Este trabalho busca aprofundar a análise sobre os aspectos autoritários do sistema político brasileiro durante o período conhecido como Milagre Econômico (1969-1973), cujo suporte ideológico foi fundamentado e sustentado pela Doutrina de Segurança Nacional e Desenvolvimento, produzida pela Escola Superior de Guerra. Através de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica de autores que se debruçaram sobre o tema, dos manuais de segurança nacional e, sobretudo dos planos econômicos que correspondem ao período estudado, em especial o Plano de Ação Econômica, Programa Estratégico de Desenvolvimento e o Primeiro Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento, percebemos o quanto o autoritarismo político foi necessário para que os governos militares impusessem um novo modelo econômico, que se de um lado propiciou o rápido desenvolvimento da economia e a redução da inflação, por outro, desvalorizou os salários dos trabalhadores, aumentou o processo de endividamento e de concentração de renda, aumentando ainda mais a desigualdade social no Brasil. Nossa pesquisa analisa também de que forma ocorre a renovação da tradição autoritária brasileira, do ponto de vista do sistema político que historicamente sempre reprimiu com violência movimentos de contestação a ordem vigente. Agora através da forte repressão política as forças de oposição aos militares, sob a égide do combate ao comunismo internacional no contexto da guerra fria. Por fim, o trabalho de pesquisa mostra que a acumulação capitalista do período estudado (1969-1973), só foi possível pelo emprego da violência institucional colocada em prática pelo Estado Autoritário, sob o comando das forças armadas. / This study seeks to deepen the analysis of the authoritarian aspects of the Brazilian political system during the period known as the Economic Miracle (1969-1973), whose ideological support was reasoned and supported by the National Security Doctrine and Development, produced by the War College. Through extensive literature survey of authors who have studied the subject, manuals and national security, especially economic plans that correspond to the period studied, in particular the Economic Action Plan, Strategic Program Development and the First National Development Plan, realize how the political authoritarianism that was necessary for the military government to impose a new economic model, which is a side facilitated the rapid development of economy and reducing inflation, on the other hand, played down the wages of workers, increased the process of borrowing and concentration of income, further increasing social inequality in Brazil. Our research also analyzes how is the renewal of the Brazilian authoritarian tradition, from the standpoint of the political system that has historically repressed violently protest movements established order. Now through strong political repression of opposition forces to the military, under the aegis of the fight against international communism in the context of the Cold War. Finally, the research work shows that the capital accumulation of the period studied (1969-1973), was made possible by the use of institutional violence put in place by authoritarian rule, under the command of the armed forces.

There are many different ways that the power of a word is expressed in the New Testament. In most cases, this power is bound to the person of Jesus Christ, and its outcome is positive. Through his word Jesus not only heals, exorcizes, and brings the dead back to the life, but he also curses. This thesis discusses the question, what the New Testament says about various imprecations, maledictions and many other negative appearances of a word and the demonstrations of its power. This thesis comprises an overall outline of the passages from the New Testament and their commentaries, which appear to be close to the selected theme. In the first part the thesis deals with the notion and relevance of a "word" and "human speech" for people and their relationship with God. In the second part, this thesis delves into the area of imprecations and maledictions. The third part is dedicated to promises and oaths. The fourth part aims to the theme of wrath and how its expressed in words in the texts of the New Testament, that are connected with the selected theme, including the commentaries. The aim of the thesis is primarily to present the issue of the impact of negative words on human life including the accessible interpretations of selected parts and their evaluation, which is a subject, in my opinion, that in general...

This thesis examines the effects of the so-called Hartz IV reform on the German labour market development, with special emphasis on unemployment reduction. To determine the causal link, a variety of tools are used, namely macroeconomic studies, worker flow analysis, surveys and comparison with competing arguments. Preponderance of evidence suggests, that Hartz IV played a significant role in unemployment rate reduction in the period following its implementation. Size of this effects is hard to discern exactly, but an estimate in the range of 1,5-2 percentage points should be quite accurate. Contrary to popular belief, this reduction did not occur to the detriment of general job quality, such as by splitting of old jobs or by dilution of their working hours. Furthermore, the issue of relative poverty is investigated. The thesis concludes that the increase in relative poverty was not caused primarily by Hartz IV, nor is it a good measure of actual living standard. The increase seems to be to a large degree driven by demographic changes, mainly the decreasing size of German households.

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Ce mémoire sur l'anthropogenèse d'un croyant dans et par sa pratique de lecture, étudie plus particulièrement, selon la perspective sémiotique, les figures de lecteurs dans le récit selon Marc de la guérison de l'enfant épileptique (Mc. 9, 14-29). La rupture épistémologique entre la sémiotique greimassienne et celle des signifiants et du figurai, développée entre autres par François Martin au sein du Centre pour l'analyse du discours religieux (CADIR), permet de cerner les structures anthropologiques fondamentales et la genèse de l'humain dans l'individu. Fondamentalement un croyant, l'humain dont le regard est trans-figuré peut re-naître "fils" dans et par la foi de l'autre et, ultimement, par la confession de sa foi reçue et confortée par celle rencontrée dans la figure de Jésus. L'étude montre incidemment une autre façon de faire théologie et signale la conversion personnelle comme seul moyen de poursuivre la mission ecclésiale au nom de Celui qui vient.

This research has the objective to explore the concept of faith in the Gospel of Mark. An exegetical investigation of the faith terminology (pist-word group) in the Gospel is required for that. An analysis of the model passages with occurrences of the motword group shows the variety of possible connotations of the term. The most paradigmatic of them are in the sense of trust in God [which means to be open towards the highest reality]. Comparison of the results of the analysis with the concept of faith in the Old Testament, Classical Greek, and Hellenistic Greek is helpful to understand the etymology of the Markan use of the pist-word group and to make clear the conceptual meaning of faith in the Gospel which is closer to the Old Testament idea of an active commitment to God expressed in a continuous existence in the presence of Him. / New Testament / M. Th. (New Testament)

This study reaffirms the traditional theory of processional staging of the cycle of plays, collectively known as the Corpus Christi Play, that was performed at York in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Because comparative studies of the various cycles are of little value, this thesis focuses on an examination of surviving civic records, as well as current scholarship, to confirm that the plays at York were performed processionally. An analysis of the relationship between the liturgical Corpus Christi procession and the Play indicates that the two, although concurrent, were separate events.

Nosso estudo se propõe a analisar de maneira sistemática e crítica o pensamento do economista, professor universitário e homem público Antônio Delfim Netto e entrelaçar seu pensamento e sua atuação política com a conjuntura político-econômica dos anos 1960 no Brasil. A pesquisa se inicia pela análise dos elementos essenciais que possibilitaram a industrialização brasileira em suas diferentes fases, do século XIX à década de 1960, e de alguns dos principais expoentes do debate sobre o desenvolvimento brasileiro entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, de modo a fornecer um panorama dos dilemas que se apresentavam à economia brasileira. Passamos, então, à análise do pensamento de Delfim Netto em sua lógica interna, buscando extrair os elementos fundamentais de sua produção intelectual até a década de 1980. Esse exame revela que as principais categorias da produção de Delfim Netto são o desenvolvimento e o planejamento, vitais para sua concepção do subdesenvolvimento. Este se identificaria com insuficiências na esfera da acumulação, o que leva Delfim a considerar que a sociedade brasileira deveria realizar um esforço consciente no sentido da maximização das taxas de acumulação e de canalização de mais recursos ao processo produtivo através do sistema tributário e, quando necessário, da coação política. O planejamento teria o papel de prever e superar os obstáculos ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento antes que eles se tornassem fatores impeditivos do crescimento. A política é a variável interveniente que dá sentido aos modelos de Delfim. Por fim, à luz dos processos históricos e em função do arsenal teórico de Delfim Netto, analisamos sua ascensão a instâncias políticas determinantes durante a ditadura militar brasileira (1964-85), quando teve a oportunidade única de colocar suas reflexões em prática. A suspensão da esfera política, sacramentada pelo Ato Institucional nº 5 (AI-5), possibilitou a negociação direta entre os planejadores e os atores considerados relevantes para o desenvolvimento. Nos anos em que Delfim foi ministro da Fazenda, a economia brasileira cresceu com inflação declinante e equilíbrio externo através da redistribuição da renda de baixo para cima, da expansão dos empréstimos a estratos qualificados dos assalariados para o consumo de bens duráveis e da entrada maciça de recursos externos, processo que ficou conhecido como milagre econômico brasileiro (1968-73). Crescimento econômico acelerado, interdição do debate público, repressão e consenso político nas cúpulas de poder convergiram de forma marcante. O pensamento econômico de Delfim Netto conferiu substância a esse projeto nacional. / Our study aims to systematically and critically analyze Antônio Delfim Nettos thought, an Economist, Professor and public figure, and interweave his thought and political action with the political and economic context in Brazil in the 1960\'s. This investigation starts by the analysis of essential elements that made the Brazilian industrialization possible in its different phases, from the 19th century to the 1960\'s, as well as some of the most important exponents of the ideological debate regarding the Brazilian development between the 1930\'s and the 1960\'s. We then examine Delfim Netto\'s thought in its internal logic, aiming to retrieve the fundamental elements of his intellectual production up to the 1980\'s. This exam reveals that the main categories of Delfim Netto\'s intellectual production are development and planning, which are vital to his interpretation of underdevelopment. He conceives that underdevelopment arises from insufficiencies in the field of capital accumulation, which leads to his key view that the Brazilian society would have to carry out a conscious effort to maximize the profit rates and direct more resources to the production process through the tax system, and political coercion when necessary. Planning has the role of foreseeing and overcoming the most important obstacles in the economy before they become a blocking factor to the development, whilst politics is an intervening variable that gives meaning to Delfim Nettos mathematical models. Considering the historical processes and Delfim Nettos theoretical constructions, we analyze his ascension to determining political institutions during the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-85), when he had the unique opportunity of putting his interpretations into practice. The suspension of the political arena, which was accomplished through the Institutional Act n. 5 (AI-5), delivered the possibility of direct negotiation, without mediation, between the planners and the actors that were considered relevant to the Brazilian development. During Delfim Nettos office as a minister for the Economy and Finance (1967-74), the Brazilian economy grew along with declining inflation and external balance through income redistribution from the poorer to the richer, credit expansion to the qualified working force for the consumption of durable goods, and massive inflow of external funds. This process was thereafter named Brazilian economic miracle (1968-73). Fast economic growth, prohibition of the public debate, repression, and political consent among the political leaders converged remarkably. Delfim Nettos economic thought provided substance to this national program.

Das Ziel dieser Thesis ist es, Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung zu analysieren. Drei verschiedene Arbeitsmarktmodelle dienen dazu: Ein Wettbewerbsmodell (Marshall (1920)), ein rigides Arbeitsmarktmodell (Pigou (1933)) und ein Matchingmodell (Pissarides (2000)). Unterschiedliche Hypothesen über den Zusammenhang von mehreren Arbeitsmarktindikatoren werden theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch evaluiert. Diese Arbeit adressiert drei Forschungsfragen: Welcher Art ist das große Beschäftigungswachstum in Deutschland nach 2005? Waren Angebots- oder Nachfragefaktoren wichtiger für die Lohnspreizung nach 2003? Welche der zwei Hypothesen ist plausibel? a) Ein negativer Schock auf die Lohnstarrheit wegen sinkender Gewerkschaftsmacht und/oder beschäftigungsbewussten Lohnabschlüssen oder b) ein positiver Arbeitsangebotsschock aufgrund von Arbeitsmarktreformen. Die Antworten auf die drei Fragen sind: Das Beschäftigungswachstum seit 2005 vollzog sich primär über eine Ausweitung der Erwerbstätigen durch mehr Teilzeitarbeit. Die Lohnspreizung auch für Teilzeitbeschäftigte, welche mit einem eigens erstellten synthetischen Datensatz untersucht wird, begann 2003 und endete 2011. Die Kovariation des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts in dieser Zeit, also negative Korrelationen von Löhnen mit Beschäftigungs- bzw. Partizipationsmaßen, passen am besten zu einem Wettbewerbsmodell mit dominanten positiven Arbeitsangebotsschocks. Interpretation ist, dass diese positiven Angebotsschocks durch die Arbeitsmarktreformen induziert wurden. / The goal of this thesis is to analyze labor demand and labor supply factors in Germany since reunification. It is based on three different labor market frameworks: a competitive labor market model (Marshall (1920)), a rigid labor market model (Pigou (1933)), and a search-and-matching model (Pissarides (2000)). Differing hypothesis about the co-variation of labor market indicators are derived theoretically, and are evaluated empirically. Three research questions are addressed in this thesis: What is the nature of the large expansion of employment in Germany after 2005? Were supply or demand factors more important for the increase in employment and wage dispersion after 2003? Which of the two competing hypotheses is more plausible? a) A negative shock to wage rigidity due to declining union power and/or more employment-conscious wage bargaining, or b) a positive labor supply shock due to changes in labor market policies. The main findings corresponding to the three stated research questions are: The expansion of employment in Germany since 2005 has primarily been at the extensive margin due to the increase of part-time employment. The Dispersion of hourly wages, which is expanded in a synthetic panel to include part-time employment, began in 2003 and ended in 2011. The labor market outcomes in Germany in this period, namely the negative correlation of wages with employment and participation, correspond most closely to the competitive labor market model with dominant supply shocks. These positive labor supply shocks are interpreted to be induced by major labor market reforms.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-10T17:33:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Eugênio de Leão Esteves.pdf: 1401588 bytes, checksum: b60594ec9276e2ba9bf9fb56f8959b8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T17:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Eugênio de Leão Esteves.pdf: 1401588 bytes, checksum: b60594ec9276e2ba9bf9fb56f8959b8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The central purpose of this work is to make a reflection about the construct of the term miscegenation in the book Tent of Miracles (1969), written by Jorge Amado, and then find and cross multiple contributions intellectual, affective and empirical that may have influenced in the elaboration of the discourse evidenced in the literary text. So, the author's life is taken as research source. We understand his artistic elaboration as an esthetic experimentation that emerges from – and remits to – a specific social context that he lived. Also, we focus mainly on the concepts about miscegenation that emerge in the literary text itself, making Tent of Miracles our primordial source. Considering the multiple significances of the term miscegenation in historiography, we are focusing in its use on the literary object, taking into account the significances and concepts that this term has acquired in different times and places. We point the closer relation between the construct of miscegenation and literary representations of the city of Salvador in Tent. We analyses the microcosms of the city represented and its relation with the idea of miscegenation present in the text. The objective is to identify and understand, in the literary work, vestiges of possible overviews of historical conjunctures. Here, we understand literature like a possible document for historical research, taking into account the subjectivities present in an artistic document. Also, we think important to understand and discuss historical functions of Tent of Miracles – like pointed by Antonio Candido, who identifies this function in the literary structure, considering that this one has direct relations with author significances about the place where the literary piece is conceived, a relevant aspect, considering that the place that has inspired Amado was the same the novel is set in. We point out that Tent presents us refracted images of Jorge Amado’s living between black people, frequenting territories and having experiences in Salvador. This fact brings some elements that problematize the historiographic formulation about Amado like an author who exalted the miscegenation like a way of racial pacification. This research proposes to think about an author facet, analyzing it from his own creation, not looking for answers established of the history in the literature, or the opposite, but trying to find signs of feedback between history and literature – an approach that presents us to subjects, overviews, ruptures and historical continuities / Esta dissertação tem como proposta central refletir sobre o construto do termo mestiçagem na obra Tenda dos Milagres (1969), de Jorge Amado, e com isso descortinar e intercruzar as diversas contribuições intelectuais, afetivas e empíricas na elaboração de um discurso evidenciado em texto literário. Projetamos, assim, o autor como fonte da pesquisa, entendendo sua elaboração artística como um se lançar estético que – emerge de e remete a – um fazer social, ao tempo que focamos atenção no uso do termo mestiçagem no interior literário, nas tramas de seu texto, portanto, em Tenda dos Milagres como fonte primeira. Diante do valor polissêmico deste termo na historiografia, atentamos para a sua substância no interior do objeto literário, considerando os significados moldados do seu uso entre os variados sujeitos, tempos e lugares. Constata-se, portanto, a estreita relação deste construto discursivo com as representações associadas à cidade de Salvador na obra literária, bem como a função da cidade na condição de palco de vivência do autor, o que motiva a análise dos microcosmos construídos por essas representações na modelagem da ideia de mestiçagem no texto. Como em caminho contrário, pelo objeto artístico chegar ao autor, que mediou as estruturas entre o universal e o subjetivo, objetiva-se investigar os rastros que possam nos apontar panoramas de conjunturas históricas a partir da peça literária. Compreende-se, dessa forma, a literatura como documento possível a ser aferido na pesquisa histórica se abordado por uma metodologia que considere as subjetividades de um documento artístico. É imprescindível entender, sobretudo, as funções históricas as quais Tenda dos Milagres cumpre enquanto fonte de aferição para a historiografia – como aborda Antonio Candido, que identifica essa função na própria estrutura literária, a qual tem relação direta com as significações do autor sobre o lugar onde a obra foi gestada, observação que se reforça nesta fonte, uma vez que o lugar embrionário da obra é o mesmo que ambienta a trama ficcional. Destacamos que o romance nos apresentou imagens refratadas de uma vivência presente no interior da cultura negra baiana, em seus territórios e em suas práticas; e essa percepção traz elementos que problematizam, sem negar, a formulação historiográfica sobre Jorge Amado que o referencia como um autor que exaltou a mestiçagem como via de entendimentos raciais. A pesquisa se dá a repensar uma faceta do escritor através de sua própria criação, não procurando respostas cimentadas da história na literatura ou o contrário, mas encontrando indícios de retroalimentação entre estes campos, o que nos apresenta articulações entre sujeitos, panoramas, rupturas e continuidades históricas