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ENGLISH SUMMARY Coal mining is an important activity which significantly contributes to the economy of the Czech Republic. Coal is currently still indispensable material for many industrial branches, but coal mining has serious and wide-ranging consequences for the environment. Coal mining influences negatively especially the appearance of landscape, the soil conditions and the water system in the affected area. It causes air pollution and it leads to the destruction of fauna and flora, too. Furthermore the problem is that coal is a non-renewable material, which will eventually be exhausted. Due to these negative impacts on environment and the importance of coal as the source of energy, the coal mining requires state regulation. Legislation regulation of mining activity in our country can be found in these three acts: The Mining Act No. 44/1988 Coll., The Act of Mining Activity No. 61/1988 Coll. and The Act of Geological Works No. 62/1988 Coll. These three acts are supplemented with number of subsidiary regulations. This thesis attempts to describe and analyze basic legal instruments of environmental protection, which are exercised in mining. The main sources for this thesis are the three above-mentioned Acts and Acts regulating particular elements of environment for example the Water Code, the Forest Code...

Topic of this diploma thesis is "The legal protection of the exclusive deposit". Attention in the opening chapters is paid to general issues of mining law. Those general issues include history of mining law, sources of legal regulation and basic concepts. Protection tools of exclusive deposit are also included as a general issue. Those tools are divided in groups as conceptual, administrative and legal and economic tools. The thesis then introduces the most important special protection tools of exclusive deposit used at the various stages of its exploitation. Institute called Exploration area ensures protection of exclusive deposit in stage of searching and exploring. Next special protection tool is Protected deposit area, which is an important instrument of territorial protection of the exclusive deposit. This institute prevents complications with mining caused by construction activities. The following chapter presents the institute of Mining area. Function of Mining area is to protect an exclusive deposit, but it also represents authorization to carry out mining activities. Protection of exclusive deposit is ensured by set of rules, which have to be followed when mining. A separate chapter is devoted to the protection of the exclusive deposit while placing buildings. This issue is situated in...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Angelo Remedio Junior.pdf: 2016458 bytes, checksum: b0ff9f6ac1c1faaf61c189bda34e6919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-15 / This research aims to interpret harmoniously the rules governing the Environmental Law and mining rights. The Environmental Law, with a widespread strenght, has the power to make the purposes of any Law necessarily ecologically balanced. The ecological issue is definitely a part of the legal system. It happens that the Mining Code was based on an individualistic ideology which forgets the environmental issue. The historical interpretation of the Minig Code, considering the enactment date, explains this gap with the environmental issue. Meanwhile, after the National Environmental Policy Act, in the early 1980s, and the 1988 Federal Constitution, it s essential to revisit the interpretation of the Mining Code. It is evident that the statement of the environmental and mineral Institute and Resources will impose a change on the legal system outlined by the Mining Code. But the guiding principle for the Mining Code s compliance with the Federal Constitution is the use of the idea of sustainable development. To understand the peculiarity of the national legal system, became useful brief forays into the legal system of Italy, Spain, Portugal, France and Chile, from the perspective of the internal legal system or transnational legal system / Trata-se de investigação que busca interpretar harmoniosamente as normas que regem o direito ambiental e o direito minerário. O direito ambiental, com sua força tentacular, tem o condão de tornar, necessariamente, ecologicamente equilibrado os fins na interpretação de quaisquer normas jurídicas. Isso porque, a questão ecológica adentrou definitivamente no sistema jurídico com a Constituição Federal de 1988, inclusive, inovando quanto à elevação do meio ambiente ao patamar de bem ambiental constitucional e fazendo expressa previsão sobre a imperiosa necessidade de recuperação das áreas degradadas pela mineração. Nesse contexto, percebe-se que o Código de Mineração de 1967 foi elaborado com base em uma ideologia individualista, que olvidava a questão ambiental. A interpretação histórica do Código de Mineração, considerando a data de sua promulgação, explica este hiato com a questão ambiental. Entrementes, após a Lei da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente de 1981, e com a Constituição Federal de 1988 tornou-se imperioso revisitar a interpretação do Código de Mineração. Evidencia-se que a positivação do instituto do bem ambiental mineral e da inserção do princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável na Lei Máxima brasileira acabam por impor uma modificação no regime jurídico traçado pelo Código de Mineração. Assim, o princípio norteador para a conformidade do Código de Mineração com a Constituição Federal será o emprego do princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para conhecer as peculiaridade do sistema jurídico pátrio, tornou-se útil breves incursões nos sistemas jurídicos alienígenas, quer seja no direito interno dos Estados ou das Organizações Internacionais, que podem ser sintetizados na fórmula direito transnacional

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / In terms of the previous mining legislation in South Africa, mineral rights were held privately and in some instances by the state. The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) now vests all mineral rights in the state. Through the transitional provisions included in the MPRDA, mining companies can convert their existing ‘old order’ rights to prospect and/or mine (previously granted under the now repealed Minerals Act) to the ‘new order’ rights introduced by the MPRDA. The purpose of the MPRDA is to ensure the sustainable utilisation of South Africa’s mineral and petroleum resources within a national environmental framework policy which primarily protects sensitive environments and the interests of affected communities, organisations and individuals, while promoting socio-economic development.

Thesis (M.Econ. (Economics & Economic History)) - Rhodes University, 2009.

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Historically, irresponsible mining companies have escaped their duty to rehabilitate. The Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act does not oblige mining companies to rehabilitate if their operations ceased before the Minerals Act came into force. In the court case De Beers Consolidated Mines v Ataqua Mining (Pty) Ltd and others 2006 1 SA 432 (T), the court held that the Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act is not applicable to tailings dumps that were created through mining that had been conducted under the Minerals Act. This ruling leaves unanswered the question about who would be liable to rehabilitate old order tailings dumps once such tailings dumps are re-mined or not mined at all. The aim of this dissertation is to determine whether companies that ceased mining operations before the Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act came into effect could be held liable for rehabilitation by introducing the scenario that applied in the De Beers court case. / Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

Historically, irresponsible mining companies have escaped their duty to rehabilitate. The Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act does not oblige mining companies to rehabilitate if their operations ceased before the Minerals Act came into force. In the court case De Beers Consolidated Mines v Ataqua Mining (Pty) Ltd and others 2006 1 SA 432 (T), the court held that the Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act is not applicable to tailings dumps that were created through mining that had been conducted under the Minerals Act. This ruling leaves unanswered the question about who would be liable to rehabilitate old order tailings dumps once such tailings dumps are re-mined or not mined at all. The aim of this dissertation is to determine whether companies that ceased mining operations before the Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act came into effect could be held liable for rehabilitation by introducing the scenario that applied in the De Beers court case. / Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

Text in Afrikaans / Prospektering is een van die eerste en belangrikste stappe in die mineraalontginningsproses en dit word ondersoek teen die agtergrond van die Mineraalwet 50 van 1991, wat die belangrikste "mynwette" herroep en die Suid-Afrikaanse mineraal- en mynreg in vele opsigte op 'n heel nuwe grondslag geplaas het. Die hoofdoel met hierdie proefskrif is om prospekteerregte te sistematiseer en te bepaal of dit beperkte saaklike regte daarstel. Ten aanvang word bepaal welke aktiwiteite prospektering daarstel en welke stowwe regtens as minerale kwalifiseer. Daar word gekyk na die regte waarvan prospekteerregte dee! vorm of waaruit dit afgelei word, naamlik eiendomsreg en mineraalregte. Die afskeiding van minerale van grond, die afskeiding van mineraalregte van grondeiendomsreg en die afskeiding van prospekteerregte van mineraalregte en grondeiendomsreg, asook die inhoud van en beperkings op die uitoefening van prospekteer- en mineraalregte, word ook ondersoek. Daar word veral aangetoon dat mineraalregte nie so wyd is as wat algemeen aanvaar word nie en dat dit 6f by die af skeiding van die roerende minerale tot niet gaan of uitgeput raak 6f in eiendomsreg daarop oorgaan. Prospekteerregte word meestal verleen by wyse van prospekteerkontrakte, waarvan daar verskillende verskyningsvorme bestaan en waarvan die een wat in die Registrasie van Aktes Wet 47 van 1937 omskryf word, as uitgangspunt geneem word. Aangesien die reg om te myn ook die reg om te prospekteer insluit, word die verlening van mynregte en antler verkrygings van prospekteerregte ook behandel. Alvorens gemeneregtelike prospekteerregte egter uitgeoefen mag word, meet magtiging daarvoor by die staat verkry word. Die verlening van statutere prospekteer- en mynmagtigings het by die inwerkingtreding van die Mineraalwet 50 van 1991 grondige veranderings ondergaan wat tesame met die relevante oorgangsbepalings ondersoek word ten einde die uitwerking van die wet op prospekteerregte te bepaal. Die vereistes vir en die regsaard van die verskillende regte word ondersoek ten einde 'n oorsig van prospekteerregte daar te stel en dit vlugtig met veral Australiese reg te vergelyk. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking geraak dat blote prospekteerregte nie beperkte saaklike regte daarstel nie. / Prospecting is one of the first and most important steps in the minerals exploitation process and is examined against the background of the Minerals Act so of 1991, which repealed the most important "mining" legislation and in many ways placed the South African mining and minerals law on a completely new basis. The main purpose of this thesis is to systematise prospecting rights and to establish whether they constitute limited real rights. It is at the outset determined which activities constitute prospecting and which materials qualify in law as minerals. The rights from which prospecting rights are derived or of which they form part, namely ownership and mineral rights, are considered. The severing of minerals from land, the severing of mineral rights from landownership and the severing of prospecting rights from mineral rights and landownership, as well as the contents of and limitations on the exercising of prospecting and mineral rights, are also examined. It is in particular shown that mineral rights are not as comprehensive as is generally accepted and that they either terminate or are exhausted upon severance of the movable minerals from the land or are converted into ownership thereof. Prospecting rights are mostly granted by way of prospecting contracts, of which different varieties exist and of which the one defined in the Deeds Registries Act 47 of 1937 is taken as the starting point. Since the right to mine includes the right to prospect, mining rights and other acquisitions of prospecting rights are also considered. Before common law prospecting rights may be exercised, however, authority to do so must be obtained from the state. Upon the commencement of the Minerals Act 50 of 1991, the granting of statutory prospecting and mining authorisations underwent fundamental changes, which are examined with the relevant transitional provisions to determine the effect of the act. The requirements for and the juridical nature of the various rights are considered in order to establish an overview of prospecting rights and briefly to compare them mainly with Australian law. The conclusion is reached that mere prospecting rights do not constitute limited real rights. / Jurisprudence / LL. D.