Inaug.-Diss. (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln, 1992. / "Veröffentlichungen der Bibliotheca Hertziana (Max-Planck-Institut) in Rom"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-315) and index.

Τα Πνευματικά του Ήρωνα (1ος αιώνας μ.Χ.), προϊόν μακράς παράδοσης. Στην εισαγωγή του έργου εκτίθεται το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο που υποστηρίζει τη λειτουργία των διατάξεων που παρουσιάζονται στη συνέχεια, αλλά και υποστηρίζεται πειραματικά από ορισμένες. Η δομή του έργου ακολουθεί τη δομή του ολοκληρωμένου μαθηματικού λόγου της κλασικής αρχαιότητας, προσαρμοσμένο κατάλληλα. Θέματα που αναδεικνύουμε είναι: Η ολοκλήρωση της αρχής των συγκοινωνούντων δοχείων με την αυστηρή απόδειξη του αντίστροφου της πρότασης του Αρχιμήδη για τη σφαιρικότητα της επιφάνειας του ηρεμούντος υγρού. Η πειραματική απόδειξη της υλικότητας του αέρα. Διαδικασία που εναρμονίζει το πείραμα με προϋπάρχουσα θεωρία. Η πειραματική απόδειξη της ελαστικότητας του αέρα, ο οποίος μέχρι και τον Αριστοτέλη θεωρείται ασυμπίεστος, καθώς και της ύπαρξης κενού σε μακροσκοπική κλίμακα. Θέση που υποστηρίζεται πειραματικά από τρείς διαφορετικές διατάξεις. Η εξέλιξη της θεωρίας της αναθυμίασης (δημιουργία των ανέμων), προσθέτοντας στη φωτιά την ιδιότητα (δυνατότητα) δημιουργίας κενού. Η πειραματική (με τη διάταξη Ι.23) επαλήθευση της θέσης (που ανάγεται στον 5ο π.Χ. αιώνα) ότι τα ρευστά εναλλάσσονται στον ίδιο χώρο κατά ίσους όγκους. Μέσα από τα θέματα αυτά και την ανάδειξη των διατάξεων που τα υποστηρίζουν, επισημαίνουμε την ενσυνείδητη αποκατάσταση ενότητας θεωρίας και πράξης, ενώ φέρνουμε στο φως μια όχι ιδιαίτερα προσεγμένη κατηγορία διατάξεων αυτή των πειραματικών. / Heron’s (1st century A.D.) Pneumatics is the product of a long tradition. In the introduction to the work the theoretical background which explains the functioning of the devices which are analysed later in the work is presented. At the same time it is endorsed experimentally by some of them. The structure of the work follows that of the integrated mathematical language of classical antiquity, but appropriately adapted to the task at hand. The subjects which are highlighted are the following: The completion of the proposition of communicating vessels with the rigorous proof of the inverse of Archimedes’ proposition for the sphericity of the surface of liquids in rest; the experimental demonstration of the corporeity of air, a procedure that harmonises the experiment with a pre-existing theory; the experimental demonstration of the elasticity of air, which, until Aristotle, had been considered to be incompressible, as well as the existence of the macroscopic vacuum, a position which is supported by three different experimental devices; the evolution of exhalation theory (wind creation) adding to fire the property of being able to create a vacuum; the experimental verification (by means of device I.23) of the position (dating from the 5th century BC) that liquids alternate in the same space in equal volumes. Through these issues and the examination of the devices that support them, we draw attention to the conscious unification of theory and practice, while we also bring to light a rather neglected area, that of experimental devices.

La réalisation de prédictions précises et surprenantes est une pratique essentielle des sciences empiriques et la confirmation de ces prédictions semble représenter l’un de leurs principaux succès théoriques et pratiques. Ainsi de nombreux scientifiques et épistémologues attribuent-ils aux succès prédictifs le pouvoir de confirmer des hypothèses, d’influencer le cours de l’histoire scientifique, voire de révéler quelles théories reflètent la réalité. Pourtant les prédictions s’appuient souvent sur des représentations simplifiées, idéalisées ou fictionnelles de la réalité. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser l’activité prédictive pour comprendre en quoi consistent les succès prédictifs et quelle portée on peut légitimement leur conférer. L’enjeu de cette analyse est notamment de savoir si une théorie ayant engendré un succès prédictif peut être considérée comme vraie ou partiellement vraie.La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’analyse de l’activité prédictive et conclut qu’il existe une pluralité de raisonnements et de succès prédictifs. La deuxième partie étudie l’influence de ces succès sur l’évolution d’une discipline, la cosmologie, de 1917 à nos jours et montre que les scientifiques attribuent de l’importance aux prédictions qui indiquent la capacité prédictive d’une hypothèse ou d’une théorie. Dans la troisième partie, je soutiens que le rôle des prédictions dans le choix rationnel des hypothèses est de permettre de juger de leur fécondité. La quatrième partie étudie les limites de la portée des succès prédictifs en montrant qu’ils ne permettent pas de savoir quels aspects des théories dont ils sont issus reflètent la réalité. / Deriving precise and surprising predictions is a key feature of scientific activity. The confirmation of these predictions by severe tests seems to represent major theoretical and practical successes in the field of empirical sciences. Therefore, many scientists and philosophers of science view predictive successes as having an important weight in scientific change, theory choice and for the identification of true claims about reality. However, predictions are often derived from simplified or idealised representations of real-world systems. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the predictive activity of empirical sciences in order to circumscribe the scope of predictive success. First, I claim that predictive successes come in many forms and structures. In the second part, I investigate the impact of successful predictions in the history of modern cosmology since 1917 and argue that scientists value predictions attesting the predictive capacity of new hypotheses. In a third part, I examine the weight of successful predictions in the confirmation of hypotheses and claim that they serve as a proxy for one of the most important virtues of theories: fruitfulness. The last part is dedicated to the limits of scientific successes and shows that novel predictions cannot help us to circumscribe which posits of scientific theories are worthy of belief.

Despite the success illness novels have acquired in the last decade, the misrepresentation of chronic illness in the Young Adult genre is still going unnoticed. In an ableist society that still needs to be educated about invisible disabilities, most of the contemporary YA writers insist on finding miraculous solutions and questionable happy endings to their stories. The aim of this thesis is therefore to study the different ways in which YA writers fetishize and understate invisible disability and to find a way to subvert it. By focusing on the miracle cure trope and romanticization in the case of Nicola Yoon’s Everything Everything, it attempts to highlight the characteristics of low-quality disability fiction and demonstrate why and how the use of disability biases can affect negatively both disabled and nondisabled young readers. In addition, through the scrutiny of the author’s first YA novel, Nothing Wrong with Snails, it then illustrates how the in-depth analysis of past disability literature improved the author’s personal craft and enabled them to portray chronic illness and invisible disability avoiding stereotypes, biases, and tropes. In conclusion, it argues that writers ought to rely on disability studies in order to reach higher standards in the representation of invisible disability in YA fiction.

This research has the objective to explore the concept of faith in the Gospel of Mark. An exegetical investigation of the faith terminology (pist-word group) in the Gospel is required for that. An analysis of the model passages with occurrences of the motword group shows the variety of possible connotations of the term. The most paradigmatic of them are in the sense of trust in God [which means to be open towards the highest reality]. Comparison of the results of the analysis with the concept of faith in the Old Testament, Classical Greek, and Hellenistic Greek is helpful to understand the etymology of the Markan use of the pist-word group and to make clear the conceptual meaning of faith in the Gospel which is closer to the Old Testament idea of an active commitment to God expressed in a continuous existence in the presence of Him. / New Testament / M. Th. (New Testament)

Nosso estudo se propõe a analisar de maneira sistemática e crítica o pensamento do economista, professor universitário e homem público Antônio Delfim Netto e entrelaçar seu pensamento e sua atuação política com a conjuntura político-econômica dos anos 1960 no Brasil. A pesquisa se inicia pela análise dos elementos essenciais que possibilitaram a industrialização brasileira em suas diferentes fases, do século XIX à década de 1960, e de alguns dos principais expoentes do debate sobre o desenvolvimento brasileiro entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, de modo a fornecer um panorama dos dilemas que se apresentavam à economia brasileira. Passamos, então, à análise do pensamento de Delfim Netto em sua lógica interna, buscando extrair os elementos fundamentais de sua produção intelectual até a década de 1980. Esse exame revela que as principais categorias da produção de Delfim Netto são o desenvolvimento e o planejamento, vitais para sua concepção do subdesenvolvimento. Este se identificaria com insuficiências na esfera da acumulação, o que leva Delfim a considerar que a sociedade brasileira deveria realizar um esforço consciente no sentido da maximização das taxas de acumulação e de canalização de mais recursos ao processo produtivo através do sistema tributário e, quando necessário, da coação política. O planejamento teria o papel de prever e superar os obstáculos ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento antes que eles se tornassem fatores impeditivos do crescimento. A política é a variável interveniente que dá sentido aos modelos de Delfim. Por fim, à luz dos processos históricos e em função do arsenal teórico de Delfim Netto, analisamos sua ascensão a instâncias políticas determinantes durante a ditadura militar brasileira (1964-85), quando teve a oportunidade única de colocar suas reflexões em prática. A suspensão da esfera política, sacramentada pelo Ato Institucional nº 5 (AI-5), possibilitou a negociação direta entre os planejadores e os atores considerados relevantes para o desenvolvimento. Nos anos em que Delfim foi ministro da Fazenda, a economia brasileira cresceu com inflação declinante e equilíbrio externo através da redistribuição da renda de baixo para cima, da expansão dos empréstimos a estratos qualificados dos assalariados para o consumo de bens duráveis e da entrada maciça de recursos externos, processo que ficou conhecido como milagre econômico brasileiro (1968-73). Crescimento econômico acelerado, interdição do debate público, repressão e consenso político nas cúpulas de poder convergiram de forma marcante. O pensamento econômico de Delfim Netto conferiu substância a esse projeto nacional. / Our study aims to systematically and critically analyze Antônio Delfim Nettos thought, an Economist, Professor and public figure, and interweave his thought and political action with the political and economic context in Brazil in the 1960\'s. This investigation starts by the analysis of essential elements that made the Brazilian industrialization possible in its different phases, from the 19th century to the 1960\'s, as well as some of the most important exponents of the ideological debate regarding the Brazilian development between the 1930\'s and the 1960\'s. We then examine Delfim Netto\'s thought in its internal logic, aiming to retrieve the fundamental elements of his intellectual production up to the 1980\'s. This exam reveals that the main categories of Delfim Netto\'s intellectual production are development and planning, which are vital to his interpretation of underdevelopment. He conceives that underdevelopment arises from insufficiencies in the field of capital accumulation, which leads to his key view that the Brazilian society would have to carry out a conscious effort to maximize the profit rates and direct more resources to the production process through the tax system, and political coercion when necessary. Planning has the role of foreseeing and overcoming the most important obstacles in the economy before they become a blocking factor to the development, whilst politics is an intervening variable that gives meaning to Delfim Nettos mathematical models. Considering the historical processes and Delfim Nettos theoretical constructions, we analyze his ascension to determining political institutions during the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-85), when he had the unique opportunity of putting his interpretations into practice. The suspension of the political arena, which was accomplished through the Institutional Act n. 5 (AI-5), delivered the possibility of direct negotiation, without mediation, between the planners and the actors that were considered relevant to the Brazilian development. During Delfim Nettos office as a minister for the Economy and Finance (1967-74), the Brazilian economy grew along with declining inflation and external balance through income redistribution from the poorer to the richer, credit expansion to the qualified working force for the consumption of durable goods, and massive inflow of external funds. This process was thereafter named Brazilian economic miracle (1968-73). Fast economic growth, prohibition of the public debate, repression, and political consent among the political leaders converged remarkably. Delfim Nettos economic thought provided substance to this national program.

A statement of Harvard economists about the impact of demographic variables on the East Asian economic growth, often called "economic miracle", raised many discussions about the sources of economic growth. In this work, I focus on the historical development of the mainstream opinions on the field of demographic-economic relations and the role of the demographic characteristics in the economic growth models. This paper uses graphics tools to analyse the changes in mortality, fertility, dependecy ratios and age structures in four Asian countries (Hongkong, Singapore, South Korea and Japan). These demographics values prepared the basis for their rapid economic development. I compare empirical results of Kelley and Schmidt model, Bloom model and Mishra model to make a conclusion of what is the impact of demographic variables on the economic growth and how they contribute to the total economic growth. Finally, I draw the attention to the macroeconomic interventions with detailed focus on domestic savings, labour market flexibility and human capital investments.

The event known as the miracle of Cihost happened in a small village Číhošť in the region of Havlickuv Brod at the end of 1949, beginning of 1950. A crucifix moved on the altar during a sermon. The event led to an investigation and the detention of local priest, Josef Toufar, by the State Secret Police. Father Toufar became one of the first victims of the newly established totalitarian regime. This work called "The Media Portrayal of the Miracle of Cihost Over the Change of Time" presents the case known as the miracle of Cihost over three historical periods. The first period is connected with the origin of the case, therefore the end of 1949, beginning of 1950, the second period, which deals with events in Cihost to a certain extent, is the reform year 1968 and the last period is represented by the velvet revolution in 1989 which changed the established manner of functioning of state apparatus in our country and during which time the existing media system also transformed. The aim of this work is to point out the differences in the interpretations of this case in separate historical periods as each period deals with the case in question very differently. Part of this project was an effort to point out the political and media situation in all of the presented periods. Political and media events had...

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra biblických věd Pavel Samec Nebojte se! Téma strachu v synoptických evangeliích Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Mireia Ryšková, Dr. theol. Praha 2019 2 Abstract The thesis deals with the topic of the fear in synoptic gospels. Fear is a phenomenon that affects every person and is subject of interest to several scientific disciplines. This thesis is focusing on fear as an emotion. The selection of gospel excerpts is narrowed to those containing call to overcome fear. The pericopes are categorized according to situations causing fear: fear of the future, fear of people, fear of tasks' difficulty, fear during miraculous apparitions, fear of death, and fear of apocalyptic dreads. The last topic of the thesis are general calls to overcome fear. The reactions of the biblical personalities are diverse and can be viewed as model attitudes inspiring modern society. In the introduction, the topic of fear is briefly characterized in perspective of psychology, philosophy and theology. The focus of the thesis is the exegesis of selected pericopes, thematically sorted into seven chapters ending with short recapitulations of the main ideas. After the generalizing conclusion, an overlap into spiritual life is suggested.

The most frequent - but not the only - way of telling Josef Škvorecký's prose is with the first grammatical person of the singular from the point of view of a male figure, for example that of one of Danny Smiřický. But female characters also play an important role in the story. The aim of this thesis is to study the way in which female figures are shaped in some Škvorecký's prose works. Therefore, we want to study the order in which we learn information about them, what passages are devoted to their characteristics or what other data in the text is associated with them. We rely on the literature on the theory of the character (e. g. Hausenblas and Macurová) and on literature about the author (e. g. Kosková, Trenský, Solecki). Key words: Josef Škvorecký, character, woman, narrator, description, dialogue, Emöke, The Miracle Game, The End of the Nylon Age