The aim of this study is to investigate rules and teachers´ expectations that are described by teachers and documents, what sort of pupils´ disorder that teachers put their attention to, in what way teachers´ are correcting pupils´ misbehaviours as well as how female and male teachers are correcting boys and girls. The study is based on a so called Yo-yo fieldwork in three schools. Three grade seven classes were followed during three periods of the first eight months of the school year 2003-2004. In sum 49 teachers and 74 pupils were observed. The analysis was accomplished by means of procedures influenced by Grounded Theory. According to the results, teachers during start of the semester explain what sort of pupil behaviour they are expecting and not expecting. Teachers and school leaders also describes rules that are to be followed at each one of the schools. The analysis of misbehaviours of pupils that teachers paid attention to could be divided into four categories: disturbing ways of handling oneself, misuse of school materials, odd traits or peculiarities and lack of order in the classroom. The analysis also showed that the teachers were most disturbed by pupils talking out of turn. Teachers’ attention to pupils’ misbehaviours came out as a result of pupils spending time on their own projects during lessons. The analysis of the corrections that the 49 teachers used towards misbehaviours that they paid attention to showed that the most common strategy was appeals to behave better. It was also showed that teachers’ corrections could be divided into two categories: non-verbal signals and verbal measures. Teachers’ corrections were meant to direct the pupils back to work, make the pupils follow collegial agreements and make the pupils show respect for their teacher. According to whether or not pupils´ as well as teachers´ sex mattered I found that both female and male teachers found boys as most disturbing and therefore boys were corrected most often. The results are finally discussed in relation to other research and according to the social psychological, the praxis and the teacher perspective that were used in the study. / Syftet med denna studie är att studera regler och förväntningar som förmedlades av lärare och dokument, vilka elevbeteende som uppmärksammades som störande, hur lärarna korrigerade beteenden som uppmärksammats som störande och eventuella skillnader mellan kvinnliga och manliga lärares uppmärksamhet och korrigeringar av flickor och pojkar. En Yo-yo fältstudie har genomförts på tre skolor. Tre skolår 7 klasser följdes under tre perioder under de åtta första månaderna av läsåret 2003-2004. Sammanlagt observerades 49 lärare och 74 elever. Analysen genomfördes genom procedurer inspirerade av Grounded Theory. Enligt resultatet förklarar lärare vid terminsstart vilka elevbeteenden som är önskvärda och inte önskvärda. Lärare och skolledare förklarar också vilka regler som gäller på de olika skolorna. Analysen av störande beteenden visar att lärare riktar mest uppmärksamhet mot elevers otillåtna prat. Lärarnas uppmärksamhet mot störande beteende kunde delas upp i fyra kategorier: störande aktivitet, störande artefakt, störande egenhet och störande oordning. Orsaken till att lärarna stördes var att eleverna genom fokus på egna projekt kom att avskärma sig från det sociala sammanhanget. Analysen av lärarnas korrigeringar visar att de 49 lärarnas vanligast förekommande korrigering var uppmaningar. Lärarnas korrigeringar av uppmärksammat störande beteende kunde vidare delas upp i två kategorier: icke-verbala eller verbala åtgärder. Lärarnas korrigeringar avsåg att återföra elever till arbetet, att få dem att följa kollegiala överenskommelser eller att få dem att visa respekt för läraren. Sambandet mellan elevernas och lärarnas kön visade att pojkar uppmärksammades som mest störande och följaktligen också korrigerades mest. Resultaten diskuteras avslutningsvis i ljuset av annan forskning i relation till de lärar-, socialpsykologiska och praxisnära perspektiven som använts för studien.

La présente thèse de doctorat porte sur la relation entre la perception de la justice organisationnelle, l’émission de comportements inadaptés au travail et la santé psychologique des individus au travail. En plus de développer un outil de mesure des comportements inadaptés au travail et d’entreprendre un processus de validation de celui-ci, le présent travail propose que les comportements inadaptés au travail puissent occuper un rôle soit protecteur ou explicatif dans la relation qui unit la perception de la justice organisationnelle avec la santé psychologique des individus au travail. Au sein de cette thèse, le premier article recense la documentation scientifique quant aux variables de la perception de la justice organisationnelle, de l’émission des comportements inadaptés au travail et de la santé psychologique des individus au travail, ainsi que les liens qui unissent ces variables. Aussi, les modèles conceptuels des rôles modérateur et médiateur des comportements inadaptés au travail sont proposés au sein de la relation entre la perception de la justice organisationnelle et la santé psychologique des individus au travail. Le deuxième article a pour objectif de développer un outil de mesure des comportements inadaptés au travail et de tester ses propriétés psychométriques. Ainsi, des analyses statistiques exploratoires et confirmatoires ont été effectuées. Afin d’appuyer la valeur critériée de l’outil proposé, une analyse corrélationnelle a été réalisée avec le critère de l’adaptation. Certaines valeurs psychométriques de l’outil sont validées par les résultats obtenus. Le troisième article examine empiriquement les modèles conceptuels des rôles anticipés des comportements inadaptés au travail dans la relation entre la perception de la justice organisationnelle et la santé psychologique des individus au travail. La perception de la justice organisationnelle a été vue sous les composantes distributive, procédurale, informationnelle et interpersonnelle. De son côté, la santé psychologique des individus a été observée par le biais des éléments du bien-être et de la détresse psychologique au travail. Les différentes analyses de régressions multiples hiérarchiques ont permis d’observer l’absence du rôle modérateur des comportements inadaptés au travail. Pour sa part, l’utilisation du test de Sobel a démontré la présence du rôle médiateur des comportements inadaptés au travail dans certaines relations. Plus exactement, celles-ci sont la relation entre la justice interpersonnelle et le bien-être psychologique au travail, la relation entre la justice interpersonnelle et la détresse psychologique au travail, ainsi que la relation entre la justice distributive et la détresse psychologique au travail. Finalement, la conclusion de la thèse présente une synthèse des résultats et expose les limites et pistes de recherches futures. / The present doctoral thesis treats of the relation between perception of organizational justice, emission of misbehaviours at work, and individuals’ psychological health at work. In addition to developing and undertaking a validation process for a measuring scale of misbehaviours at work, the present thesis proposes that these behaviours may occupy either a protective or an explicative role in the relationship that unites the perception of organizational justice with individuals’ psychological health at work. Within the thesis, the first article lists scientific literature concerning the perception of organizational justice, the emission of misbehaviours at work, and individuals’ psychological health at work. This article also includes a revue of links that unite the variables presently at study. Following this review, two conceptual models about possible roles played by misbehaviours at work in the relationship between perception of organizational justice and individuals’ psychological health at work are developed. More precisely, these models are conceptualisation of the moderating and mediating roles of inadequate work behaviours. The second article’s goal is the development of a measuring scale for misbehaviours at work and testing its psychometric proprieties. In this context, exploratory and confirmatory statistical analyses were made. Also, in order to support the criterion value of the proposed tool, a correlation analysis was made with the criteria of adaptation. The results showed that certain psychometric values were validated. The third article empirically examines the conceptual models developed about the possible roles played by misbehaviours at work in the relationship between perception of organizational justice and individuals’ psychological health at work. Organisational justice perception was analysed under distributive, procedural, informational and interpersonal components. As for individuals’ psychological health at work, it was observed through the psychological well-being and distress elements. The different multiple hierarchical regression analyses helped observe the absence of a moderator role for misbehaviours at work. Using the Sobel test showed the presence of a mediator role for misbehaviours at work in the relationship between the interpersonal organizational justice component and well-being, as well as psychological distress at work. This same test highlighted the mediator role of misbehaviours at work in the relationship between the distributive component of organizational justice and the psychological distress at work of individuals. Finally, the conclusion of this thesis presents a synthesis of the results and highlights the limits and future research ideas.