MOF-5 ist der Archetyp einer neuartigen Klasse hochporöser Materialien, den Metal Organic Frameworks, die unter anderem zur Anwendung als effektive Gasspeicher geeignet sind. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die seiner Bildung zugrunde liegenden Reaktionen untersucht. Aus den Erkenntnissen dieser Untersuchungen wurden zwei neue Syntheseverfahren entwickelt. Eines der Verfahren beruht auf der Phasenumwandlung von Zinkterephthalaten und ermöglichte die Laborsynthese von MOF-5 in 100 g-Mengen. Ein zweites Verfahren bedient sich des Strukturaufbaus mit Hilfe vorgefertigter anorganischer Cluster, wodurch erstmals die Synthese von MOF-5-Homologen anderer Metalle als Zink gelang.

Two-dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs), possessing extended π–d conjugated planar structure, are emerging as a unique class of electronic materials due to their intrinsic electrical conductivities. Taking advantage of the large-area flat surface, 2D c-MOF thin films allow facile device integration with sufficient electrode contact, high device stability, and high charge transport, thereby emerging as appealing active layers for a broad range of electronic applications. Synthesis and device investigation of thin films are of great importance for their further development, which are systematically summarized in the current review. Here, the authors firstly introduce the molecular structures of representative 2D c-MOFs and present the fundamental understanding on structure–property relationships. After that, the state-of-art synthetic methodologies toward high-quality 2D c-MOF thin films are summarized, including exfoliation and reassembly (ERA), liquid-interface-assisted synthesis (LIAS), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). By considering the advantages of 2D c-MOF films in device integration, remarkable progress in (opto-)electronic device applications are discussed, such as field-effect transistors (FETs), chemiresistive sensors, photodetectors, superconductors, and thermoelectrics. In the end, the remained challenges about the development of 2D c-MOF films for (opto-)electronics are highlighted and possible future directions are proposed to address these challenges.

Metal organic framework compounds have emerged as an important part of inorganic coordination chemistry during the last two decades. In this thesis, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) compounds of 5-substituted isophthalic acids have been investigated. As part of the investigations, preparation of MOF compounds of different 5-substituted isophthalic acids such as 5-aminoisophthalaic acid, 5-nitroisophthalaic acid and 5-sulphoisophthalaic acid have been accomplished. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Magnetic properties of the transition metal based compounds have been studied by SQUID/PPMS magnetometer. The ligand-sensitized metal-center emission has been studied on the Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped MOF compounds of Y and La. Up-conversion luminescence properties of Nd based compound have also been studied. The labile nature of the coordinated and lattice water molecules was established by employing dynamic in-situ single crystal to single crystal structural transformation studies. In addition, the site selective substitution in homometallic MOF compounds and their subsequent thermal decomposition to mixed-metal spinel oxides have also been investigated. In Chapter 1 of the thesis an overview of the metal-organic framework compounds is presented. In Chapter 2, the synthesis, structure and properties of 5-aminoisophthalate compounds of 3d metals and the rare earth metals are presented. In some of these compounds the coordinate and the lattice water molecules can be removed and reinserted with the retention of single crystallinity. Also some of the isostructural compounds exhibits interesting magnetic behaviors. Partial substitution of the Y3+/La3+ compounds of 5-aminoisophthalate with Eu3+/Tb3+ exhibits characteristics metal centered emission (red = Eu3+ and green = Tb3+). In Chapter 3, the three dimensional compounds of 5-nitroisophthalate and 4, 4’-oxybisbenzoate with cobalt and the high – throughput screening in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O – NIPA – heterocyclic ligand systems are presented. In chapter 4, the single crystal to single crystal transformation with temperature dependent dimensionality cross-over and structural reorganizations in two copper based compounds of 5-sulfoisopphthalate and 5-nitroisophthalate are presented. In chapter 5, the site selective substitution in a homometallic MOF compound and its subsequent decomposition to mixed-metal spinel oxides are presented.

La conception de nouveaux matériaux fonctionnels a une longue histoire. Durant les deux dernières décennies, le domaine des polymères organiques et inorganiques a attiré l'attention des chercheurs. Plus important encore, les matériaux poreux tels que les Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), en anglais, Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), en anglais, ainsi que des polymères de coordination poreux sont maintenant étudiés de manière intensive en raison de leurs applications potentielles, comprenant le stockage de gaz, la séparation de gaz, la catalyse et la détection. D'un autre côté, les polymères contenant du Pt ont montré l'application potentielle dans les cellules solaires et les diodes électroluminescentes. Le mémoire est divisé en trois sections principales présentant des résultats nouveaux. Dans la première section, le chapitre 2 traite essentiellement de la formation de polymères de coordination (CP) avec des sels CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) et trans-[p-MeSC6H4C≡C-Pt(PMe3)2-C≡CC6H4SMe] (L1), soit dans le PrCN ou PhCN. Les polymères résultants sont soit 2D (bidimensionel) ou 1D (unidimensionel). Cependant, en presence de PrCN ou de PhCN, le CP 2D obtenu avec le CuBr n'a pas incorporé de solvant dans ses espaces vides. D'autre part, le CP 2D et le reste des CP 1D obtenus avaient soit des molécules de solvant de cristallisation dans leurs cavités ou coordonnés au cuivre sur la chaîne. Les unités cuivre-halogénures étaient soit des rhomboïdes Cu2X2 ou le cubane Cu4I4. Leurs mesures photophysiques en présence et en l'absence de molécules de solvant de cristallisation ont été effectuées. En outre, la porosité du CP a été évaluée par BET (N2 à 77 K). Le vapochromisme du CP 2D sans solvant et des CP 1D ont été étudiés, ainsi que les mesures de sorption du CO2 ont été effectuées. De plus, nous avons utilisé CuCN et L1 dans MeCN pour former de nouveaux CP’s. Ceci est rapporté dans la deuxième section, le chapitre 3. Le CP obtenu était inattendu : L1 s’est rompu et du cyanure CN‾ s’est coordonné sur le Pt. Ceci a conduit à la formation d’un CP 1D zigzag. Généralement, les CP sont formés avec L1 via des liens Cu-S ou/et Cu([éta]2-C≡C), mais pas dans le cas du CuCN qui lui forme une chaîne 1D (CuCN)n où le L1 rompu se lie avec cette chaîne via un lien Cu-N. Les propriétés photophysiques et de stabilité thermique ont été étudiées. La troisième section (Chapitre 4) traite d'une exploration des CP formés par la reaction des sels CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) et le trans-[p-MeSC6H4C≡C-Pt(PMe3)2-C≡CC6H4SMe] (L1) ou le trans-[p-MeSC6H4C≡C-Pt(PEt3)2-C≡CC6H4SMe] (L2) dans du MeCN afin de trouver des tendances. L'utilisation de L1 a donné lieu à un CP 2D ou 1D CPs avec le MeCN piégé à l'intérieur des cavités, il y a de l’espace vide. L2 a conduit uniquement à des CP 1D sans molecules de solvant de cristallisation. Des analyses thermogravimétriques, photophysique et des mesures d’adsorption de gaz (uniquement pour ceux avec du solvant) ont été étudiées. / Abstract: The design of new functional materials has a long history. For the past two decades, the field of organic and inorganic polymers has attracted attention of researchers. More importantly, porous materials such as Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as well as porous coordination polymers are now being intensively studied due to their potential applications including gas storage, gas separations, catalyst and sensing. On another hand, Pt-containing polymers have shown potential applications in solar cells and light emitting diodes. The masters’ thesis is mainly divided into three main sections presenting new results. In the first section; Chapter 2 mainly discusses the formation of coordination polymers with CuX salts (X= Cl, Br, I) and trans-[p-MeSC6H4C≡C-Pt(PMe3)2-C≡CC6H4SMe] (L1), in either PrCN or PhCN. The resulting polymers obtained were 2D (bidimensional) CPs or 1D (unidimensional) CPs in all cases. However, 2D CPs obtained when CuBr salt is used by either using PrCN or PhCN did not incorporate the solvents in their cavities. On the other hand, the 2D CP and the rest of 1D CPs obtained had either the crystallization molecules in the cavities or coordinated to the copper cluster. The copper-halide clusters were either the rhomboids Cu2X2 fragments or the step cubane Cu4I4. The photophysical measurements in the presence and absence of solvent crystallization molecules were performed. In addition, the porosity of the CPs was evaluated by adsorption isotherms. The vapochromism of the solvent-free 2D and 1D CPs were investigated as well as CO2 sorption measurements were perfomed. Furthermore, we then attempted to use CuCN and L1 in MeCN which is reported in the second section as Chapter 3. The obtained CP was unexpected as L1 broke and a cyanide (CN‾) ion coordinated to the Pt atom leading to the formation of zigzag 1D CP. The coordination bonds Cu-S or/and Cu([eta]2-C≡C) were generally observed with L1, but not in the CuCN case. Instead a 1D chain of (CuCN)n was made and the broken L1 now binds the chain via a Cu-N bond. The photophysical and thermal stability properties were studied. Lastly, the third section, Chapter 4 deals with a potential predictability of CP formation by using CuX salts (X= Cl, Br, I) and either trans-[p-MeSC6H4C≡C-Pt(PMe3)2-C≡CC6H4SMe] (L1) or trans-[p-MeSC6H4C≡C-Pt(PEt3)2-C≡CC6H4SMe] (L2) in MeCN as the solvent. The use of L1 resulted in either 2D or 1D CPs with the MeCN trapped inside of the cavities while L2 resulted in 1D CPs without MeCN being present in their cavities. The thermogravimetric, photophysical as well as gas sorption measurements (only for those with crystalisation molecules) were perfomed.

Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s’inscrivent dans le cadre général de la conversion et du stockage de l’énergie lumineuse. Dans ce domaine, l’utilisation de MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks) polyfonctionnels n’en est qu’à ses débuts et ils sont principalement utilisés sous forme de poudre cristalline. Or le développement de ces MOFs sur un support solide est essentiel dans l’obtention d’un objet technologiquement avancé répondant à des critères industriels. Les travaux réalisés lors de ce projet ont donc porté sur la croissance contrôlée de matériaux hybrides polyfonctionnels de type MOF sur une surface conductrice transparente TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide). Les différentes fonctionnalités ont été introduites au sein du MOF par intégration d’une partie photosensible et d’une unité catalytique.A partir de systèmes de MOFs modèles à base de zirconium, il a été possible de produire des systèmes polyfonctionnels par modifications directement pendant la synthèse et/ou post synthèse. Le contrôle de la croissance, en maîtrisant les conditions expérimentales lors de la synthèse solvothermale directe in situ, nous a permis d’obtenir une couche de cristaux monodisperses solidement attachés aux supports TCO. Des efforts importants ont également été dédiés à la compréhension des mécanismes de croissance des MOF sur support TCO. Des essais de photodégradation du bleu de méthylène (polluant organique) ont permis de valider le potentiel photochimique de nos dispositifs.La méthodologie développée pour le contrôle de la croissance des MOFs à base de zirconium a été transposée avec succès à des analogues à base de titane, démontrant la portabilité de la stratégie vers d’autres types de MOFs. Ces derniers ont été utilisés en photo-réduction du CO2 lors d’essais préliminaires (collaboration avec le Collège de France) conduisant sélectivement à l’obtention de formiate. / This work is focused on the development of a functionalization method of TCO transparent conductive surfaces (Transparent Conductive Oxide) by hybrid multifunctional materials, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Different properties are provided within the MOF by adding different photosensitive and catalytic units. The development of such materials is in its infancy and they have been mainly developed as crystalline powder. However the development of these MOFs onto a solid support is challenging but also essential toward obtaining a technologically advanced device.This project is focused on the growth controlled of MOFs crystals onto TCO support. From a Zirconium material, it was possible to obtain multifunctional systems by changing components directly during the synthesis or by post synthesis modifications. It has been possible to control the growth of materials on the support by direct in situ solvothermal synthesis and to obtain a monodisperse layer of crystals well anchored to the TCO supports. Photodegradation of methylene blue (organic pollutant) has been performed to validate their photoreactivity.The methodology developed with the Zirconium based MOF has been implemented successfully in a similar compound to include higher photosensitizer components and with titanium-based MOFs. It shows the portability of the strategy towards other types of MOFs. They were used in CO2 photo-reduction (in collaboration of the College de France) where selectively of formate production was observed.

L'objectif de ce travail étaient le développement de catalyseurs hétérogènes efficaces pour promouvoir des réactions asymétriques, en utilisant la polymérisation oxydante ou la formation de polymères de coordination. De nouveaux complexes de salen Co(III) chiraux modifiés par des groupements aromatiques sur les position 5, 5' ont été préparés et testés dans le dédoublement cinétique hydrolytique (HKR) des époxydes terminaux en conditions homogènes. Ces complexes ont été ensuite engagés dans les polymérisations oxydantes électrochimiques ou chimiques, et une stratégie de copolymérisation a fourni des polymères chiraux très efficaces et stables pour catalyser l'HKR dans des conditions hétérogènes. Nous avons alors cherché à préparer un catalyseur capable de catalyser deux réactions en cascade, en copolymérisant deux complexes de salen portant des métaux différents. Pendant ces études, les complexes de salen Mn ont révélé leur participation active à la réaction d'HKR des époxydes terminaux catalysée par les complexes de salen Co(III), en augmentant l'excès énantiomérique du produit de façon significative. Les études mécanistiques ont été ensuite réalisées pour tenter de comprendre le rôle des complexes de Mn dans cette réaction. De plus, des complexes de salen fonctionnalisés par le groupement pyridine ou le groupement de type acide isophtalique ont été synthétisés. Ces complexes ont été utilisés pour préparer de nouveaux réseaux de polymères de coordination poreux chiraux (collaboration avec l'équipe LCI de l'ICMMO et l'Institut Lavoisier à Versailles), qui sont ensuite testés comme catalyseurs hétérogènes dans la réaction de Henry asymétrique et la réaction d'HKR.

The metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds have witnessed rapid growth in the past decade and currently emerged as a highly unique area in the field of chemistry, materials science, and multiple branches of engineering. It presents applications in diverse fields such as gas sorption, catalysis, ionic conductivity, sensing etc. These compounds are built by the inorganic metal ions which are bridged by organic linkers to form extended structures. These compounds are mainly synthesized by either one-pot synthesis or in a sequential manner. In the former case, the inorganic metal ions and the respective organic linker are reacted together in a particular solvent or solvent mixture, whereas in the later case, a metalloligand is prepared by using the organic linker and the primary metal ion, which react with the secondary metal ion forming the desired structure. In this thesis, the synthesis of metal-organic framework compounds by one-pot synthesis as well as the sequential synthesis is presented. The structures of all the synthesized compounds have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The prepared compounds were employed in the study of sensing of nitroaromatic compounds, toxic metal ions and highly oxidizing anions. In addition, detailed studies of heterogeneous catalysis employing the prepared MOFs were investigated along with catalysis by metal nanoparticle incorporated within MOFs. In select cases, the labile nature of the lattice water molecules was established by performing in-situ single crystal to single crystal (SCSC) structural transformation studies. In addition, the proton conductivity and the magnetic behavior have also been studied. Chapter 1 of the thesis presents a brief overview on metal-organic framework compounds and summarizes its various important properties. In chapter 2, the synthesis, structure, and characterization of heterometallic metal-organic framework compounds using 2-mercaptonicotinic (H2mna) and Cu(I) / Ag(I) based two metalloligands, [Cu6(Hmna)6] and [Ag6(Hmna)2(mna)4](NH4)4 are presented. In chapter 3, we present the synthesis, structure and nitroaromatic sensing behavior of [Ag6(mna)6](NH4)6 metalloligand based heterometallic metal-organic framework compounds. In chapter 4, the synthesis, structure and Lewis acid catalytic behavior of 6-mercaptonicotinic acid based heterometallic metal-organic framework compounds are presented. In chapter 5, the stabilization of the palladium nanoparticles in the newly synthesized 1,10-phenanthroline based metal-organic framework compounds and their catalytic behavior is presented. In chapter 6, we present the synthesis, structure and the sensing behavior of hazardous chemicals such as toxic metal ions and highly oxidizing anions. In addition, the adsorption and desorption of synthetic dye molecules by the metal-organic framework compounds are also presented.

No description available.

A modular approach for the synthesis of highly ordered porous and chiral auxiliary (Evans auxiliary) decorated metal–organic frameworks is developed. Our synthesis strategy, which uses known porous structures as model materials for incorporation of chirality via linker modification, can provide access to a wide range of porous materials suitable for enantioselective separation and catalysis. Chiral analogues of UMCM-1 have been synthesized and investigated for the enantioseparation of chiral compounds in the liquid phase and first promising results are reported. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Five new coordination polymers, namely, [Zn2(H2O)2(BBC)](NO3)(DEF)6 (DUT-40), [Zn3(H2O)3(BBC)2] (DUT-41), [(C2H5)2NH2][Zn2(BBC)(TDC)](DEF)6(H2O)7 (DUT-42), [Zn10(BBC)5(BPDC)2(H2O)10](NO3)(DEF)28(H2O)8 (DUT-43), and [Co2(BBC)(NO3)(DEF)2(H2O)](DEF)6(H2O) (DUT-44), where BBC – 4,4′,4′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(benzene-4,1-diyl))tribenzoate, TDC – 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate, BPDC – 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate, DEF – N,N-diethylformamide, were obtained under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. It has been shown that compounds DUT-40, DUT-41 and DUT-44 exhibit 2D layered structures with large hexagonal channels. Utilization of additional angular dicarboxylic TDC linker led to the formation of the DUT-42 compound with the structure consisting of three interpenetrated 3D networks. Using the linear co-linker dicarboxylic BPDC, DUT-43 was obtained which forms a complicated 3D architecture arising from the polycatenation of triple-layered 2D building units and 2D single layer units. The pore accessibility of the synthesized compounds in the liquid phase was proved by the adsorption of dye molecules. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.