in livers of HIGH intake cows compared to LOW intake cows. In experiment 3, we evaluated a slow-release vitamin and mineral bolus in feedlot heifers which failed to influence heifer performance, liver mineral concentrations or carcass characteristics. Overall, heifers performed as expected while on a finishing diet from feeds sourced in the Northern Great Plains. In experiment 4, we further utilized the SmartFeed system to control intake of individual heifers assigned to different treatments in a group pasture scenario. Our results clearly show that the feed controlling portion can be used for precision feeding of individuals in extensive group managed scenarios. Though heifers had similar BW and ADG among treatment groups, treatments that provided supplemental mineral enhanced liver concentrations of Se, Fe, Cu, and Co. Furthermore, the CowManager system was able to detect divergence in highly active behavior among treatment groups, but also reported many false health and estrus-related alerts. Overall, we were able to successfully monitor individual mineral intakes in cow-calf pairs and report differences in energy and mineral supplement intakes in heifers grazing native range. We were also able to corroborate differences in supplement intakes with changes in concentrations of mineral in the liver of animals. / North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES) Precision Agriculture Fund; North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Education Graduate Research Assistantship

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 saldanha_espb_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 502334 bytes, checksum: 959bbdcce3fa0797249485047d5f1035 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade óssea de poedeiras semi-pesadas no segundo ciclo produtivo alimentadas com fontes e níveis de microminerais. Para isto, 360 poedeiras com 72 semanas de idade foram submetidas a muda forçada pelo método convencional. Após o retorno à produção de ovos (83 semanas de idade), as aves foram selecionadas e alojadas de acordo com um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves cada uma. O tratamento controle foi constituído de suplementação à dieta de 0,10 % de uma fonte de microminerais inorgânicos, a qual foi substituída proporcionalmente por cinco níveis (110, 100, 90, 80 e 70%) de um complexo de microminerais com 30; 30; 40; 6; 0,61 e 0,3 g/kg do produto de Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, I e Se, respectivamente. Todas as dietas eram isoprotéicas, isoenergéticas e isoaminoacídicas. Os resultados de desempenho (peso corporal, % de produção de ovos, massa de ovos, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar), incidência de mortalidade e as características ósseas (resistência à quebra, % de cinzas, % de Ca e % de P das tíbias) foram avaliados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Não foi observado nenhum efeito dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho, mortalidade ou características ósseas das poedeiras. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o nível de 70% de microminerais orgânicos pode substituir 100% de microminerais inorgânicos suplementado na dieta de poedeiras semi-pesadas no segundo ciclo produtivo sem alterar a produtividade e características ósseas. / The study aimed to evaluate post-induced molting performance and bone mineralization of semi-heavy laying hens submitted to diets with different sources and levels of microminerals. 360 layers aged 72-w-old were subjected to conventional induced molting. After returning to production (83-w-old), the layers were selected and allotted in a completely randomized design of six treatments and six replicates of ten birds each one. Control treatment consisted of 0.10% inclusion of inorganic micromineral (IM) premix (100% of IM) to diet (control treatment), which was proportionally replaced with five levels (110, 100, 90 , 80 and 70%) of organic micromineral complex (OM) composed of 30; 30; 40; 6; 0.61; and 0.3 g/kg of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, I, and Se, respectively. All diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic and isoaminoacidic. Layer performance (body weight, % production and mass of eggs, feed intake, and feed conversion), % mortality, and bone characteristics (breaking strength, % ash, % Ca, and % P of tibiae) results were tested by ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% of significance. No effect of any treatment upon performance, mortality and bone characteristics of the semi-heavy layers were here observed. Results indicate that the lowest level of OM supplementation (70% of IM level) can replace 100% of IM in the diet of semi-heavy laying hens in the second cycle of egg production without any negative effect upon productive and bone characteristics.

Orientador: Edivaldo Antonio Garcia / Banca: Ariel Antonio Mendes / Banca: Ricardo Albuquerque / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Valquíria Cação / Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade óssea de poedeiras semi-pesadas no segundo ciclo produtivo alimentadas com fontes e níveis de microminerais. Para isto, 360 poedeiras com 72 semanas de idade foram submetidas a muda forçada pelo método convencional. Após o retorno à produção de ovos (83 semanas de idade), as aves foram selecionadas e alojadas de acordo com um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves cada uma. O tratamento controle foi constituído de suplementação à dieta de 0,10 % de uma fonte de microminerais inorgânicos, a qual foi substituída proporcionalmente por cinco níveis (110, 100, 90, 80 e 70%) de um complexo de microminerais com 30; 30; 40; 6; 0,61 e 0,3 g/kg do produto de Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, I e Se, respectivamente. Todas as dietas eram isoprotéicas, isoenergéticas e isoaminoacídicas. Os resultados de desempenho (peso corporal, % de produção de ovos, massa de ovos, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar), incidência de mortalidade e as características ósseas (resistência à quebra, % de cinzas, % de Ca e % de P das tíbias) foram avaliados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Não foi observado nenhum efeito dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho, mortalidade ou características ósseas das poedeiras. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o nível de 70% de microminerais orgânicos pode substituir 100% de microminerais inorgânicos suplementado na dieta de poedeiras semi-pesadas no segundo ciclo produtivo sem alterar a produtividade e características ósseas. / Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate post-induced molting performance and bone mineralization of semi-heavy laying hens submitted to diets with different sources and levels of microminerals. 360 layers aged 72-w-old were subjected to conventional induced molting. After returning to production (83-w-old), the layers were selected and allotted in a completely randomized design of six treatments and six replicates of ten birds each one. Control treatment consisted of 0.10% inclusion of inorganic micromineral (IM) premix (100% of IM) to diet (control treatment), which was proportionally replaced with five levels (110, 100, 90 , 80 and 70%) of organic micromineral complex (OM) composed of 30; 30; 40; 6; 0.61; and 0.3 g/kg of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, I, and Se, respectively. All diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic and isoaminoacidic. Layer performance (body weight, % production and mass of eggs, feed intake, and feed conversion), % mortality, and bone characteristics (breaking strength, % ash, % Ca, and % P of tibiae) results were tested by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% of significance. No effect of any treatment upon performance, mortality and bone characteristics of the semi-heavy layers were here observed. Results indicate that the lowest level of OM supplementation (70% of IM level) can replace 100% of IM in the diet of semi-heavy laying hens in the second cycle of egg production without any negative effect upon productive and bone characteristics. / Doutor

Quatrocentos e trinta bovinos de corte em crescimento (peso vivo inicial médio de 250 kg) foram alocados de acordo com o sexo e raça em 3 blocos completos, contendo 3 tratamentos, num total de 9 parcelas experimentais. Semanalmente avaliou-se o consumo de um suplemento mineral controle (TC = Nutron PROBEEF 60), e dois suplementos medicados com monensina sódica (TR = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm de monensina sódica na forma de Rumensin 200 e TM = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm de monensina sódica em veículo especial da ELANCO SAÙDE ANIMAL). Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem de gramíneas tropicais, sob lotação contínua. O consumo de suplemento também foi estimado individualmente em cada animal por 4 ocasiões a intervalos de 28 dias, utilizando-se lítio como marcador sanguíneo. A adição de monensina sódica ou Rumensin reduziu o consumo médio de suplemento pelo rebanho (TC=56,9g/cab/dia, TR=27,5g/cab/dia, TM=36,1g/cab/dia, P<0,05). Os tratamentos aditivados com monensina apresentaram menor consumo médio (P<0,01), menor quantidade consumida por visita ao cocho (P<0,01), menor freqüência de visitas (P<0,01) e menor probabilidade de consumo do suplemento (P<0,01). / A four hundred thirty growing beef cattle (250 kg initial live weight) were allocated by gender and breed in three complete blocks, comprising three treatments, in a total of nine plots. Weekly there were made intake evaluations of the control plot with mineral supplement (TC = Nutron PROBEEF 60), and of the two with monensin supplements added (TR = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm monensin sodium as Rumensin 200 and TM = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm monensin sodium in a special medium made by ELANCO ANIMAL HEALTH). The animals were maintained in tropical grasslands under continuous stocking. The individual intake was estimated in four occasions with a twenty eight days interval, using lithium as blood marker. The addition of monensin sodium or Rumensin reduced the mean intake of supplement by the herd. (TC=56,9g/head/day, TR=27,5g/head/day, TM=36,1g/head/day, P<0,05). The treatments with added monensin showed reduced mean intake (P<0,01), reduced amount consumed per trough visit (P<0,01) reduced visit frequency (P<0,01) and reduced the probability of intake (P<0,01).

Quatrocentos e trinta bovinos de corte em crescimento (peso vivo inicial médio de 250 kg) foram alocados de acordo com o sexo e raça em 3 blocos completos, contendo 3 tratamentos, num total de 9 parcelas experimentais. Semanalmente avaliou-se o consumo de um suplemento mineral controle (TC = Nutron PROBEEF 60), e dois suplementos medicados com monensina sódica (TR = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm de monensina sódica na forma de Rumensin 200 e TM = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm de monensina sódica em veículo especial da ELANCO SAÙDE ANIMAL). Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem de gramíneas tropicais, sob lotação contínua. O consumo de suplemento também foi estimado individualmente em cada animal por 4 ocasiões a intervalos de 28 dias, utilizando-se lítio como marcador sanguíneo. A adição de monensina sódica ou Rumensin reduziu o consumo médio de suplemento pelo rebanho (TC=56,9g/cab/dia, TR=27,5g/cab/dia, TM=36,1g/cab/dia, P<0,05). Os tratamentos aditivados com monensina apresentaram menor consumo médio (P<0,01), menor quantidade consumida por visita ao cocho (P<0,01), menor freqüência de visitas (P<0,01) e menor probabilidade de consumo do suplemento (P<0,01). / A four hundred thirty growing beef cattle (250 kg initial live weight) were allocated by gender and breed in three complete blocks, comprising three treatments, in a total of nine plots. Weekly there were made intake evaluations of the control plot with mineral supplement (TC = Nutron PROBEEF 60), and of the two with monensin supplements added (TR = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm monensin sodium as Rumensin 200 and TM = Nutron PROBEEF 60 + 1500 ppm monensin sodium in a special medium made by ELANCO ANIMAL HEALTH). The animals were maintained in tropical grasslands under continuous stocking. The individual intake was estimated in four occasions with a twenty eight days interval, using lithium as blood marker. The addition of monensin sodium or Rumensin reduced the mean intake of supplement by the herd. (TC=56,9g/head/day, TR=27,5g/head/day, TM=36,1g/head/day, P<0,05). The treatments with added monensin showed reduced mean intake (P<0,01), reduced amount consumed per trough visit (P<0,01) reduced visit frequency (P<0,01) and reduced the probability of intake (P<0,01).

This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing whether the ingestion of a Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium would be efficacious in reducing stress. Tlrree hundred subjects who were suffering from stress were selected in Gauteng and Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. The selection was based on a stress questionnaire. The subjects took a battery of tests and questionnaires to assess the level ofthe stress they were experiencing. A 30 day supply of effeiVescent tablets was given to all subjects - half placebos and half the vitamin supplement. These were randomly allocated. At the end of30 days a further battery oftests were administered. The results were statistically analysed. It was found that both the placebo and the vitamin supplement proved beneficial but the Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium had a greater effect in reducing and helping to manage stress. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing whether the ingestion of a Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium would be efficacious in reducing stress. Tlrree hundred subjects who were suffering from stress were selected in Gauteng and Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. The selection was based on a stress questionnaire. The subjects took a battery of tests and questionnaires to assess the level ofthe stress they were experiencing. A 30 day supply of effeiVescent tablets was given to all subjects - half placebos and half the vitamin supplement. These were randomly allocated. At the end of30 days a further battery oftests were administered. The results were statistically analysed. It was found that both the placebo and the vitamin supplement proved beneficial but the Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium had a greater effect in reducing and helping to manage stress. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)