Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The Presbyterian Church in Australia, and in particular in the State of New South Wales, experienced a major disruption in 1977 with the formation of the Uniting Church of Australia. Since that time, under the influence of a revival of Puritan theology, the historic liturgical practices of the Church have been minimised to the point that older people such as myself no longer recognise many of the contemporary worship practices as Presbyterian. John Calvin’s notion of worship in which the worshipper is confronted with God’s unspeakable Majesty and Otherness, the divine transcendence of which leaves the soul awestruck and in a deep sense of humility has given way to informality and the absence of symbol. In what follows I shall argue that given this monumental paradigm shift the Church is facing a monumental crisis in its theological and philosophical assumptions. The awful tragedy is that there are many current ministers who are not aware that there is anything wrong. The crisis I allude to is changing the very nature of traditional Presbyterianism. Future generations will see this crisis as the watershed that changed the nature of the denomination and its institutional politics. In order to investigate the concept of liturgical minimisation, I will place the thesis in a historical context and then make explicit the implicit philosophical and theological underpinnings of this transitional period in the Church’s history. The liturgical minimisation process will be shown to have direct links to a specific epistemology that has its origins in the Enlightenment period. The application of an empirical based epistemology into the theological realm by scholars such as Thomas Chalmers, Charles Hodge, B.B. Warfield and Broughton Knox opens the door to theological distortions. This thesis argues that the Church needs to continue to develop and practise a specific Christian epistemology that is grounded in the love of Jesus Christ in order to move ahead with a coherent Gospel which brings real connectivity with God, nature, historical Christianity and with one other. Apprehending the philosophical and theological underpinnings I will argue that it is necessary to consider a serious reconstruction of Theological Education in which the conceptual framework is located in a specific Christian epistemology, engendering the Lordship of Christ and encouraging a spirit of transformative love and connectedness. It is only in this context that the theology of worship and the beauty and usefulness of liturgical forms can be appreciated.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The Presbyterian Church in Australia, and in particular in the State of New South Wales, experienced a major disruption in 1977 with the formation of the Uniting Church of Australia. Since that time, under the influence of a revival of Puritan theology, the historic liturgical practices of the Church have been minimised to the point that older people such as myself no longer recognise many of the contemporary worship practices as Presbyterian. John Calvin’s notion of worship in which the worshipper is confronted with God’s unspeakable Majesty and Otherness, the divine transcendence of which leaves the soul awestruck and in a deep sense of humility has given way to informality and the absence of symbol. In what follows I shall argue that given this monumental paradigm shift the Church is facing a monumental crisis in its theological and philosophical assumptions. The awful tragedy is that there are many current ministers who are not aware that there is anything wrong. The crisis I allude to is changing the very nature of traditional Presbyterianism. Future generations will see this crisis as the watershed that changed the nature of the denomination and its institutional politics. In order to investigate the concept of liturgical minimisation, I will place the thesis in a historical context and then make explicit the implicit philosophical and theological underpinnings of this transitional period in the Church’s history. The liturgical minimisation process will be shown to have direct links to a specific epistemology that has its origins in the Enlightenment period. The application of an empirical based epistemology into the theological realm by scholars such as Thomas Chalmers, Charles Hodge, B.B. Warfield and Broughton Knox opens the door to theological distortions. This thesis argues that the Church needs to continue to develop and practise a specific Christian epistemology that is grounded in the love of Jesus Christ in order to move ahead with a coherent Gospel which brings real connectivity with God, nature, historical Christianity and with one other. Apprehending the philosophical and theological underpinnings I will argue that it is necessary to consider a serious reconstruction of Theological Education in which the conceptual framework is located in a specific Christian epistemology, engendering the Lordship of Christ and encouraging a spirit of transformative love and connectedness. It is only in this context that the theology of worship and the beauty and usefulness of liturgical forms can be appreciated.

The rapid demand for broadband wireless access with fast multimedia services initiated a vast research on the development of new wireless systems that will provide high spectral efficiencies and data rates. A potential candidate for future generation wireless systems is multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA). To achieve higher user capacities and increase the system data rate, various multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies such as spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity techniques have been proposed recently and combined with MC-CDMA.This research proposes a chip level coded ordered successive spatial and multiuser interference cancellation (OSSMIC) receiver for downlink MIMO MC-CDMA systems. As the conventional chip level OSIC receiver [1] is unable to overcome multiple access interference (MAI) and performs poorly in multiuser scenarios, the proposed receiver cancels both spatial and multiuser interference by requiring only the knowledge of the desired user's spreading sequence. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver not only performs better than the existing linear detectors [2] but also outperforms both the chip and symbol level OSIC receivers. In this work we also compare the error rate performance between our proposed system and MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MIMO OFDMA) system and we justify the comparisons with a pairwise error probability (PEP) analysis. MIMO MC-CDMA demonstrates a better performance over MIMO OFDMA under low system loads whereas in high system loads, MIMO OFDMA outperforms MIMO MC-CDMA. However if all users' spreading sequences are used at the desired user receiver, MIMO MC-CDMA performs better than MIMO OFDMA at all system loads.In the second part of this work, user grouping algorithms are proposed to provide power minimisation in grouped MC-CDMA and space-time block code (STBC) MC-CDMA systems. When the allocation is performed without a fair data rate requirement, the optimal solution to the minimisation problem is provided. However when some fairness is considered, the optimal solution requires high computational complexity and hence we solve this problem by proposing two suboptimal algorithms. Simulation results illustrate a significantly reduced power consumption in comparison with other techniques.

No / This research aims to conduct an exploratory analysis into current industrial reverse logistics practice in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer relationships (B2C), and determine the financial and operational impact of customer non-compliance in returning distribution equipment back to their source. The analysis was conducted over multiple industry sectors using qualitative research techniques. The research sample included seven industry sectors, providing a response rate of 72 per cent (53 sources approached). The focus was on both B2B and B2C relationships to determine similarities and differences in financial and operational repercussions. The research findings indicate that the efficacy of the reverse logistics system can be undermined by lack of customer compliance, with losses of up to £140 million (B2B). In both B2B and B2C relationships, there is evidence of suppliers suffering financial loss due to customer non-compliance. Due to the small scale of the analysis and the breadth of the industry sectors investigated, these results are not generalisable, but do indicate that this is an area, which could undermine supply chain effectiveness. Practical implications – Non-compliance of this nature carries a direct and highly applicable cost for manufacturers and distributors in the practitioner arena. Suppliers within industry need to acknowledge this issue and manage their reverse logistics more effectively. This paper adopts an innovative focus on an understated feature of the reverse logistics cycle, i.e. the recycling of distribution equipment used to transport outbound and returned products. The paper identifies a range of options, which practitioners can use as guidance when managing the returns system.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Dans le domaine de l'apprentissage par renforcement, la planification dans le cas de systèmes déterministes consiste à effectuer une recherche avant grâce à un modèle génératif du système considéré et ce pour trouver l'action à appliquer dans son état courant. Dans notre cas, cette recherche avant conduira à la construction d'un arbre des possibilités, sa racine correspondant à l'état courant du système. Dans le cas où les ressources computationnelles sont limitées et inconnues, il convient d'utiliser un algorithme cherchant à minimiser son regret. Autrement dit, un algorithme retournant une action à effectuer qui soit la plus proche possible de l'optimale en terme de qualité et en fonction des ressources computationnelles. Nous présentons l'algorithme de planification optimiste dans le cas où l'espace d'action est discret. Nous prouvons une borne inférieure et supérieure sur son regret dans le pire des cas ainsi que dans une classe particulière de problèmes. Nous présentons ensuite deux autres algorithmes inspirés de l'approche optimiste dans le cas où l'espace d'action est continu. / In the field of reinforcement learning, planning in the case of deterministic systems consists of doing a forward search using a generative model of the system so as to find the action to apply in its current state. In our case, the forward search leads us to build a look-ahead tree, its root being the current state of the system. If the computational resources are limited and unknown, we have to use an algorithm which tries to minimize its regret. In other words, an algorithm returning an action to apply which is as close as possible to the optimal one in term of quality and with respect to the computational resources used. We present the optimistic planing algorithm in the case of a discrete action space. We prove a lower and upper bound in the worst case and in a particular class of problems. Also we present two algorithms using the optimistic approach but in the case of a continuous action space.

The variable reluctance motor (VRM) is known for its structural simplicity, lower cost and capability of higher specific outputs compared with the AC induction motor. These favourable attributes arise from the way the torque is generated. An asymmetric half bridge would commonly be used as the controller for the VRM. It is also a relatively simple circuit because unlike the requirement with an AC induction motor, the imput current for a VRM would only need to be able to travel in one direction.

As usual route planners are based on the principle of travel time minimization, the travel speed and distance from the destination are two key factors to calculate the optimal route. Current systems are based on predetermined speed limits stored on road maps. However, few of the systems used today, consider current environmental influences. The aim of this thesis is to examine the extent of route changes for MIT (Motorized Individual Transport), when weather-related speed reductions are considered. The basis for the work are road data from OpenStreetMap and historical weather data in the NetCDF (Network Common Data Format) provided by the company Ubimet. The data is processed, by using the ArcGIS software from ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc). The study area corresponds to the territory of Austria. After the treatment of roads and weather information, the records are processed, using the software, to weather-related road networks. This is done by two different methods, static and dynamic. The static model concerns the routing behaviour using a specific weather situation, while the dynamic model takes temporal change of the weather into account. For the analysis of the new, influenced by the weather, routing behaviour the created routes at times of strong weathering are compared with predetermined reference cases without considering the weather. Routes referring to periods of normal and strong weathering, e.g. heavy rain, are analysed and compared in travel time, route length and exposure to adverse weather conditions.

The thesis presents a case study of New Zealand's Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act 1966 - a civil commitment law used to detain alcoholics and drug addicts for up to two years in state-certified residential treatment facilities. The thesis positions itself as a call for legislative reform. The central argument is that the Act is an anachronistic and potentially draconian piece of social legislation which has no place on the modern-day New Zealand statute book. In the first part of the thesis, Chapter 1 introduces the research, outlines the structure and methodology of the thesis, and locates the study within a wider tradition of scholarship on the management of people with alcohol problems. Chapter 2 summarises the analytical framework that is used to evaluate the Act, attaching particular importance to both the philosophical traditions and the practical strategies of harm minimisation and therapeutic jurisprudence. Chapter 3 gives a positivist reading of the legislation : outlining the evolution of the Act, essaying its major provisions, and noting the efforts that have been made to refine or reform the statute since it was passed in the mid-1960s. Chapter 4 draws on the limited amount of data available to describe how the Act is currently operating 'on the ground'. In the second part of the thesis, the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act is put into a comparative context by describing examples of similar-type statutes that exist in two other jurisdictions. Chapter 5 focuses on the New South Wales Inebriates Act 1912; Chapter 6 focuses on the Swedish Act on Care of Addicts in Certain Cases 1989. The final part of the thesis builds a case for reform of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act. Chapter 7 identifies various practical and clinical problems with the Act, which mean that the statute does not work in instrumental terms. It is submitted that the Act cannot be said to make better provision for the care and treatment of alcoholics. Chapter 8 highlights several legal and philosophical difficulties with the Act, which mean that the legislation does not work in value terms. It is submitted that the Act is offensive to the right to refuse treatment and fundamentally conflicts with the principles of individual autonomy and informed consent. Chapter 9 proposes three options for reforming the Act, expressing a preference for the outright repeal of the statute. Finally, Chapter 10 draws conclusions from the preceding discussion, and speculates on the likelihood that the recommended reforms will be implemented.

The complex nature of waste management and planning requires a long-term strategic policy formation approach incorporating sustainable development principles. Consequently, the transition from a waste paradigm to valuing materials as resources is central for transitioning towards a 'zero waste' future. A need is identified, via infrastructure planning, to move beyond short-term forecasting and predictive methods previously used in waste research in order to overcome target-driven decision-making. The application of a participatory backcasting methodology: visioning, baseline assessment, scenario development and feasibility testing; produced transformative scenarios which are visualised using GIS reflecting the choices, ideas and beliefs of participants. The structural governance (e.g. waste infrastructure planning and strategic waste policy) of an English county is used to evaluate the efficacy of waste management scenarios. A quantitative model was developed to test scenarios for three metrics (tonnages, economics and carbon). The final model utilises the synergy between backcasting and GIS to spatially and temporally analyse empirically quantified outputs. This structured approach produced three transformative scenarios and one reference scenario. Waste prevention and changes to systemic waste generation produced long-term tonnage reductions across the transformative scenarios. Costs of future waste management witnessed the reference scenario outperforming one of the transformative scenarios; while the highest emissions savings were attributable to the scenario most closely reflecting the notion of 'deep sustainability'. In terms of waste infrastructure planning, a centralised pattern of large integrated facilities emphasising catchments rather than administrative boundary were most effective. All three transformative scenarios surpassed the 90% recycling and recovery level used as the zero waste benchmark. The research concludes that backcasting can offer a range of potential futures capable of achieving an arbitrary definition of zero waste. Further, these futures can be visualised and analysed via GIS; enhancing stakeholder engagement. Overall, the GIS-based Backcasting Framework Model (G-BFM) produced has the potential to benefit a range of stakeholders and practitioners and is strategically scalable.