Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tufy Kabbas Junior.pdf: 2988725 bytes, checksum: bd676d57a21df0604e836ad177676653 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / Due to the need for clean energy, an alternative that has gained worldwide prominence are like fuel cells. As proton conductive ceramics have an operating temperature in the range of 600 to 800 ° C, making them especially interesting for a fuel cell manufacturing. In this way, the objective of this work was to study a peroxide production with mixed proton-electronic conductivity to update as cell cathodes a solid oxide fuel with proton conductivity. These composites are produced using the mechanical mixture from a quality database, which has electronic conductivity in the proportions 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25, sintered at 1400 ° C. The composite 25 / 75 and 75/25 showed to be only of an electronic and ionic conductor (oxygen ions), respectively, showing no mixed-protonic conductivity. The 50/50 composite, through the obtained results, leads to believe that the mixed proton-electronic conductivity occurred. / Devido à necessidade de se produzir energia limpa, uma alternativa que tem ganho destaque mundial são as células a combustível. As cerâmicas condutoras protônicas possuem uma temperatura de operação na faixa de 600 a 800ºC, tornando-as especialmente interessantes para a fabricação de células a combustível. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a obtenção de perovisquitas com condutividade mista protônica-eletrônica para atuar como cátodos de células a combustível de óxido sólido com condutividade protônica. Estes compósitos foram produzidos utilizando-se mistura mecânica, da perovisquita BaCe0,2Zr0,7Y0,1O3-d (BCZY), a qual possui condutividade protônica, com a perovisquita LaNi0,5Cr0,5O3 (LNC), que possui condutividade eletrônica, nas proporções 25/75, 50/50 e 75/25, sinterizadas à 1400°C. Os compósitos 25/75 e 75/25 demonstraram ser apenas de um condutor eletrônico e iônico (íons oxigênio) respectivamente, não mostrando condutividade mista eletrônica-protônica. Já o compósito 50/50, através dos resultados obtidos através de mapeamento químico e espectroscopia de impedância, demonstram um provável aparecimento de condutividade mista protônica-eletrônica.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-11-14T19:34:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ana Karolina Mayer de Lima.pdf: 3651959 bytes, checksum: 642453204c39c25879c10a21be81d7a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T19:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ana Karolina Mayer de Lima.pdf: 3651959 bytes, checksum: 642453204c39c25879c10a21be81d7a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As células a combustível de óxido de sólido (CaCOS) são consideradas promissoras fonte de energia limpa. São dispositivos capazes de converter a energia química em energia elétrica alcançando eficiência em torno de 70%, por isso o imenso interesse de pesquisas direcionadas a este tipo de célula a combustível. O presente trabalho buscou sintetizar e caracterizar materiais com condutividade mista protônica e iônica para uma possível utilização como eletrólito para CaCOS. A estratégia foi obter um material compósito formado por uma fase condutora protônica de BaCe0,2Zr0,7Y0,1O3δ (BCZY) e uma fase condutora iônica de Sm0,2Ce0,8O1,9 (SCO). O BCZY foi sintetizado pelo método Pechini modificado e calcinado a 900ºC por 4 horas. O SCO foi utilizado pó comercial. Foram estudadas 3 composições (em % em peso): 30% de BCZY e 70% de SCO (B3S7), 50% de BCZY e 50% de SCO (B5S5) e 70% de BCZY e 30% de SCO (B7S3). Os compósitos foram sinterizados em temperaturas de 1400ºC e 1500ºC por 4h e caracterizados por medidas de densidade aparente, porosidade aparente, difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com espectroscopia por energia dispersiva e espectroscopia de impedância. As medidas elétricas associadas aos resultados das difrações de raios X, mostram que foi possível formar os compósitos com duas fases, uma condutora protônica e outra condutora iônica, usando as fases BCZY e SCO, e que os compósitos apresentaram condutividade mista protônica/iônica. Os resultados das medidas elétricas corrigindo o efeito da porosidade pela equação de Archie mostram que o compósito B3S7 foi o que apresentou os mais altos valores de condutividade dentre os 3 compósitos estudados. / Solid oxide fuel cells (CaCOS) are considered to be promising sources of clean energy. They are devices capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy, reaching efficiency of around 70%, which is why the interest of research aimed at this type of fuel cell. The present work sought to synthesize and characterize materials with mixed proton and ionic conductivity for a possible use as electrolyte for CaCOS. The strategy was to obtain a composite material formed by a proton conductive phase BaCe0,2Zr0,7Y0,1O3-δ (BCZY) and an ionic conductive phase of Sm0,2Ce0,8O1,9 (SCO). The BCZY was synthesized by the modified Pechini method and calcined at 900ºC for 4 hours. The SCO was used commercial powder. We studied 3 compositions (in % by weight) were studied: 30% BCZY and 70% SCO (B3S7), 50% BCZY and 50% SCO (B5S5) and 70% BCZY and 30% SCO (B7S3). The composites were sintered at temperatures of 1400ºC and 1500ºC for 4h and characterized by measurements of apparent density, apparent porosity, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with dispersive energy spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The electrical measurements associated to the X-ray diffraction results show that it was possible to form the composites with two phases, one proton conductive and one ionic conductive, using the BCZY and SCO phases, and that the composites presented mixed proton/ionic conductivity. The results of the electrical measurements correcting the effect of porosity by the Archie equation show that the B3S7 composite presented the highest conductivity values among the 3 composites studied.

Synthesis and bulk analysis of composite ceramic oxide materials and materials with perovskite-defect structure is presented within this work. Syntheses of these advanced ceramics materials were carroed out by using of nonconventional techniques (microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and polycondensation techniques) and by conventional mechanochemical activation followed by high temperature solid state reaction. X-Ray difraction (XRD), Rietveld analysis, scaning microscopy (SEM), microalysis EDS-SEM, thermal analysis (TG), infrared spectroscopy (IR), determination of particles size and specific surface area were used for description of synthesized products. In case of perovskite system based on La-Sr-Fe-Ti-O electrochemical properties were studied. Part of work was focused on chemical analysis of synthesized composite oxide materials and decomposition hard structured products by using of nonconventional fields.

Submitted by João Munhoz (jfvlm@ufscar.br) on 2018-05-17T19:03:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese V.6 (Final) - João Fernando.pdf: 9335731 bytes, checksum: d43ee1c77922e89387dfea2707ce3abd (MD5) / Rejected by Ronildo Prado (ri.bco@ufscar.br), reason: Oi João, Faltou enviar a Carta comprovante assinada pelo orientador. Solicite o modelo em sua Secretaria de Pós-graduação, preencha e colete a assinatura com o orientador e acesse novamente o sistema para fazer o Upload. Fico no aguardo para finalizarmos o processo. Abraços Ronildo on 2018-05-17T20:22:51Z (GMT) / Submitted by João Munhoz (jfvlm@ufscar.br) on 2018-05-18T11:21:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese V.6 (Final) - João Fernando.pdf: 9335731 bytes, checksum: d43ee1c77922e89387dfea2707ce3abd (MD5) Carta Comprovante da versão final da tese.jpg: 41274 bytes, checksum: 68e6feb4fa1360327b440f2f90621de9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eunice Nunes (eunicenunes6@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T00:17:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese V.6 (Final) - João Fernando.pdf: 9335731 bytes, checksum: d43ee1c77922e89387dfea2707ce3abd (MD5) Carta Comprovante da versão final da tese.jpg: 41274 bytes, checksum: 68e6feb4fa1360327b440f2f90621de9 (MD5) / Rejected by Eunice Nunes (eunicenunes6@gmail.com), reason: Bom dia João Fernando, Verificamos que você solicitou que sua tese seja disponibilizada daqui há 6 meses no repositório mas não enviou a versão parcial somente o texto integral Por favor envie outro arquivo com a versão parcial e a versão final Você não precisa fazer todo o processo desde o início, para isso clique em editar e inclua em outros download a versão parcial Qualquer dúvida estou à disposição Obrigada Abraços Eunice on 2018-05-22T12:01:40Z (GMT) / Submitted by João Munhoz (jfvlm@ufscar.br) on 2018-05-27T16:16:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese V.6 (Final) - João Fernando.pdf: 9335731 bytes, checksum: d43ee1c77922e89387dfea2707ce3abd (MD5) Carta Comprovante da versão final da tese.jpg: 41274 bytes, checksum: 68e6feb4fa1360327b440f2f90621de9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ri.bco@ufscar.br) on 2018-06-06T12:54:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese V.6 (Final) - João Fernando.pdf: 9335731 bytes, checksum: d43ee1c77922e89387dfea2707ce3abd (MD5) Carta Comprovante da versão final da tese.jpg: 41274 bytes, checksum: 68e6feb4fa1360327b440f2f90621de9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ri.bco@ufscar.br) on 2018-06-06T13:03:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese V.6 (Final) - João Fernando.pdf: 9335731 bytes, checksum: d43ee1c77922e89387dfea2707ce3abd (MD5) Carta Comprovante da versão final da tese.jpg: 41274 bytes, checksum: 68e6feb4fa1360327b440f2f90621de9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T13:03:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese V.6 (Final) - João Fernando.pdf: 9335731 bytes, checksum: d43ee1c77922e89387dfea2707ce3abd (MD5) Carta Comprovante da versão final da tese.jpg: 41274 bytes, checksum: 68e6feb4fa1360327b440f2f90621de9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Many glasses have been studied as solid electrolytes in behalf of replacing commercial liquid electrolytes. However, even for the best glass compositions available in the literature, values of conductivity similar to those presented by liquids are far beyond to be achieved. This work intends to show how changes in the structure, by means of composition, can help to increase the conductivity in oxide glasses. Samples with composition x WO3 - 0.30 (NaPO3)n - (0.70-x) NaF, with 0,30 ≤ ≤ 0,60;, were produced by melting quenching methodology. Substitution of tungsten for sodium fluoride generates a linear decrease of glass transition temperature while the stability remains high enough up to = % and decreasing for higher WO3 content. Raman and 31P and 19F 1D MAS-NMR spectroscopies data shows that the less NaF leads to a depolymerization of main phosphate chains, due to formation of − − bonds. In addition, fluorine atoms prefer to bind in the − form, with low tungsten content, or in − , with high proportion All samples showed same calculated values of Ea for ionic conductivity and drop of σ0. For higher fluoride proportion, it was observed a rise in the conductivity of around one order of magnitude. However, UV-Vis absorption curves demonstrate more presence of W5+ species in samples with ≥ %. This leads to a mixed conductivity of these materials. In order to obtain maximum ionic conductivity, NaF and (NaPO3)n were replaced by Li2O and (LiPO3)n respectively. Samples with composition x WO3 – 0.40 (LiPO3)n – (0.60-x) Li2O, with 0.30 ≤ ≤ 0.50; 0.40 WO3 – y (LiPO3)n – (0.60- y) Li2O, with 0.30 ≤ ≤ 0.50 and z WO3 – (0.80-z) (LiPO3)n – 0.20 Li2O, with 0.30 ≤ ≤ 0.50; were also produced using the melting quenching methodology. The three series of samples presented linear increase of Tg with their respective substitutions, besides having good thermal stability (> 100 °). Raman and 31P 1D MAS-NMR spectroscopies data exhibited the influence of WO3 content on the depolymerization of phosphate chains, as well as the formation of WO6 unit clusters, when much tungsten is present. Although UV-Vis absorption spectra indicate mixed conductivities in some samples, calculated values of ionic conductivity show that the most conductive sample without presence of reduced species reached 6.3 10−4Ω−1−1, comparable to conductive crystalline samples. / Muitos vidros têm sido estudados como eletrólitos sólidos, a fim de substituírem eletrólitos líquidos comerciais. No entanto, mesmo para composições vítreas ótimas na literatura, valores de condutividade similares àqueles presentes pelos líquidos estão muito além do alcançado. Este trabalho pretende mostrar como as mudanças na estrutura, por meio da composição, podem ajudar a aumentar a condutividade em vidros óxidos. Amostras com composição x WO3 – 0,30 (NaPO3)n – (0,70-x) NaF, com 0,30 ≤ ≤ 0,60; foram produzidas por meio da metodologia fusão/resfriamento. Substituição de tungstênio por fluoreto de sódio gera um decréscimo linear da temperatura de transição vítrea, enquanto que a estabilidade permanece alta até = 40 % e decresce para alto teor de WO3. Dados de Espectroscopias Raman e 31P e 19F MAS-NMR mostram que pouco NaF leva a despolimerização das cadeias principais de fosfato, devido a formação de ligações − − . Além disso, átomo de flúor prefere ligar-se na forma − , com baixa proporção de tungstênio, ou em − , com alta proporção. Todas as amostras apresentaram mesmos valores calculados de energia de ativação para condutividade iônica e queda de σ0. Para maior proporção de fluoreto, observou-se um incremento por volta de uma ordem de magnitude. Entretanto, curvas de absorção no UV-Vis demonstrou a maior presença de espécies W5+ em amostras com ≥ 50 % . Isto leva a uma condutividade mista destes materiais. A fim de se obter condutividade iônica máxima, NaF e (NaPO3)n foram substituídos por Li2O e (LiPO3)n respectivamente. Amostras com composições x WO3 – 0,40 (LiPO3)n – (0,60-x) Li2O, com 0,30 ≤ ≤ 0,50; 0,40 WO3 – y (LiPO3)n – (0,60-y) Li2O, com 0,30 ≤ ≤ 0,50 e z WO3 – (0,80-z) (LiPO3)n – 0,20 Li2O, com 0,30 ≤ ≤ 0,50; também foram produzidas por meio da metodologia fusão/resfriamento. As três séries de amostras apresentaram incremento linear de Tg com suas respectivas substituições, além de terem boa estabilidade térmica (> 100 °). Dados de Espectroscopia Raman e 31P MAS-NMR registraram a influência do teor de WO3 na despolimerização das cadeias de fosfato, bem a formação de clusters de unidades de WO6, quando muito tungstênio se faz presente. Apesar de curvas de absorção no UV-Vis indicarem a condutividade mista em algumas amostras, valores calculados de condutividade iônica mostram que a amostra mais condutora e sem a presença de espécies reduzidas, atingiu 6,3 10−4 Ω−1−1, comparável com amostras cristalinas condutoras. / CNPq: 141905/2013-1

In this work synthesis of structure cobaltites based on Ca-Co-O system is discussed. As major way of synthesis was chosen citric acid method. The document is devided into theoretical and experimental part and also into discussion of observed results. Main focus of literary research is general utilization and function of thermoelectric materials, related thermoeletric effects according to structural defects in crystals. Also topic of cobaltite ceramics is described. Due to the fact that calcium-cobalt oxides are conductive, their use is point of interest in high-temperature and energy applications. During experiments differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), X-Ray diffraction, heat microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used.

In this diploma thesis the preparation of ceramic catalytic materials was studied. They were studied by means of catalytic activity on powder samples and in a form of membrane as well. At first were multicomponent perovskite materials with the help of “glycine-nitride synthesis” synthesized. Two types of perovskite systems were prepared. First system was on the basis of nickelates LaNiO3 and the second one on the basis of cobaltites SmCoO3. Both of them were doped with aluminium and calcium. Ceramic powders were catalytic tested during reformed reaction. A part of powders was pressed with hydraulic biaxial press. Then the membranes were calcinated, sintered and polished. The membranes were tested to specify the catalytic activity. At first they were in hydrogen atmosphere reduced and afterwards came through the partial oxidation. The appearance of coke fibers on the surface was discussed.

Solarzellen aus organisch-anorganischen hybriden Perowskithalbleitern gelten als mögliche Schlüsseltechnologie zur Erzeugung günstiger und umweltfreundlicher elektrischer Energie und somit als Meilenstein für die Energiewende. Um die weltweit stetig wachsende Nachfrage an elektrischer Energie zu decken, bedarf es Solarzellentechnologien, welche gleichzeitig eine hohe Effizienz nahe dem Shockley-Queisser-Limit als auch eine hinreichend gute Stabilität aufweisen. Während die Effizienz von Solarzellen auf Basis von Perowskithalbleitern in dem letzten Jahrzehnt eine bemerkenswerte Entwicklung erfahren hat, lassen sich die wesentlichen physikalischen Mechanismen dieser Technologie noch nicht vollständig erklären. Die elektronisch-ionische Mischleitfähigkeit ist eine dieser Eigenschaften, welche die Effizienz und besonders die Stabilität der Perowskit-Solarzelle beeinflusst. Zentrales Thema dieser Arbeit ist daher die Untersuchung von mobilen ionischen Defekten und deren Einfluss auf Solarzellenparametern. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Migrationsraten ionischer Defekte in Perowskit breiten Verteilungen unterliegen. Durch die Anwendung eines neu entwickelten Regularisationsalgorithmus für inverse Laplace-Transformationen und verschiedener Messmoden für transiente Störstellenspektroskopie kann somit geklärt werden, warum sich berichtete ionische Defektparameter aus der Literatur für gleiche Defekte stark unterscheiden können. Dieses grundlegende Verständnis kann angewendet werden, um den Einfluss von kleinen stöchiometrischen Variationen auf die Defektlandschaft zu untersuchen und das Zusammenspiel zwischen elektronischen und ionischen Eigenschaften besser zu verstehen. Der Einsatz der Meyer-Neldel Regel ermöglicht ferner eine Kategorisierung ionischer Defekte in Perowskithalbleitern. Im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass elektrische und optische Methoden wie intensitätsmodulierte Spektroskopie geeignet sind, um Informationen über mobile Ionen in hybriden Perowskiten zu erhalten. Zusätzlich wird das elektronische Rekombinationsverhalten näher untersucht. / Solar cells made of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite semiconductors are considered as a possible key technology for the conversion of cheap and environmentally friendly electrical energy and thus as a milestone for the turnaround in energy policy. In order to meet the steadily growing global demand for electrical energy, solar cell tech- nologies are required that are both highly efficient, i.e. close to the Shockley–Queisser limit, and sufficiently stable. While the efficiency of solar cells based on perovskite semi- conductors has undergone a remarkable development in the last decade, the essential physical mechanisms of this technology cannot yet be fully explained. The electronic- ionic mixed conductivity is one of these properties, which influences the efficiency and especially the stability of the perovskite solar cell. The central topic of this thesis is therefore the investigation of mobile ionic defects and their influence on solar cell parameters. It is shown that the migration rates of ionic defects in perovskites are attributed to wide distributions. By application of a newly developed regularisation algorithm for inverse Laplace transform and different measurement modes for deep-level transient spectroscopy, it can thus be clarified why reported ionic defect parameters from the literature for the same defects can differ significantly. This basic understanding can be used to study the influence of small stoichiometric variations on the defect landscape and to better understand the interaction between electronic and ionic properties. Us- ing the Meyer–Neldel rule also allows the characterisation of ionic defects in perovskite semiconductors. The last part of this thesis shows that electrical and optical methods such as intensity-modulated spectroscopy are suitable for obtaining information about mobile ions in hybrid perovskites. In addition, the electronic recombination behaviour is examined more closely.