This investigation involved three tillage treatments, fall plowed (conventional) (moldboard IS-centimeter depth), fall chiseled (ripped) (25-centimeter depth), and no-tillage (zero tillage) replicated four times on an established alfalfa field. Rye was planted in the fall and harvested prior to planting the corn. Soil samples contained an average of 5.9 ppm phosphorus in the 0-30 centimeter soil layer, indicating the need for additional phosphorus. Within each tillage treatment, six rows received 11 kilograms/hectare phosphorus with the seed and 34 kilograms/hectare phosphorus side-dressed. Six rows received 45 kilograms/hectare phosphorus side-dressed, and four rows received 0 phosphorus. All 16 rows received 64 kilograms/hectare of nitrogen to ensure it was a non-limiting factor. Yields were significantly higher in every tillage plot that received phosphorus compared to the 0 kilograms phosphorus/hectare treatments in the plots. There was a trend of higher yields with the treatments of 11 kilograms/hectare + 34 kilograms/hectare side-dressed compared to the 45 kilograms/ hectare phosphorus side-dressed treatments. However, these were not significantly higher. The no-till plots yielded higher than the ripped or plowed in each tillage treatment. The differences between the no-till and ripped plots were not significant. However, the no-till plots yielded significantly higher than the plowed plot. The no-till 11 kilograms phosphorus + 34 kilograms phosphorus plots averaged 3.1 Megegrams/hectare higher silage yield than the plowed 11 kilograms phosphorus + 34 kilograms phosphorus plots and 2. 5 Megegrams/hectare higher in the 45 kilograms phosphorus side -dressed plots. Phosphorus uptake was measured by leaf sampling and found to be significantly higher in the no-till plots compared to the ripped and plowed plots. TON and protein were also determined, however, no significant differences existed between any tillage treatments. The rye was intended to be cut prior to planting for forage use in a dairy or cattle feeding program. Although the average dry weight was only 598 kilograms/hectare due mainly to late planting, this method has great economical potential.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WaleskaPLS.pdf: 342488 bytes, checksum: 31bd914bc1b9f008710c1f6723631464 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The intention of this study was to identify the school conception (conceptions) in the discourse of poor children. There were inquired two groups of subjects: the first was composed of children that inserted precociously themselves into the work market and must to go to school because they take part in one of the governmental programs, called, minimum income programs. The second will be composed of children that live in the poorest district in Natal/RN city. And don?t have obligatoriness to go to school. Thus, thematics like precocious work, minimum income program, capitalism, neoliberalism was aproached in our discussion. We also intended to make a illustrate with Pinochio Adventures fable, because its conception school is similar like real official discourse school from everybody. In cited narrative, the character Gepeto didn t know what s a truth child but knows that exist a place in city where his maledoll Pinochio would be one the school. Thus, this institution was destine by the justice and politics from Gepetos s city how children right. Pinochio, in the book s end, to be transformed himself in a truth child because learned in school responsible and goodness behaviors. To uphold our inquiry we used the Content Analysis and socio-historical perspectives. The result showed that the children know that exist differents schools: yours and other, to rich class. Their school is admited like good, it is a study place, it isn?t disorders place; and also make propotional to social ascencion. The children s discourses is similar to capitalism s discourse / A inten??o deste estudo foi identificar a(s) concep??o (concep??es) de escola no discurso de crian?as da classe pobre. Foram investigados dois grupos de crian?as: um composto por crian?as que viveram situa??o de inser??o precoce no mercado do trabalho, que t?m obrigatoriedade de freq?entar a escola visto que fazem parte de um dentre os programas de governo denominados de programas de renda-m?nima e, outro, de crian?as que, apesar de viverem em um bairro caracterizado por ser o mais pobre, n?o t?m obrigatoriedade de freq?entar a escola. Assim, tem?ticas como trabalho precoce, programas de renda m?nima, capitalismo e neoliberalismo estiveram presentes na discuss?o apresentada, procurando-se estabelecer uma rela??o com a obra As Aventuras de Pin?quio , de Carlo Collodi, cuja concep??o de escola ? bastante similar ? do discurso oficial atual escola para todos. Na obra citada, o personagem Gepeto n?o sabia o que era ser um menino de verdade , mas sabia que existia um lugar na cidade, onde seu boneco Pin?quio se tornaria um deles a escola. Assim, essa institui??o foi designada pela justi?a e pela pol?tica da cidade de Gepeto como um direito da inf?ncia. Pin?quio, no final da narrativa, transforma-se em um menino de verdade porque desenvolve comportamentos de responsabilidade e bondade aprendidos na escola. Para consubstanciar nossa investiga??o, utilizamos as perspectivas da An?lise de Conte?do e a hist?rico-cultural. O resultado mostrou que as crian?as sabem que existem diferentes escolas: a sua e outra a da classe rica. A escola delas ? concebida como boa; como lugar de estudo e n?o de bagun?a; e como possibilitadora de ascens?o social. Este discurso ? similar ao discurso do sistema s?cio-econ?mico capitalista no qual o Brasil est? inserido

Bakgrund: Aktieindex används världen över som placeringsalternativ, jämförelsemått inom portföljförvaltning och som underlag för portföljoptimering. Forskare har under senare tid ifrågasatt index viktade efter börsvärdet och alternativa viktningsmetoder för index har framtagits som substitut till det kapitalviktade indexet och prestationsjämförelser har gjorts. Studier har främst gjorts i USA och denna studie ämnar göra en liknande undersökning på den svenska marknaden.  Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka alternativa viktningsmetoder på det svenska aktieindexet OMXS30 och dess historiska prestation under åren 1995-2011 i förhållande till det traditionellt kapitalviktade OMXS30. Syftet är vidare att analysera de alternativt viktade indexen som grund för portföljoptimering enligt Single-Index Model.  Genomförande: Fem alternativt viktade index konstrueras i studien där viktningen grundas på fundamentala värden, Sharpekvoter, standardavvikelse, likaviktning och handelsvolym och jämförs prestationsmässigt mot OMXS30. Indexen används sedan vid portföljoptimering enligt SIM där aktiers och portföljers karakteristika analyseras. Indexens prognostisering av betavärden utvärderas i studien för att urskilja om något index är mer träffsäkert gällande aktiens beta för nästkommande period.  Slutsats: Ett flertal av de konstruerade alternativa indexen genererar signifikant högre avkastning till lägre risk i den nedgångsperiod som analyserats varför dessa kan ses som en mer lönsam investering. Tendenser till högre avkastning för den totala perioden finns även om signifikanta skillnader inte föreligger. De alternativa indexen har föranlett skilda allokeringsbeslut vid portföljoptimeringen vilket har gett stora utslag i portföljernas förväntade prestation såväl som faktisk prestation efter optimeringen genomförts. / Background: Stock market indexes are widely used as investment strategies and as a benchmark when portfolios are being constructed and evaluated. Researchers have recently questioned the capital weighted index in favor of other available weighting schemes. By comparing alternative weighted indexes to the traditionally capital weighted index one has been made aware of the significantly lower risk adjusted performance for the capital weighted index.  Aim: Our aim is to investigate in alternative weighting schemes used on the Swedish index OMXS30 and evaluate the historical performance of these alternative indexes in comparison to the traditionally capital weighted index during the period 1995-2011. Furthermore, our objective is to analyze the effects alternative weighting schemes have on portfolio optimization through Single-Index Model.  Completion: To fulfill the purpose of this thesis, five alternative weighting schemes have been applied on the Swedish index OMXS30. The weights have been calculated on fundamental measures, Sharpe ratios, standard deviation, equally weighted and trade volume and they have been compared to the traditionally cap-weighted index. Furthermore, the constructed indexes will be used to optimize portfolios with Single Index Model to compare the portfolios characteristics when different indexes have been used.  Results/Findings: The majority of the alternative weighted indexes generate significantly higher returns in one of our analyzed periods and this was during a market recession. For the total analyzed period no statistical differences among the indexes could be determined even though differences in total return are made clear. The indexes had a big effect on the portfolio optimization in terms of different share allocation.