Drawing on insights from social psychological literature on identity formation, and on social movement and contentious politics literature, this research focuses on elite strategies to gain from or survive a crisis. The research specifically looks at strategies to foster popular support and mobilisation. It explores the use of divisive and ethno-centric discourses and policies aimed at mobilising supporters in times of instability or crisis. More specifically, it studies why some elite mobilising appeals have traction. To do so, the research examines social and psychological mechanisms behind group solidarity. A heightened sense of group solidarity is what leads individuals to think in terms of the group, a necessary step for mobilisation. From there, they can be made to feel appeals for collective action are warranted. Three mechanisms in particular are discussed: opposition, politicisation and simplification. Opposing entails enhancing feelings of attachment by creating a sense of antagonistic relations with another group. Politicising consists in ascribing to group identities a political nature, more conducive to contentious relations. The final strategy is simplification. It amounts to simplifying interpretations of the situation and environment so as to make them more readily internalisable. This framework is applied to contemporary Rwanda and to the lead-up to the wars in Yugoslavia. In the Rwandese case, cultural and historical references were repeatedly used by ruling regimes to foster a Hutu uprising against the Tutsi population. This tactic eventually played a fundamental role in triggering the 1994 genocide. In the former Yugoslavia, Croatian and Serbian elites antagonised group relations by agitating nationalist rhetoric. Though this was a strategy to stay in power or gain support, it also led to the break-up of Yugoslavia and to wars in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Thesis--Tübingen. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-300).

Thesis--Tübingen. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-300).

No description available.

Recycling has often been overlooked in the conversation on how to combat climate change. The reasons behind recycling being pushed to the wayside point to difficulties in mobilizing the general public, the inherent design of recyclables, and confusing legislation. However, throughout history there have been notable “salvage” (recycling) processes that changed social fabrics and economic structures. This thesis compares the past salvaging revolution of Great Britain during World War II with the current recycling revolution of Sweden. The thesis uses theories of mobilization in order to contrast wartime events with contemporary peaceful democracy. Through the theories of wartime mobilization, discursive mobilization and material ecological mobilization, the thesis creates a content analysis based on the author’s own 5-point scale system, in combination with semi-structured interviews with key actors in the Swedish recycling sector and historical anecdotes from World War II. The findings of the thesis show that there is a gap in quality of mobilization done in past British salvaging efforts and present Swedish recycling efforts, which involves the extent of active state engagement, commitment to the promotion of recycling, and the under/well-establishment of end user systems.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / SASTMTM is a myofascial technique used to mobilize soft tissue and aid in the elongation of soft tissue and create physiological change. The purpose of the study was to determine the acute effects of Sound Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (SASTMTM) on lower extremity hamstring strength (isokinetic & isometric) and flexibility. Thirty division III male athletes with limited ROM of ≤ 90o of knee extension with 90o of hip flexion while lying supine consented to volunteer. Each subject was treated and measured through a double-blinded experimental design where the subjects and tester were unaware of the real treatment being administered and measured. The research consisted of 4 visits (familiarization/baseline, and 3 data collection session). Testing sessions were conducted a week after the baseline session, followed by two sessions, 2 days and a week after the 1st session. Three different modalities (SASTMTM, Therapeutic Ultrasound and “The Stick”) were performed on a treatment leg, and the opposite leg served as a control. Data collection consisted of a warm-up on a cycle ergometer followed by one randomly chosen modality on the treatment leg. Data collection was conducted using a Cybex 300-isokinetic device and a digital goniometer. Isokinetic strength testing was performed at 60, 180 and 240o/s. Isometric testing was collected at 45o of knee flexion. Repeated two-way ANOVA’s (3-Treatment x 3-Time) were used for statistical analyses to determine the effects of interventions and the time on strength and flexibility. The statistical analyses resulted in no significant results (p≤.05) for acute effects for either strength or flexibility with respect to time, treatment or treatment and time interactions.

Arsenic (As) is a common occurring environmental pollutant. The USEPA has a stricter regulation for arsenic in drinking water (10 ug/L). Small drinking water suppliers from regions with high arsenic backgrounds levels, will need to remove arsenic from drinking water in order to meet the new standard. The proposed treatment by the USEPA is the oxidation of arsenite (AsIII) to arsenate (AsV) followed by the adsorption onto metal oxides (e.g. granular ferrihydrite (GFH)). Large amounts of arsenic-bearing solid waste will be generated and disposed in municipal landfills based on EPA's recommendation. The alkaline and anaerobic conditions prevailing in mature landfills combined with the high content of organic matter and the microbial activity prevailing in landfill could play an important role in the biotransformation and mobilization of sorbed arsenic in landfills. The extensive use of organo arsenical compounds such as pesticides in agriculture has become an emerging source of arsenic contamination in the environment. Roxarsone (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid) is a compound supplemented in the poultry feed to enhance growth by controlling coccidian parasites. Chickens excrete the roxarsone without changes in its chemical structure. Land application of chicken manure in agricultural fields is a common practice. Approximately 900 metric tons of roxarsone is estimated to be released into environment in the U.S. annually. The environmental impact is significant when considering that these quantities of arsenic are spread onto relative small land areas in the direct vicinity of poultry houses. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of anaerobic bioconversion on the fate and mobility of inorganic and organic arsenic compounds. The results taken as a whole suggest that arsenic in drinking water residuals is susceptible to enhanced mobilization due to anaerobic microbial activity, and therefore As mobilization should be expected in mature landfills. Roxarsone was readily biotransformed by a methanogenic consortium to its corresponding amino compound, 4-hydroxy-3-aminophenylarsonic acid (HAPA). A fraction of the HAPA went on to be converted to AsIII after long term incubations. Therefore, land application of roxarsone-containing wastes could potentially lead to the formation of more toxic and mobile forms of arsenic which will have negative impact on the environment.

Marriage equality exists in 35 states and the District of Columbia. Activists are waiting on the Supreme Court to issue a ruling and bring the movement to its conclusion. Critics of litigation claim that its effects are limited at best, and that the movement's desired result could be achieved without stepping foot in a courtroom. This Article seeks to examine the marriage equality movement's strategy for getting to this point, particularly the role of courts, and argues that litigation was an effective and necessary means of expanding the freedom to marry.

The current socio-economic and political landscape of Sudan and South Sudan can be described as one that is war-ridden and deeply divided by religion, culture, ethnicity and ownership over oil. It has been more than twelve months since the secession of Southern Sudan from the North (See Map 1). Despite the secession, general instability continues. To deal with this turmoil, Sudan declared a so-called “state of emergency” in 2012 along its border with South Sudan. The reason for this was the on-going tension between North Sudan and South Sudan over ownership of the oil-rich Abyei area. This conflict over oil is furthermore fuelled by diverse internal divisions among the Sudanese population (North and South). Sudanese diversity is characterized by two opposing antagonistic religious groupings, namely the Arabic North, whose main religious belief is Islam, and the so-called “black Africans” in the South, whose religious belief is mainly Christianity or Animist. In addition to this primary division there are also over 570 ethnic groups in Sudan (North and South). Conflicts and tension between the different ethnic groups is furthermore caused by disputes over natural resources such as water, livestock and land as well as political power and economic gains. Despite the continued conflict the assumption in this study was that the signing and implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) (2005–2011) represented a potential step towards eventual stability. This dissertation therefore focuses, as a case study, on an analytical description of the CPA and its outcomes. Specific reference was made to the role and impact of political mobilization by using an instrumental approach as a framework for analysis. In the above regard, research centred on the following three themes: *Ethnic mobilization as a factor in the political destabilization of Sudan since independence and towards the implementation of the CPA; *Ethnic mobilization as a guideline in the structuring of the CPA; and *Ethnic mobilization and the eventual outcome of the CPA. By addressing the above themes, the study attempted firstly to provide a balanced perspective on the causes of continued instability and conflict in Sudan. Secondly, an attempt was made to provide a future scenario for the possible unfolding of socio-economic and political developments in Sudan and South Sudan. / MA (Political studies), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

In allogeneic stem cell mobilization, peripheral blood stem cell mobilization with filgrastim can be considered standard of care. Poor mobilizers may be at risk for inadequate stem cell collection during apheresis. He we present a successful case of salvage plerixafor use with filgrastim in a haploidentical identical transplant patient.