Thesis (DTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / In the Nigerian church and society negative gender stereotyping is pronounced in every aspect of human activities. The basic premise of this study therefore is that the Nigerian church and society need to deal with these negative gender stereotypes which breed gender insensitivity and injustice. Those cultural, political and economic structures, those proverbs and myths that have hitherto hindered women from attaining their full potential have to give way to a new mind-set and a change in attitude in both men and women in order to bring the much needed transformation and gender partnership in Nigeria. The study in surveying the landscape highlights some important issues that women have to struggle with. Among other things, the low female literacy rate is one of the greatest hindrances women have today. This is due to the institutionalised structures and culturally created lenses that make some people still perceive men as more superior than women and therefore regard the education of women as a waste of resources. Although men are always perceived to be the better and more superior specie, this study does not advocate for gender bending. What is important is people being who God has made them to be and working with others as partners for a better human society. Women’s involvement in development is based on the theological premise that true development must have a holistic approach which more than building infrastructures, deals with the development of humans. A holistic approach to development implies a transformational development that is different from the status quo which is overshadowed by men’s voices and experiences. Women’s voices, experiences and potentials have to play a major role in this approach. The need to listen to women was further stressed by Powers (2003: viii) when he said: Unless we listen, any action we may take in this area, no matter how well intentioned, is likely to bypass the real concerns of women and to confirm female condescension and reinforce male dominance. Listening, in a spirit of partnership and equality, is the most practical response we can make and is the foundation for our mutual partnership to reform unjust structures.

Thesis (DTh)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is generally said that modern Korean church leadership has gradually lost its vitality. Since the 1960s, many Korean church leaders have implemented secularised, church-centred, and authoritarian leadership. However, without noticing these fundamental problems, the leaders have identified the crisis with membership stagnation or decline. Such an inadequate or even wrong diagnosis of leadership realities has led to a wrong way of addressing the problem. The Korean church has focused on the development of a methodology for numerical church growth to remedy this membership decline. This study thus aims to construct a contextual yet biblical leadership theology by which the Korean church can evaluate the realities of its leadership appropriately. This aim can be achieved by means of the methodology that is employed in contemporary practical theology. Chapter 2 provides a general understanding of the context in which Korean church leaders have provided leadership by discussing Korean church history from the perspective of the role that dominant leadership images have played. The result demonstrates that a sound theology of church leadership needs to be constructed for the Korean church. Chapter 3 reviews the trends in contemporary practical theology from which the methodology employed by this study is derived. The chapter also surveys the historical development of leadership theories in social science from which theoretical support can be obtained for the critical analysis of Korean church leadership. Chapter 4 develops a systematic theological theory (base theory) for two concepts that play an integral role in this study. PTA (practical theological anthropology) and PTE (practical theological ecclesiology) function as theological foundations for this study. The four-phased methodology that this study employs starts with an analysis of the contextual situation. Chapter 5, as the descriptive phase, gives a statistical analysis of the realities of leadership in the Korean church by using several reports of surveys from reliable research organizations. Chapter 6, as the hemeneutic phase, presents an interpretive endeavour of the empirical results from Chapter 5. Because of the inadequacy of mono-dimensional interpretation, this study attempts to interpret the results of the analysis multi-dimensionally: religio-culturally, socio-politically and economically, and theologically. Chapter 7, as the nonnative phase, demonstrates some theological principles that the current Korean church should develop in order to cope with the present leadership crisis and to choose the right direction for its future. These theological principles can be derived from the statistical analysis and its interpretation in the light of PTA and PTE. The principles are: spirituality, vision, and love. Chapter 8, as the strategic phase, proposes a model of leadership for the Korean church, namely, servant leadership. This model can integrate and reflect the three principles (spirituality, vision, and love) demonstrated in Chapter 7. The Korean church will be on the right path if the principles of a servant approach characterise leadership in the church. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word in die algemeen gese dat die hedendaagse Koreaanse kerkleierskap sy lewenskrag geleidelik verloor het. Sedert die 1960s het baie Koreaanse kerkleiers sekulere leierskap, kerkgesentreerde leierskap en outoritere leierskap gelmplementeer. Sonder om kennis te neem van hierdie basiese probleme, het die leiers egter hul leierskapskrisis toegeskryf aan die stagnasie of afname in lidmaatskap. Dit was 'n ontoereikende of selfs verkeerde diagnose van die probleem. Die Koreanse kerk het deurgaans gefokus op die ontwikkeling van 'n metodologie vir getallegroei in die kerk om die lidmaatskapsafname te probeer regstel. Hierdie navorsing beoog dus om 'n kontekstuele teologiese teorie te ontwikkel waardeur die Koreaanse kerk die realiteite van sy leierskap toepaslik kan evalueer. Hierdie doel kan bereik word deur middel van die metodologie wat in praktiese teologie gebruik word. Hoofstuk 2 bevat 'n beskrywing van die konteks waarin Koreaanse kerkleiers leiding geneem het. Dit beskryf die Koreaanse kerkgeskiedenis vanaf die perspektief van leierskap. Die resultaat demonstreer die noodsaak van 'n kontekstuele teologiese teorie vir kerkleierskap in die Koreaanse kerk. Hoofstuk 3 verskaf 'n oorsig van standpunte in hedendaagse praktiese teologie waaruit die metodologie, wat in hierdie navorsing toegepas is, voortvloei. Die hoofstuk bied ook 'n oorsig oor die historiese ontwikkeling van leierskapsteoriee in die sosiale wetenskap wat teoretiese ondersteuning kan bied vir die voorstelle wat die studie maak. Hoofstuk 4 ontwikkel 'n basisteorie vir twee sleutel konsepte in die studie. 'n PTA (praktiesteologiese antropologie) en 'n PTE (prakties-teologiese ekklesiologie) funksioneer as teologiese basis vir hierdie navorsing. Die vier-fase metodologie wat deur hierdie studie geimplementeer word, begin met 'n analise van die konteks. Hoofstuk 5, as die beskrywende fase, verskaf 'n statistiese analise van die realiteite van die leierskap in die Koreaanse kerk deur verskeie verslae of oorsigte te gebruik afkomstig van betroubare navorsingsorganisasies. Hoofstuk 6, as die hermeneutiese fase, bied 'n poging om die empiriese resultate van Hoofstuk 5 te vertolk. As gevolg van die ontoereikendheid van eendimensionale interpretasie, poog hierdie studie om die resultate van die analise multi-dimensioneel te vertolk: godsdienskultureel, sosio-polities en ekonomies, en teologies. Hoofstuk 7, as die normatiewe fase, demonstreer sommige teologiese beginsels wat die huidige Koreaanse kerk moet ontwikkel om die huidige leierskapskrisis die hoof te bied en die regte rigting vir die toekoms te kies. Hierdie teologiese beginsels kan afgelei word van die statistiese analise en die interpretasie daarvan in die lig van 'n PTA en 'n PTE. Die beginsels is: spiritualiteit, visie en liefde. Hoofstuk 8, as die strategiese fase, stel 'n model van leierskap vir die Koreaanse kerk voor, naamlik diensknegleierskap. Hierdie model kan die drie beginsels integreer en reflekteer (spiritualiteit, visie en liefde) wat in Hoofstuk 7 voorgestel is. Die Koreaanse kerk is op die regte pad as die beginsels van 'n dienskneg benadering leierskap in die kerk kenmerk.

Thesis (DTh)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation addresses the functioning of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in South Africa and the disillusionment and alienation of its members. Its aim is to uncover what the key factors are in the administrative functioning that has contributed to the disillusionment and alienation of the rank and file from the administration of the church. It gives particular attention to five aspects of administration: administrative authority, leadership, power, transition, and organizational structures. The objectives of the study are multifaceted. It wants to sensitize and make the Conference and Union administrations aware of the issues that separate them from the rank and file in the church, and how that the present challenges can be solved on a broad consultative basis. Furthermore, the study wants to make recommendations as to how broader representation can be established. Importantly, the study wishes to help the SDA Church administration to maintain a healthy balance between the church as institution and the church as organism. The study is basically exploratory as it seeks to explore the social phenomenon between the administrative functioning and the grassroots of the church for the reason of gaining insight as well as to explain the reason for its existence. It is also hermeneutical in nature as it seeks to establish a proper understanding of the interrelatedness between the administrative functioning and the laity in the church. Empirical enquiry is an important aspect of the study as it employs structured interviews with church boards and survey questionnaires to pastors in order to establish quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study. The study made use of a practical-theological methodology. The methodology is a hermeneutical sensitive and correlational dialogue that brings different theological parameters into dialogue with the realities of practice of ministry and the world. Chapter one introduces the study. It outlines the various dimensions of the study. Chapters two and three are historical. It deals with the present reality and the identity of the church using literary sources. Chapter five deals with the empirical research and gives a description of the views of ministers and the church boards concerning the five aspects of administration of the church, which has been researched. Chapters four and six deals with the theoretical-theological aspects of the study. Chapter four deals with the tension that exists between the church as institution and the church as organism. Chapter six is a theological evaluation that seeks the will of God or His guidance in terms of the problem which the church faces. Chapter six describes the way forward by making recommendations and gives some strategies that can be used to realize the goals of the study and the church. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die denominasionele etos en die administratiewe strukture van die Sewendedag Adventistekerk in Suid-Afrika. Die studie toon aan dat daar ontnugtering en vervreemding by die gewone lede van die kerk ten opsigte van die administratiewe strukture bestaan. Dit gee aandag aan vyf aspekte van administrasie: administratiewe gesag, leierskap, mag, oorgang en organisatoriese strukture. Die doelstellings van die studie is veelvoudig. Dit poog om die Konferensies en die Unie-administrasies sensitief te maak van die strydpunte wat hulle verwyder van die gewone mense in die kerk. Dit stel voor dat die huidige uitdagings opgelos kan word deur middel van 'n bree konsultatiewe proses. Verder maak die studie aanbevelings oor hoe wyer verteenwoordiging in administratiewe strukture bereik kan word. Die studie wil die SDA-kerk administrasie van hulp wees om 'n gesonde balans te handhaaf tussen die kerk as organisasie en die kerk as organisme. Die studie is verkennend en hermeneuties van aard. Dit wou vasstel wat die mening van die werkers (predikante) en kerkrade is oor die administratiewe strukture en leierskap in die kerk. Ten einde dit vas te stel is 'n omvattende empiriese ondersoek gedoen deur gestruktureerde onderhoude met kerkrade oor die hele land te voer en deur vraelyste aan 'n verteenwoordigende steekproef predikante te stuur. Die navorsing het gebruik gemaak van 'n prakties-teologiese metodologie. Die metodologie is 'n hermeneuties sensitiewe en korrelatiewe dialoog wat verskillende teologiese parameters in dialoog met die realiteite van die bedieningspraktyk en wereld bring. Hoofstuk een is inleidend en gee 'n oorsig oor die navorsingsontwerp. Hoofstukke twee en drie is histories. Dit behandel die huidige realiteit en die identiteit van die kerk deur gebruik te maak van literere bronne. Hoofstuk vyf handel oor die empiriese ondersoek en gee 'n beskrywing van die menings van predikante en kerkrade oor die vyf aspekte van die administrasie van die kerk wat ondersoek is. Hoofstukke vier en ses handel oar die teoreties-teologiese aspekte van die studie. Vier bespreek die spanning wat altyd bestaan tussen die kerk as organisasie en die kerk as organisme. Ses is 'n teologiese evaluering wat soek na die wil of leiding van God in terme van die probleem waarmee die kerk worstel. Die laaste hoofstuk maak voorstelle oor die pad vorentoe en stel strategiee voor wat gebruik kan word om doelstellings te bereik.

Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Interculturation theology as a way of communication in religious cultural arenas is the most recent and remarkable methodology that can be used to open space for mutual witness and dialogue with regard to ideas about and the praxes of ancestral rituals between South Korean and South African Christians. The purpose of this research is to overcome some dichotomised problems that are inherent in exclusive, inclusive, and religious pluralistic approaches in dialogue with other religious cultures. In this regard, we examined some problems of the colonial way of mission and the functional translation of the exclusivistic approach and noted that the inclusive approach also has its weakness, in that it weakens the historicity of the subject. We attempted to show that theocentric and religious pluralistic approaches do not solve the problem of mutual identity simply by searching for commonalities between religious traditions. Our rationale is that although these approaches have their weak points, we should not overlook their benefits. Therefore, in appraising these approaches, attention is drawn to how these benefits may be used to complement one another. Consequently, we proposed a meaningcentred and praxis-centred communication methodology using a holistic approach. To appropriate a meaning-centred and praxis-centred methodology of communication, we began by adopting the theological principle of perichoresis, which is the inner relationship among the Persons of the Divine Trinity. Perichoresis is the foundation of missio Dei, which is God’s initiative love to the world in praxis. Through incarnational self-giving, missio Dei is revealed in the world. Secondly, we re-interpreted perichoresis as an intercultural term and ideology, based on its components, mutual indwelling, mutual space, and mutual identity. The intercultural meaning of mutual indwelling is continual mutual penetrating, while cultural meaning of mutual space is interpreted as the others, that is, from the viewpoint of emptying themselves in mutual communication instead of that of dominion and replacement. Further, we re-interpreted mutual identity through the ‘praxis of with’. Based on this cultural reinterpretation of perichoresis, we established a praxis-centred and meaning-centred model of interculturation theology. More importantly, the perichoretic model of interculturation enabled us to construct a theological and cultural identity of Christianity in encountering with others, which is the ‘praxis of with’. In particular, the study attempted to apply intercultural communication method to the encounter between Xhosa churches and Korean missionaries in Khayelitsha in terms of ancestor related matters. Through this intercultural and comparative evaluation of shifting identities, we suggested how Korean missionary and Xhosa churches could mutually construct theological cultural identities. For this purpose, we first carried out a literature study of Korean and South African indigenous theologies concerning ancestor worship.1 Subsequently, we conducted an empirical survey in Khayelitsha to determine the missiological views of Korean missionaries in the light of their traditional religious background and Korean theologians’ indigenised interpretations of ancestral matters. We also considered the theological positions of some Western missionaries in Khayelitsha on the same issue. Finally, we investigated the identities of Xhosa churches in Khayelitsha on literature and empirical levels and how intercultural theology can be reconstructed to evaluate the missiological identities of Korean missionaries and Xhosa churches in terms of ancestor worship. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Interkulturasie teologie as 'n kommunikasiewyse in godsdienstige kultuurgebiede is die mees onlangse en merkwaardigste metodologie wat aangewend kan word om ruimte te skep vir wedersydse getuienis en dialoog rakende idees aangaande en die praktyke voorouerlike rituele onder Suid-Koreaanse en Suid-Afrikaanse Christene. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om sekere gedigotomiseerde probleme te oorkom wat inherent is in eksklusiewe, inklusiewe en religieus pluralistiese benaderings wat in dialoog is met ander religieuse kulture. In hierdie verband het ons ondersoek ingestel na sekere probleme van die koloniale wyse van sendingwerk en die funksionele oorskakeling van die eksklusivistiese benadering en gemerk dat die inklusiewe benadering ook sy swakheid het deurdat dit die historisiteit van die onderwerp verswak. Ons het gepoog om aan te dui dat teosentriese en religieus pluralistiese benaderings nie die probleem van onderlinge identiteit oplos nie deur eenvoudig te soek na gemeenskaplikhede tussen religieuse tradisies. Ons rasionaal is dat alhoewel hierdie benaderings hul swakpunte het, behoort ons nie verby hul voordele te kyk nie. By die inskatting van hierdie benaderings word die aandag dus gevestig op hoe hierdie voordele gebruik kan word om die ander aan te vul. Gevolglik het ons 'n betekenisgesentreerde en praktykgerigte kommunikasiemetodologie voorgestel wat 'n holistiese benadering aanwend. Om 'n betekenisgesentreerde en praktykgerigte kommunikasiemetodogie aan te wend, het ons begin deur die teologiese beginsel van perichoresis te aanvaar, wat die innerlike verhouding tussen die lede van die heilige drie eenheid is. Perichoresis is die fondament van missio Dei, wat die inisiatief verteenwoordig wat God se liefde vir die wêreld in die praktyk is. By wyse van inkarnasionele gee-van-die-self, word missio Dei aan die wêreld openbaar. Tweedens het ons perichoresis herinterpreteer as 'n interkulturele term en ideologie wat op sy samestellende elemente gebaseer is, naamlik 'n gemeenskaplike woning, gemeenskaplike ruimte en gemeenskaplike identiteit. Die interkulturele betekenis van 'n gemeenskaplike woning is voortdurende gemeenskaplike deurdringing, terwyl die kulturele betekenis van gemeenskaplike ruimte geïnterpreteer word as die andere, met ander woorde vanuit die oogpunt van die lediging van hulself in gemeenskaplike kommunikasie, eerder as oorheersing en verplasing. Ons het verder gemeenskaplike identiteit herinterpreteer by wyse van die 'praktyk waarmee'. Gebaseer op hierdie kulturele herinterpretasie van perichoresis, het ons 'n praktykgerigte en betekenisgesentreerde model van interkulturele teologie daargestel. Belangriker nog het die perichoretiese model van interkulturasie ons in staat gestel om 'n teologiese en kulturele identiteit van die Christendom op te stel temidde van 'n ontmoeting met andere, wat die 'praktyk waarmee' verteenwoordig. In die besonder het die studie gepoog om die interkulturele kommunikasiemetode toe te pas op die ontmoeting tussen Xhosa-kerke en Koreaanse sendelinge in Khayelitsha in terme van voorouerverwante sake. Deur hierdie interkuturele en vergelykende evaluering van verskuiwende identiteite, het ons voorgestel hoe Koreaanse sendelinge en Xhosa-kerke wedersyds teologiese kulturele identiteite kan daarstel. Vir hierdie doel het ons aanvanklik 'n literatuurstudie onderneem van Koreaanse en Suid- Afrikaanse inheemse teologieë aangaande die aanbidding van voorouers. Daarna het ons 'n empiriese opname in Khayelitsha onderneem om die missiologiese sienings van Koreaanse sendelinge vas te stel in die lig van hul tradisionele godsdienstige agtergrond en die Koreaanse teoloë se verinheemste interpretasie van voorouerlike sake. Ons het ook aandag geskenk aan die teologiese posisies van sommige Westerse sendelinge in Khayelitsha oor dieselfde aangeleentheid. Laastens het ons die identiteite nagevors van die Xhosa-kerke in Khayelitsha op literêre en empiriese vlakke en hoe interkulturele teologie gerekonstrueer kan word om die missiologiese identiteite van Koreaanse sendelinge en Xhosa-kerke te evalueer ingevolge die aanbidding van voorouers.

Thesis (DTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))-- University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research starts with a descriptive study of the traditional missionary model used by the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) in South Africa in planting what is now known as the Reformed Church in Zimbabwe (RCZ). The purpose of this descriptive part is to understand why certain mistakes are constantly repeated in cross-cultural outreach work and to prevent it from happening again. The RCZ is challenged to develop intercultural missionary theory and practice. The outreach towards the Tonga communities living in the Binga district in Zimbabwe.s North-Western province is used as an extended case study in developing a new missional framework for the RCZ. The research question is thus: How is the RCZ appropriately, meaningfully and relevantly to express the missional praxis of God within the context of the Tonga people? The research argues that meaningful missional reflection has to start with knowing and understanding the Tonga people. The RCZ would then not fall in the same trap of the European missionaries who had an ethnocentric superiority attitude. This calls for a paradigm shift in the RCZ.s thinking and doing mission. The RCZ needs to participate in the Mission of God with love and humility. The research argues that there is a need for the RCZ to revisit and carry out a critical analysis concerning her thinking and strategies of mission today. The RCZ is to develop a relevant framework that will allow the Tonga people to be conscious instruments of their own transformation in their own socio-cultural context. The goal of the study is to have a shift in the RCZ towards a missiological approach that is appropriate, meaningful and relevant in order to facilitate the transformation of the community she serves and ministers to. This framework for doing Christian mission should be Biblical, communal and contextual in the RCZ and at the same time encourage reflective involvement of the faith community in the missio Dei. The research proposes an intercultural mission as appropriate in our context, not a cross-cultural one. The research concludes that the DRC.s traditional mission model profoundly influenced the identity and present mission practice of the RCZ. A better understanding of the identity of both the DRC and the RCZ will enlighten the members of the RCZ to accept the missio Dei as their vocation and challenge. Now and in future, it will help the RCZ members who are participating in intercultural mission to make more informed plans and decisions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing begin met beskrywende studie van die tradisionele sendingmodel wat deur die Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK) gebruik is in die totstandkoming van wat nou bekend is as die Reformed Church in Zimbabwe (RCZ). Die doel van die beskrywende deel is om te verstaan hoekom bepaalde foute gemaak is in die kruis-kulturele uitreike van die verlede en om nie daardie foute te bly herhaal nie. Die RCZ moet interkulturele missionale teorie en praktyk leer ontwikkel. Die uitreik na die Tonga gemeenskap in die Binga distrik in Zimbabwe se Noord-Westelike provinsie word gebruik as uitgebreide gevallestudie in die ontwikkeling van nuwe missionale benadering vir die RCZ. Die navorsingsvraag is: Hoe moet die RCZ, binne die konteks van die Tonga volk, die missio Dei toepaslik, betekenisvol en relevant uitdruk? Die navorsing aanvaar dat as die RCZ gepaste en betekenisvolle sending-benadering wil ontwikkel, hulle die Tonga volk moet ken en verstaan. Die RCZ moet nie die foute van die Europese sendelinge met hul etnosentriese meerderwaardige houding herhaal nie. Dit benodig paradigmaskuif in die RCZ se denke en sendingwerk want hulle was op pad om dieselfde foute te maak. Die RCZ moet met liefde en nederigheid deelneem aan die missio Dei. Haar optrede moet nie meerderwaardigheid teenoor die Tonga mense weerspieel nie. Die navorsing stel dus voor dat die RCZ se herbesin en kritiese analise doen van haar huidige denke en strategiee. Die RCZ moet relevante raamwerk ontwikkel wat die Tonga volk sal toelaat om bewustelike instrumente van hul eie transformasie in hul eie sosio-kulturele konteks te wees. Die doel van hierdie studie is skuif in die RCZ na missionale benadering wat gepas, betekenisvol en relevant is ten einde die transformasie van die gemeenskap wat gedien en bedien word, te vergemaklik. Hierdie studie is poging om 'n raamwerk te ontwikkel vir die doen van sendingwerk wat Bybels, gemeenskaplik en kontekstueel binne die RCZ is en wat denkende betrokkenheid van die geloofsgemeenskap in die missio Dei sal aanmoedig. 'n Interkulturele benadering tot sending is in die konteks gepas, en nie 'n kruis-kulturele sending benadering soos voorheen deur die NGK gevolg nie. Die navorsing konkludeer dat die NGK se tradisionele sendingmodel die RCZ se identiteit en benadering tot sendingwerk integraal beinvloed het. Daarom is die geskiedenis van die RCZ en die werk en invloed van die NGK op die RCZ eers ontleed. Die navorser wil die RCZ oortuig om haar eie identiteit missionaal te herontdek om sodoende in haar uitreik na ander kulture interkultureel te kan werk. In die proses wil die RCZ nie proseliete van die Tonga mense maak nie maar hulle bemagtig om self in die lig van die evangelie hulle kultuur te transformeer.

Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: All children should be regarded and treated with dignity. Children’s rights have been established in the international community as well as in South African society to address any violations of children’s rights and any detrimental influence this can have on them. The responsibility of ensuring that the rights of children are implemented, respected and protected in civil society lies primarily with the national government. Nevertheless, the struggle to realise children’s rights extends across all sectors and levels of society. As part of the theological task of developing a publicly orientated ministry that will address the social circumstances of children in South Africa in a just way, this study took as its point of departure the contribution that Practical Theology can make towards a systematic and critical interpretation of the cause of children and their welfare and rights. At the time that the study was launched there was limited comprehensive analysis of the subject of children in Practical Theology that devoted attention to a theological response to the promotion of children’s welfare and rights in South African society. Two lacunae in the theorising on children were identified in South African academic studies in Practical Theology: (i) a lack of focus on children and their rights, and (ii) a general absence of strategic perspectives on how the theological community can deal with the contextual realities of children in South African society. The primary aim of this study was to develop a theoretical framework in terms of which the contribution of Practical Theology could be conceptualised as a discourse and practice that could promote the cause of children and their welfare and rights. David Tracy’s three publics of theological involvement (the academy, the church and civil society) and Richard Osmer’s conceptualisation of the four modes of practical theological interpretation (empiricaldescriptive, interpretive, normative and pragmatic) were harnessed in an interdisciplinary way to develop a deeper understanding of the welfare of children and the importance of a practical theological approach to advancement of children’s welfare and rights. On the basis of Tracy’s and Osmer’s conceptual frameworks, a number of conditions were identified to promote the cause of children, child welfare and children’s rights in the discipline of Practical Theology in Schools of Theology and Religion. These conditions include a third public mode of practical theological interpretation being adopted, a culture of adultism being confronted and transformed, and children’s acts of faith becoming an integral part of the field of Practical Theology. On the basis of an empirical investigation among registered members of the Society for Practical Theology in South Africa, the study comes to the conclusion that the academic field of Practical Theology, in its interaction with communities and civil society, can make a unique contribution to the advancement of children’s rights. The fundamental contribution of the academic field of Practical Theology to the advancement of children’s rights in South Africa recide in focussing on the inclusion of the cause of children in theological interpretation; by implication this will entail actively countering the exclusion of children in theological discourse and praxis in the field of Practical Theology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle kinders verdien om ooreenkomstig hul menswaardigheid beskou en hanteer te word. Kinderregte is deur die internasionale sowel as die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap as respons daargestel om sake wat kinders se menswaardigheid aantas en hulle nadelig beïnvloed teen te werk. Die verantwoordelikheid om seker te maak dat die regte van kinders in die burgerlike samelewing gerespekteer, beskerm en verwesenlik word, lê primêr by die nasionale regering. Nietemin strek die stryd om kinderregte te laat realiseer oor alle sektore en vlakke van die samelewing heen. As deel van die teologiese taak om ’n publiek georiënteerde bediening te ontwikkel wat reg sal laat geskied aan die sosiale omstandighede van kinders in Suid-Afrika, het hierdie studie die bydrae wat Praktiese Teologie tot ’n sistematiese en kritiese interpretasie van die saak van kinders en hul welsyn en regte kan maak as vertrekpunt geneem. Met die aanvang van die studie het beperkte omvattende akademiese analise oor die onderwerp van kinders in Praktiese Teologie en Teologie as sodanig bestaan waarin aandag gegee is aan ’n teologiese respons op die bevordering van kinders se welsyn en hul regte in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing. Twee gapings in die teoretisering oor kinders in die Suid- Afrikaanse akademie van Praktiese Teologie is geïdentifiseer: (i) ’n gebrek aan fokus op kinders en hul regte en (ii) grootlikse afwesigheid van strategiese perspektiewe oor hoe die teologiese gemeenskap die kontekstuele realiteite van kinders in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing kan hanteer. Die doel van hierdie studie was primêr om ’n teoretiese raamwerk te ontwikkel in terme waarvan die bydrae van Praktiese Teologie tot ’n diskoers en praktyk wat vir kinders en hul welsyn en regte bevorderlik is, gekonseptualiseer kon word. David Tracy se drie publieke van teologiese betrokkenheid (akademie, kerk en burgerlike samelewing) asook Richard Osmer se konseptualisering van die vier take waarvolgens prakties-teologiese interpretasie kan geskied (empiries-beskrywend, interpreterend, normatief en pragmaties) is ingespan om op ’n interdissiplinêre wyse verdiepte begrip vir die welsyn van kinders en die belang van ’n prakties-teologiese bydrae tot die promovering van kinders se welsyn en regte te ontwikkel. Daar is aan die hand van die konseptuele raamwerke van Tracy en Osmer bepaalde voorwaardes geïdentifiseer waaronder die saak van kinders, kinderwelsyn en kinderregte in die beoefening van Praktiese Teologie aan Skole van Teologie en Godsdiens bevorder kan word. Hierdie voorwaardes sluit in dat ’n derde publiek-modus van prakties-teologiese interpretasie aangeneem word, ’n kultuur van adultism gekonfronteer en getransformeer word en kinders se geloofshandelinge geïntegreerd deel van die studieveld van Praktiese Teologie uitmaak. Op grond van ’n empiriese ondersoek onder geregistreerde lede van die Werkgemeenskap vir Praktiese Teologie in Suid-Afrika het die studie tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die akademie van Praktiese Teologie in interaksie met gemeentes en die burgerlike samelewing ’n unieke bydrae tot die bevordering van kinderregte kan lewer. Die akademie van Praktiese Teologie se fundamentele bydrae tot die promovering van kinderregte in Suid-Afrika bestaan daarin om te fokus op die insluiting van die saak van kinders in teologiese interpretasie; by implikasie sal dit behels dat Praktiese Teologie kinders se uitsluiting in teologiese diskoers en praxis aktief teëwerk.

Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2004 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this study is on the unique and unparalleled features that the Korean Presbyterian Church (KPC) representing the broad Korean Church has displayed during last 120 years' mission history: a strong revivalism in the formative phase; a remarkable Church growth in the growing phase; a rapid moral secularisation in the declining phase. Specifically this study aims to account for the problematic phenomenon manifested during last three decades and further to suggest a substantial alternative for the . problem at this stage. To achieve this aim, this study employed a practical hermeneutical methodology and was approached in terms of ecclesial spirituality. Chapter II, paying special attention to the marginality of the Korean nation destined to be a victim of world powers in modem history, provides a short history of the KPC from a marginal perspective to discern the particular geopolitical, socio-politicoeconomic, and cultural situations that presumed to have had a crucial impact on shaping the spirituality of the KPc. Chapter III proposes, as a base theory, a definition towards the phenomenon of ecclesial spirituality: EccLesial spirituality is eccLesial apprehension and response to the meaning and power of God ~ presence and redemptive activity in the powerdominated world. According to the proposed definition ecclesial spirituality takes shape through the hermeneutical process of the faith community in the dynamic interplay between divine, human and contextual powers operating in socio-historical situations. Chapter IV analyses and explains, on the basis of the proposed definition, what and how contextual realities historically operated in shaping the spirituality of the KPC and further evaluates the features of the KPC's spirituality manifested in each historical phase. The result shows that the marginal situation of the nation operates as a crucial factor in the formation of the KPC's spirituality in each particular socio-historical context in either a positive or negative way. Chapter V, as the normative and strategic phase of our research methodology, concludes by examining the theological identity of the Church in relation with the power-dominated world and by investigating the hermeneutical locus of ecclesial praxis, whereby marginality is suggested as the praxial hermeneutical locus of authentic ecclesial identity and spirituality in the world. And further, identifying the Church as a marginal community in the world, this study finally proposes a spirituality of marginality as an incomplete suggestion of the direction towards which the spirituality of the KPC should steer. This study contributes towards the development of an ecclesial hermeneutic for the benefit of ecclesial transformation in the world. Specifically, its contribution is to realise the distinctive identity and position of the KPC as ecclesia crucis in the contemporary situation. It can also motivate the significance of studies in ecclesial spirituality, not only for the KPC, but also for both Western churches and the South African white Church in their identity crisis in the contemporary dominant culture and drastically changed socio-political context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing fokus op die unieke karaktertrekke van die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse Kerke (genoem die KPC) soos gemanifesteer gedurende die afgelope 120 jaar: 'n sterk aksent op herlewing in die vormingsfase; daama 'n merkwaardige kerkgroei fase en uiteindelik 'n snelle sekularisasie fase in die laaste fase. Dit vertoon ooreenkoms met ander Koreaanse kerke in die tydperk. Die studie pro beer om laasgenoemde problematiese fenomeen van die laaste drie dekades teologies te verantwoord en 'n altematiewe optrede met betrekking daartoe te suggereer. Die studie gebruik 'n prakties-hermeneutiese metodiek om die ekklesiale spiritualiteit te verken. Hoofstuk II gee in besonder aandag aan die marginaliteit van die Koreaanse nasie insoverre dit 'n slagoffer geword het van modeme wereldmagte. Dit word gedoen aan die hand van 'n kort geskiedbeskrywing van die KPC, gesien vanuit 'n marginale perspektief waarin spesifieke geopolitieke, sosio-ekonomiese en kulturele aspekte onderskei word 0 wat almal 'n kritieke impak gehad het in die vormgewing van die spiritualiteit van die KPc. Hoofstuk III pro beer om 'n basisteorie te ontwikkel aan die hand van 'n definisie van ekklesiale spiritualiteit, nl. Ekklesiale spiritualiteit is die ekklesiale aanvoeling van en respons op die betekenis van God se dinamiese presensie en verlossende handelinge in 'n wereld gedomineer deur magte. Hiervolgens word 'n ekklesiale spiritualiteit gevorm deur hermeneutiese prosesse binne die geloofsgemeenskap in die dinamiese wissel werking tussen die goddelike, menslike en kontekstuele magte wat in sosio-historiese situasies hulle laat geld. Op die basis van hierdie definisie word in hoofstuk IV 'n analise en verduideliking gegee van hoe hierdie kontekstuele realiteite die spiritualiteit binne die KPC gevorm het. Verder word die spesifieke aard van die spiritualiteit in elke historiese fase ontleed en geevalueer, Dit toon dan duidelik aan hoe die marginale omstandighede telkens 'n kritieke faktor was in die vorming van die bepaalde spiritualiteit in elke spesifieke sosio-historiese konteks, hetsy positief of negatief. Hoofstuk V verteenwoordig die normatiewe en strategiese fase van die gevolgde navorsingsmetodiek. Daarin word die teologiese identiteit van die kerk met betrekking tot 'n mag-gedomineerde wereld beskrywe aan die hand van 'n ondersoek na die hermeneutiese locus van die ekklesiale praxis. Hierin word gesuggereer dat marginaliteit hierdie praksiaalhermeneutiese locus is van 'n outentieke ekklesiale identiteit en spiritualiteit. Verder, insoverre die kerke wesenlik 'n marginale gemeenskap vir die wereld is, het die studie 'n spiritualiteit van marginaliteit aangedui as die nirnrnereindigende doelwit waarop die spiritualiteit van die KPC telkens weer gerig moet wees 0 'n soort eskatologiese spiritualiteit in hierdie wereld. Die navorsing wil 'n bydrae lewer in die ontwikkeling van 'n ekklesiale hermeneutiek wat die ekklesiale transformasieproses wil dien. Meer spesifiek wil dit die onderskeidende identiteit van die KPC sien as 'n ecclesia crucis in die eietydse situasie. Dit wil verder die diskussie oor ekklesiale spiritualiteit binne die KPC bevorder, maar ook in Westerse kerke en spesifiek in die kerke van Suid-Afrika op soek na 'n ekklesiale identiteit binne die eietydse dominante kultuur en 'n diepgaande, veranderde sosio-politieke konteks.

Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch Univesity, 2004 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The hermeneutical nexus and an undenominational Bible School. This dissertation arose out of reflections on the Carroll Handbook Jor Congregational Studies and inter alia seeks to give a philosophical base to that work. Noting the frequent references to hermeneutical principles, the researcher found that one of them were dealt with adequately in considering congregations as carriers of faith. There being no difference in principle between a congregation and a Bible School, the dissertation deals with both. It was apparent that there is a nexus (a binding together) of hermeneutical principles and processes in such an institution that forms the thick discourse in these carriers of faith. Having been associated with a Bible School for a quarter of a century, the researcher was aware that such institutions, like congregations were badly in need of a metacritical approach in order to meet changing conditions and new challenges. This dissertation attempts as a starting point to have a better understanding of the identity of the institution. The Bible School, as an historical reality, has had and still has a vast influence particularly in the Third World. This was exemplified by the growth and flowering of so-called Bible School Movement which is described and which revealed hermeneutical principles and processes which were essentially describing its identity in broad terms. Some of these processes are critiqued. In an attempt to find a central focus for a Bible School, the researcher found that subject to the main purpose of the church (the increase among men of the love of god and one's neighbour according to H Richard Niebuhr) there are in fact so many foci among Bible Schools that he could only conclude that God uses the gifts He gives to His Church in different ways and different circumstances as He wills. It was then found necessary to examine the application of hermeneutics to an institution seeing that metacriticism is a hermeneutical exercise and Carroll used many terms implying hermeneutics. For this purpose foundations were sought in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Gadamer and especially Paul Ricoeur. Hermeneutics changed fundamentally over the period covered by these scholars, from a psychological to a literary base. The researcher found it necessary to draw from both the psychological and the literary approaches. He seeks to make a synthesis between Carroll (and Hopewell who initiated Carroll's work) and Ricoeur because the most fundamental methodology of both require a narrative form, a text. Regrettably Carroll was unable to give any philosophical base to his main point of "sum it up in story' which meant that the life of the congregation over a selected period of time was to be reduced to a narrative. This has been called the thick discourse of the congregation. The philosophical hermeneutics of Ricoeur, however, gives an advanced literary analysis and the researcher extrapolates and applies this to institutions to make a synthesis with Carroll's institutional insights. A key element in Ricoeur's hermeneutics is that discourse is the event of language and is understood as meaning. In the synthesis attempted this thick discourse of the institution is expounded as a kind of locutionary act, i.e. a speech act. The thick discourse of the institution is multi-faceted covering language, culture, time, space and matter, which are the events of discourse understood as meaning. The Carroll model requires that the congregational story be reduced to narrative form, i.e. a text. It follows that the Ricoeurean concepts of distanciation and appropriation as applied to institutions take effect and these ultimately involves the congregation in an enlarged selfunderstanding. In the appropriation of the text to which the congregational discourse is reduced, a new world-view emerges, a different self-identity is discovered. This, the -- researcher suggests, requires a postlocutionary act so that from being-in-the-world the institution becomes something new. Becoming (one of Carroll's main concepts) requires reimaging and re-imaging requires metacriticism. For this focus and boundaries are required as an institution is an open system. In the end a complementary relationship between Carroll and Ricoeur is advocated as part of a thick discourse in this preliminary study of institutional hermeneutics. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing het ontstaan uit nadenke oor Carroll se Handbook for Congregational Studies as 'n moontlike prakties-teologiese basis vir 'n ondersoek na die identiteit van instellings soos Bybelskole. In Carroll word herhaaldelik verwys na hermeneutiese faktore soos gemeentes as draers van die geloof. Hierdie dissertasie wil beweer dat daar in beginsel geen verskil is tussen sulke instellings en gemeentes nie: albei is draers van die geloof. Dit was gou duidelik dat daar 'n nexus ('n saamgehegtheid) van hermeneutiese beginsels en prosesse is wat binne so 'n instelling funksioneer as 'n "thick discourse" daarvan. Die navorser was betrokke by 'n Bybelskool vir meer as 'n kwarteeu en het deeglik besef dat sulke instellings, net soos gemeentes, 'n dringende behoefte het aan 'n metakritiese benadering, veral in tye van snelle veranderinge. Hierdie dissertasie wil help om langs hierdie hermeneutiese weg 'n beter be_car-;f' verstaan te kry van die identiteit en prosesse wat instellings het. Bybelskole het gehad, en het nog steeds 'n groot invloed in die geloofswereld, veral in Derde Wereld opset. Die groei en bloei van die Bybelskool Beweging word beskrywe, veral in terme van die hermeneutiese beginsels en prosesse wat die identiteit manifesteer. Sommige van hierdie prosesse word krities beskrywe. Verder probeer die navorsing om 'n sentrale fokus van 'n Bybelskool te vind, maar het bevind dat die doelstellende fokus van 'n kerk, soos deur H Richard Niebuhr uitgebeeld, lei tot 'n uiteenlopende diversiteit van foci. Dus het hy hom berus by sy bevinding dat God gawes aan sy Kerk gee en dit benut soos Hy wil. Die navorsing vra dan hoe hermeneutiese beginsels, veral die van metakritiek, toegepas kan word op die hermeneutiese benadering van Carroll. Hierin moes teruggevra word na die heremeneutiese ontwikkeling vanaf Schleiermacher na Dilthey, Gadamer en veral Ricoeur. In hierdie ontwikkeling verskuif die basis van die hermeneutiek vanaf 'n psigologiese na 'n literere. Die navorsing probeer dan 'n sintese maak tussen Carroll (en sy voorganger Hopewell) en Ricoeur op grond van hulle gemeenskaplike metodologie gebou op 'n narratiewe benadering. Ongelukkig is gevind dat Carroll nie 'n goeie filosofiese basis aan sy kemgedagte gee nie, naamlik om die gemeente "op te som as verhaal" nie. Dit beteken dat die bestaan van 'n gemeente oor 'n bepaalde periode gereduseer word tot die blote verhaal daarvan, of die "thick description" daarvan. Ricoeur help die navorsing om 'n tree verder te gee met sy literere-analise. Dit het die navorser gehelp om dit te ekstrapoleer en so toe te pas dat 'n sintese met Carroll moontlik word. 'n Sleutelbegrip in Ricoeur se hermeneutiek is dat diskoers 'n taalgebeure is wat betekenisdraend is. In genoernde sintese word die "thick discourse" van 'n instelling 'n soort lokusionere handeling (of 'n sogenaamde "speech act"). Hierdie diskoers van 'n instelling het 'n veelheid fasette soos taal, kultuur, tyd, ruimte, ens - wat intrinsiek is aan genoemde gebeure of diskoers wat betekenisdraend is. Deur die gebruik van Ricoeur se konsepte van distansiasie en appropriasie en dan toegepas op instellings word die selfverstaan van 'n instelling verruim. Daardeur word nuwe lewenswerelde en selfverstaan ontdek. Die navorsing beklemtoon dat 'n soort postlokusionere handeling nodig is om tot iets nuut in 'n veranderende wereld te geraak. Dit weer veronderstel 'n soort van her-verbeelding ("reimaging") in 'n metakritiese benadering. Daarin is egter grense nodig waarbinne 'n instelling as 'n nuwe oop sisteem kan funksioneer. Aan die einde word dus 'n komplementere verhouding tussen Carroll en Ricoeur voorgestel as deel van genoemde "thick discourse" as die basis van hierdie voorlopige navorsing oor institutionele hermeneutiek.

Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2000 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many people are taking a keen interest in the growth of the Korean Church, and many research results are appearing. However, when dealing with the growth of Korean churches, account should be taken of the fact that this growth can only be fully understood and explained when studied against the historical background of the church's suffering in Korea. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the effect of the japanese colonial rule in Korea and in particular the impact caused by the introduction of a central element in japanese national religion, namely Shintoism. Resistance to the Shinto shrine ceremonies resulted in the church being persecuted in various ways, and this had an effect on the life as well as the growth of the Presbyterian Church in Korea. Chapter one of this dissertation compnses of the introduction, which deals with the research problem, purpose of the research, hypothesis, delimitations of the research, assumptions, definition of terms and proposed outline of the study. Chapter two provides a historical overview of the context of the Korean Presbyterian Church under japanese colonial rule (1910-1945), so as to gain an understanding of the historical background of the Korean Presbyterian Church. The history of the Korean Presbyterian Church up to 1945 can be divided into four different periods, according to certain significant events as phases in its life: the rise of the Church (1884-1907), the revival of the Church(1907-1912), growing confrontation (1912-1935), and persecution of the Church (1935-1945). These four periods are briefly described and analysed, paying particular attention to the Japanese period. Chapter three presents an analysis of the growth of the Presbyterian Church in Korea under Japanese colonial rule. This is done from a missiological perspective, in terms of the witness and growth of the church. The facts of church growth, the reasons for church growth and problems affecting church growth are discussed. The latter includes the problem of the influence of the traditional Shamanistic faith, the issue of the social involvement of the church and the problem of pro- Japanese attitudes in the church. Chapter four deals with the history and character of Shintoism and the Korean Christians' conflict with it. The first section discusses the types, standardization and liturgical structure of Shrine rites. The second part analyses the resistance of the Korean Presbyterian Church to the imposition of Shintoism which led, on the one hand, to a sharp division within the church, on the other hand, to conflict and subsequent persecution of those who chose to resist Shinto shrine obeisance. Chapter five deals with the witness of faith, on the part of those who resisted the shrine rites. This is done especially by presenting several studies of Korean Christian resistance leaders, and examines their ministry and views in order to determine reasons why they resisted Shintoism. The case studies represent both North and South Korea, as well as Manchuria. In conclusion, chapter SIX exammes the effects of Shinto persecution on the growth of Presbyterian Church in Korea, companng anti-Shinto with the pro-Shinto shrine groups. And the findings reveal that the Shinto shrine issue had certain specific long term effects on the Presbyterian Church in Korea, inter alia, in terms of growth patterns and membership trends. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: DIE IMPAK VAN DIE JAPANNESE KOLONIALE BEWIND OP DIE GETUIENIS EN GROEI VAN DIE KOREAANSE PRESBITERIAANSE KERK Daar heers vandag 'n wye en lewendige belangstelling in die groei van die Koreaanse kerk, met die gevolg dat baie navorsingsresultate nou die lig sien. Maar, wanneer die groei in die Koreaanse Kerke ondersoek word, moet rekening gehou word met die feit dat hierdie groei slegs volledig verstaan en gemterpreteer kan word teen die historiese agtergrond van die kerk se lyding in Korea. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om die effek van die Japannese koloniale bewind in Korea te ondersoek en, in besonder, die impak veroorsaak deur die invoer van 'n sentrale element in die Japannese nasionale geloof, naamlik Sjintoisrne. Die gevolg van verset teen die Sjinto - heiligdom seremonies was vervolging van die kerk op verskeie wyses, en dit het die lewe sowel as die groei van die Presbiteriaanse Kerk in Korea beinvloed. Hoofstuk 1 sluit in die inleiding wat handel oor die navorsingsprobleem, doel van hierdie navorsing, hipotese, afbakening van die navorsing, uitgangspunte, begripsomskrywing en voorgestelde inhoudsuitreensetting. Hoofstuk 2 bied 'n historiese oorsig oor die konteks van die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse Kerk onder Japannese koloniale bewind (1910-1945), om sodoende 'n begrip van die historiese agtergrond van die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse Kerk te bewerkstellig. Die geskiedenis van die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse Kerk tot 1945 kan in vier verskillende periodes verdeel word volgens sekere betekenisvolle gebeure of stadiums in die lewe van die Kerk: die opkoms van die Kerk (1884-1907), die herlewing van die Kerk (1907-1912), groeiende konfrontasie (1912-1935) en vervolging van die Kerk (1935-1945). Hierdie vier peri odes word kortliks beskryf en ontleed, met besondere aandag aan die Japannese periode. Hoofstuk 3 bied 'n analise van die groei van die Presbiteriaanse Kerk in Korea onder Japannese koloniale bewind. Dit geskied vanuit 'n missiologiese perspektief met betrekking tot die getuienis en groei van die Kerk. Besonderhede oor kerkgroei, die redes hiervoor en probleme wat die groei beinvloed, word bespreek. Laasgenoemde sluit in die vraag na die invloed van die tradisionele Sjamanistiese geloof, die sosiale betrokkenheid van die Kerk en die probleem van pro-Japannese standpunte in die Kerk. Hoofstuk 4 handel oor die geskiedenis en karakter van Sjintoisme en die Koreaanse Christene se verset daarteen. Die eerste deel bespreek die tipes, standaardisering en liturgiese struktuur van die heiligdom rites. Die tweede deel ontleed die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse Kerk se verset teen die afdwing van Sjintoisme wat, aan die een kant, lei tot 'n skerp verdeling binne die Kerk, en, aan die ander kant, tot konflik en die daaropvolgende vervolging van die mense wat gekies het om hul te verset teen eerbetoningsrites in Sjinto heiligdomme. Hoofstuk 5 behandel die geloofsgetuienis van die wat hul teen eerbetoningsrites verset het. Dit geskied veral deur verskeie gevallestudies van Koreaanse Christen versetleiers. Die bediening en die sienswyse van hierdie leiers word ondersoek om sodoende die redes vir hul verset teen Sjintoisme vas te stel. Die gevallestudies verteenwoordig sowel Noord- as Suid-Korea, asook Mantjoerye. Ten slotte ondersoek hoofstuk 6 die effek van Sjinto vervolging op die groei van die Presbiteriaanse Kerk in Korea, en vergelyk anti-Sjinto'istiese met die pro-Sjintoistiese groepe. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die Sjinto heiligdom-geskilpunt sekere langtermyn gevolge vir die Presbiteriaanse Kerk in Korea gehad het, onder andere met betrekking tot groeipatrone en lidmaatskapstendense.

Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2000 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research seeks to establish whether the members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in South Africa have a characteristic personality type and temperament that relates to their style of spirituality. Style of spirituality here refers to all spiritual behaviour in a broad sense - how they pray, worship, use the Bible, care about others, relate to social needs, care about the environment, administer and organize their church activities, etc. This study does not deal with what they believe, but rather focuses on how they believe. This research further seeks to establish what impact participant's God-image has upon their level of spiritual maturity, if any at all. To what extent does one's personality and temperament influence spiritual maturity and God-image? What instruments were used? I used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to measure personality and temperament, the Personal Orientation Inventory of Everett Shostrom to measure levels of self-actualization and psychological maturity, the Faith Maturity Scale of Benson, Donahue, and Erickson, to measure faith maturity, and the Christian Preference Profile scale, which I developed to measure preferences of Christian religiosity, which also gave an indication of God-image. How was the study conducted? I visited approximately 22 SDA churches in the Western Cape and distributed the inventories to willing participants myself. I explained the purpose of the research and how to complete the inventories. Participants were requested to complete it at home and return it the next week. I made use of two supervised students who helped to mark the answer sheets and capture the data. What were the findings? The personality type of the SDA laity was more introverted, compared to a similar study indicating that SDA clergy were more extraverted. The most significant finding was that the dominant temperament was sensing/judging (SJ=70%), slightly higher than that for the clergy. The self-actualizing levels were relatively low - the two main measures, time competency and locus of control measured both in the non-actualizing range, as well as three of the ten sub-scales, relating to a rigid implementation of values, a pessimistic view of humanity, and a lack of acceptance of synergy between opposite characteristics. The faith maturity levels were slightly above the average, and were low on three of the eight measures, relating to integration of faith and life, social concerns, and involvement in social and environmental issues. The religious preference scale indicated a dominant relational style, followed by a dependent, personal, evangelical style, and a bureaucratic organizational style of religious preference. Some of the main characteristics of the SDA profile were a resistance to change, preservation of the status quo, stable, able administrators, favour a hierarchical, bureaucratic structure, substance-oriented rather than relationship-oriented, preserving their identity is a high priority, and is evidenced in preserving the purity of their beliefs, affectionately referred to as the "truth." / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing het ten doel om vas te stel of die lidmate van die Sewendedag- Adventistekerk in Suid-Afrika 'n kenmerkende persoonlikheidstipe en temperament het wat ooreenkom met hulle styl van spiritualiteit. Die styl van spiritualiteit verwys hier na aile spirituele gedrag in die bree sin - hoe hulle bid, aanbid, die Bybel gebruik, omgee vir andere, verhouding tot sosiale behoeftes, besorgdheid oor die omgewing, adrninistrasie en organisasie van kerklike aktiwiteite, ens. Hierdie studie het nie te make met wat hulle glo nie, maar eerder met hoe hulle glo. Hierdie navorsing poog verder om vas te stel watter impak deelnemers se Godsbeeld op hulle vlak van geestelike volwassenheid het, indien enige. Tot watter mate beinvloed 'n persoon se persoonlikheid en temperament sy/haar geestelike volwassenheid en Godsbeeld? Watter instrumente is gebruik? Ek het die Myers-Briggs Type Indicator gebruik om persoonlikheid en temperament te meet, die Personal Orientation Inventory van Everett Shostrom, om die vlakke van selfverwesenliking en psigologiese volwassenheid te meet, die Faith Maturity Scale van Benson, Donahue en Erickson, om geloofsvolwassenheid te meet en die Christian Preference Profile scale, wat ek self ontwikkel het om voorkeure van Christelike religieuse gedrag te meet en wat ook 'n aanduiding van Godsbeeld gegee het. Hoe is die studie aangepak? Ek het ongeveer 22 SDA gemeentes in die Weskaap besoek en het die vraelyste self uitgehandig aan gewillige deelnemers. Ek het die doel van die navorsing en hoe om die vraelyste in te vul verduidelik. Deelnemers is versoek om die vraelyste tuis in te vul en die volgende week terug te bring Ek het gebruik gemaak van twee studente wat onder my toesig die vraelyste help merk en die data op rekenaar geplaas het. Wat was die bevindinge? Die persoonlikheidstipe van die SDA leke was meer introverties as 'n vroeer vergelykende studie met SDA predikante wat aangedui het dat hulle meer ekstroverties was. Die beduidendste bevinding was dat die dorninante temperament "sensing/judging" (SJ=70%) was, effens hcer as die van die predikante. Die selfverwesenlikheidsvlakke was relatieflaag - die twee hoofskale, tydvaardigheid en lokus van kontrole, het beide in die nie-selfverwesenlikheidsgebied gemeet, asook drie van die tien subskale, naamlik rigiditeit ten opsigte van die toepassing van waardes, 'n pessimistiese mensesiening en 'n gebrek aan aanvaarding van sinergie tussen teenoorgestelde eienskappe. Die geloofsvolwassenheidsvlakke was effens bo die gemiddelde en was laag op drie van die agt skale, naamlik integrasie van geloof en lewe, sosiale aangeleenthede en betrokkenheid by sosiale en orngewingsake. Die godsdienstige voorkeurskaal het 'n dominante verhoudingstyl aangedui, gevolg deur 'n afhanklike, persoonlike, evangeliese styl en daarna 'n burokratiese organisasiestyl van religieuse voorkeur. Sommige van die hoofkenmerke van die SDA profiel was 'n weerstand tot verandering, behoud van die status quo, stabiele en vaardige adrninistrateurs, voorkeur vir 'n hierargiese, burokratiese struktuur, substansgeorienteerd eerder as verhoudingsgeorienteerd, behoud van eie identiteit as hoe prioriteit wat veral sigbaar is in die bewaring van die suiwerheid van hulle geloofsleer, alombekend as die "waarheid" binne Adventistekringe.