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Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Teresa L. Slough / Teresa L. Slough / There is increasing interest in the use of point-of-care glucometers to monitor glucose concentrations in horses with metabolic disorders. The first study reported herein compared equine glucose concentrations obtained by a handheld glucometer using whole blood or plasma, a YSI 2300 bench top glucose analyzer using whole blood or plasma, and a SEVEN continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device that measured glucose in interstitial fluid to readings obtained by a standard laboratory glucose analyzer utilizing plasma. In addition, glucose concentrations obtained by the CGM were compared to those obtained by the handheld glucometer using whole blood or plasma. Post-prandial increases and decreases in glucose concentrations were detected utilizing all glucometers tested. When glucose measurements obtained with the CGM in interstitial fluid were compared to glucose measured using the handheld glucometer in plasma or whole blood, glucose measurements from plasma had better reproducibility. Although the CGM could be a useful instrument for collecting nearly continuous data for the researcher and clinician, there are technical difficulties related to the CGM that must first be overcome. The second study was designed to compare the effects of consuming a twice-daily meal of sweet feed (SF) to ad libitum access to a molasses-based block (BL) supplement on patterns of interstitial glucose concentrations in horses. A novelty effect of the BL was observed, in which horses consumed increased quantities in the first 12 h. Treatments had no effect on intake of forage in this study. The range and means of glucose values were similar between treatments, and significant glucose responses to treatments had lag times that were indirectly similar, even though molasses intake was greater for horses on BL. Variability between horses was noted in quantity of BL consumed as well as timing and magnitude of glucose responses. Based on the results of this experiment, there does not appear to be a clear advantage to either treatment, SF or BL, in attenuating post-prandial glucose increases or in minimizing glucose fluctuations in the horse.

A indústria sucroalcooleira nacional, fruto da política de autonomia energética da década de 70, busca no aumento de portifólio produtivo a melhora da eficiência produtiva e energética. A produção de hidrogênio e metabólitos dissolvidos por processo biológico é uma linha de pesquisa relativamente recente, porém, que pode representar uma alternativa para esse setor, maximizando a produção de energia e ampliando a produção de compostos de alto valor agregado. Partindo destes preceitos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de hidrogênio e ácidos orgânicos por meio da fermentação escura a partir de compostos da indústria sucroalcooleira; sacarose (RS), caldo (RC), melaço (RM) e vinhaça (RV) a 5.000 mg DQO L-1, em reatores anaeróbios de leito fluidificado termofílicos (55°C), submetidos a tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de 8, 6, 4, 2 e 1h. O inóculo utilizado foi obtido a partir de lodo de reator de manta de lodo metanogênico empregado na biodigestão de vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar em faixa termofílica de temperatura (55°C). As produtividades volumétricas de hidrogênio (PVH) mais elevadas foram obtidas quando em operação em TDH de 1h, sendo 194,9; 501,4; 303,4 e 40,7 mL H2 h-1 L-1 para RS, RC, RM e RV, respectivamente. Os melhores rendimentos de hidrogênio (HY) foram logrados em distintos TDH; 1,97; 3,01; 2,5 e 0,65 mol H2 mol- 1 sacarose quando RS, RC, RM e RV foram operados em 4, 6, 2 e 1h, respectivamente. Na fase de maior PVH, os metabólitos dissolvidos predominantes resumiram-se a ácido lático, ácido acético, ácido butírico, ácido propiônico, ácido málico e etanol, condicionados ao substrato empregado em cada reator. Assim, evidenciou-se a possibilidade de produção de hidrogênio, ácidos orgânicos e etanol por meio da fermentação escura aplicada aos substratos desta indústria, confirmando que a produção de energia e produtos de elevado valor agregado pode ser uma aplicação alternativa para seus compostos. / The national sugarcane industry, coming from the energy policy autonomy of the 70s, seeks increase its portfolio productive improvement of productive and energy efficiency. Hydrogen and dissolved metabolites production by biological process is a relatively recent research line, however it, may represent an alternative for this sector, maximizing energy production and increasing the value-added compounds production. Based on these principles, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hydrogen and dissolved metabolites production by means of the dark fermentation from compounds of the sugarcane industry; sucrose (RS), sugarcane juice (RC), molasses (RM) and vinasse (RV) with 5,000 mg COD L- 1in thermophilic anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (55°C) submitted to hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8, 6, 4, 2, and 1h. The inoculum was obtained from methanogenic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor employed to digestion of sugarcane stillage in thermophilic temperature range (55°C). The highest hydrogen production rates (HPR) of these reactors were obtained when operating in HRT 1h, which were 194.9, 501.4, 303.4, and 40.7 mL H2 h-1 L-1 to RS, RC , RM, and RV respectively. The best hydrogen yield (HY) were duped in differents HRT; 1.97, 3.01, 0.65, and 2.5 mol H2 mol-1 sacarose when RS, RC , RM, and RV were operated in 4, 6, 2, and 1h , respectively. When were produced the biggest HPR, the predominant dissolved metabolites were lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, malic acid and ethanol, dependent on the substrate used in each reactor. Therefore, evidence of the possibility of hydrogen, organic acids and ethanol production by dark fermentation applied to substrates that industry, confirming that the production of energy and high value-added products may be an alternative application for their compounds.

BIM é uma proteína pro-apoptótica membro da família Bcl-2. No sistema imune, BIM tem sido descrita como reguladora da homeostase de linfócitos. Porém, o papel do BIM no estabelecimento da resposta imune de linfócitos T CD8+ ainda não foi investigado. Sendo os vetores adenovirais fortes ativadores destas células, investigamos o papel de BIM na qualidade e na frequência de linfócitos T CD8+ em camundongos C57Bl/6 selvagens, bim+/- e bim-/- imunizados com 2x106 PFU Ad.cOVA / 100 μl. Observou-se que camundongos bim-/- apresentam uma redução da lise específica desencadeada pelos linfócitos CD8+, assim como uma menor freqüência de linfócitos CD8+ produtores de IFNγ. Contrariamente, os camundongos bim-/- não mostraram diferencias no controle da progressão tumoral, o que poderia estar relacionado ao acumulo de linfócitos efetores apresentado nestes animais. Em conclusão, camundongos bim-/- apresentam uma menor freqüência de linfócitos T CD8+ com capacidade efetora, sugerindo um importante papel de BIM na produção destas células. / BIM is a pro-apoptotic protein member of the Bcl-2 family. In the immune system, BIM has been described as a regulator of lymphocyte homeostasis. However, the role of BIM on the establishment of the immune response mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes has not been studied yet. As the adenoviral vectors are strong activators of these cells, we investigated the role of BIM on the quality and frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, wild-type, bim+/- and bim-/- C57Bl/6 mice immunized with 2x106 PFU Ad.cOVA / 100μl. We observed that bim-/- mice showed a lower frequency of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells along with a reduction in the specific lysis triggered by CD8+ lymphocytes. Surprisingly, bim-/- mice did not show differences in the control of tumor progression, which could be related to the accumulation of effector lymphocytes presented in these animals. In conclusion, bim-/- mice present a lower frequency of CD8+ lymphocytes with effector capacity, suggesting an important role of BIM in their production.

Não consta resumo na publicação. / Abstract not available.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-14T15:59:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Paulo Viana de Lima.pdf: 751024 bytes, checksum: 12aea5280a52c50190be7cbe5d4985dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T15:59:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Paulo Viana de Lima.pdf: 751024 bytes, checksum: 12aea5280a52c50190be7cbe5d4985dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-27 / The accumulation of toxic nitrogenous compounds in the water is a common problem to aquaculture systems. Recent works have showed good results in terms of production and nitrogen retention efficiency, through the addition of organic carbon source (sugar, molasses, etc). This work investigated the effect of molasses addition in different C:N ratios on the water quality, microbial activity and production, in semi-intensive experimental culture tanks of Litopenaeus vannamei with no water exchange. Four treatments and three replicates were adopted, which three with daily molasses addition in 5, 10 and 15:1 C:N ratio and one control with no carbon source addition. Twelve 500 L fiber glass tanks were stocked with 25 shrimps.m-2 (1.90±0.37 g). Shrimps were fed with a 35% crude protein commercial diet offered in feeding trays at 08:00 and 16:00. Phytoplankton, bacteria and water samples were collected fortnightly during the culture. The 15:1 and 10:1 C:N ratios showed lower (P<0.05) oxygen dissolved levels (4.64 and 4.76 mg L-1, respectively) which is related with the major organic carbon supply in these ratios. Molasses addition resulted in lower (P<0.05) nitrogenous compounds levels (nitrite and nitrate), as well reducing in the cianobacteria densities in the C:N 10 and 15:1 treatments. No significant differences (P≥0.05) were found in Vibrio spp, autotrophic and heterotrophic bacterial densities. Shrimp final weight (~12.3 g)and weigth gain (~1.04 g.week-1) in high C:N ratios (10:1 and 15:1) were higher (P<0.05) than in the others treatments. Specific growth rate was high in all treatments (2.53 to 2.69 % day-1), but the 10:1 ratio was higher than the control. Yield values ranged from 267.4 to 301.0 g m-2 with no significant difference (P≥0.05) among treatments. This study shows that the molasses can be used as carbon source in order to increase C:N ratio, improving the water quality and the L. vannamei semi-intensive culture performance with no water exchange. / O acúmulo de formas tóxicas de compostos nitrogenados na água é um grande problema para os sistemas aqüícolas. Pesquisas recentes têm demonstrado resultados satisfatórios em termos de produção e eficiência de retenção do nitrogênio, através da adição de fontes de carbono orgânico (açúcar, melaço, etc.). O presente estudo investigou o efeito da adição de melaço em diferentes relações C:N sobre a qualidade da água, atividade microbiana e a produção semi-intensiva do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei, em tanques de cultivo experimental sem renovação de água. Foram adotados quatro tratamentos e três réplicas, sendo três com aplicação diária de melaço nas relações C:N 5, 10 e 15:1, e um controle, sem aplicação desta fonte de carbono. Foram utilizados 12 tanques em fibra de vidro (500 L), estocados com 25 camarões.m-2 (1,90±0,37 g). A alimentação constou de ração comercial com 35% de proteína bruta e foi ofertada diariamente em bandejas às 8 e 16h. Coletas de água para análise química e de material biológico (fitoplâncton e bactérias) foram realizadas quinzenalmente ao longo do cultivo. As relações 15:1 e 10:1 apresentaram os menores (P<0,05) níveis de oxigênio dissolvido (4,64 e 4,76 mg L-1, respectivamente) que está relacionado ao maior aporte de carbono orgânico nestas relações. O melaço reduziu significativamente (P<0,05) as concentrações dos compostos nitrogenados, nitrito e nitrato, bem como reduziu as densidadesde cianobactérias nos ambientes com relações C:N de 10 e 15:1. Nenhum efeito (P≥0,05) foi observado em relação às bactérias autotróficas, heterotróficas e Vibrio spp. O peso final dos camarões (~12,3 g) e o ganho de peso individual (~1,04 g.semana-1), nas relações C:N mais altas (10:1 e 15:1), foram superiores (P<0,05) aos demais tratamentos. A taxa de crescimento específico foi elevada em todos os tratamentos (2,53 a 2,69 % dia-1), entretanto os indivíduos na relação 10:1 foi superior (P<0,05) ao controle. Os valores de produção variaram de 267,4 a 301,0 g m-2, e não foram diferentes estatisticamente (P≥0,05) entre os tratamentos. O melaço pode ser utilizado como fonte de carbono para incrementar a relação C:N, melhorando a qualidade da água e os níveis de produtividade em cultivo semi-intensivo de L. vannamei sem renovação de água.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-22T15:35:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ugo Lima Silva.pdf: 369837 bytes, checksum: fb82abdaa84e171bd675e0309f403a29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T15:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ugo Lima Silva.pdf: 369837 bytes, checksum: fb82abdaa84e171bd675e0309f403a29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 / This work investigated the effect of molasses addition in different C:N ratios on the water quality and growth performance of the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp during the nursery phase without water exchange. A randomized experimental design was applied with three treatments and four replicates. Two treatments with daily molasses addition of 25:1 (25M) and 15:1 (15M) C:N ratio and one control with no carbon source addition (0M). Twelve (800 L) fiber glass tanks were stocked with 6.25 post-larvae/L (mean weight < 0.01 g) corresponding to 5000 post larvae/tank. Shrimps were fed with a 40% crude protein commercial diet offered at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00. The feedding rate varied from 50 to 15% of the shrimp biomass from the beginning to the end of the culture. The water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured daily whereas transparency and salinity were measured weekly. The 25:1 and 15:1 C:N ratios showed lower (p<0.05) pH levels (7.9) when compared to treatment 0M (pH 8.1). Molasses addition resulted in lower (p<0.05) water transparency. After 42 culture days the shrimp final weight in the treatments 25M (532.0 mg) and 15M (540.0 mg) were higher (p<0.05) than 0M treatment (417.8 mg). Shrimp survival was higher in all treatments (77.9 a 90.0%), with no signifincant differences (p>0.05). Thisstudy indicates that the molasses can be used as carbon source in order to increase C:N ratio, improving the water quality and L. vannamei growth performance with no water exchange. / O presente estudo investigou o efeito da adição de melaço em diferentes relações C:N sobre a qualidade da água e desempenho de crescimento do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei, na fase berçário, em tanques de cultivo sem renovação de água. Adotou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e quatro réplicas, sendo dois com aplicação diária de melaço nas relações C:N 25:1 (25M) e 15:1 (15M), e um controle (0M), sem aplicação desta fonte de carbono. Foram utilizados 12 tanques em fibra de vidro (800 L de volume útil), estocados com 6,25 pós-larvas/L (peso médio < 0,01 g), totalizando 5000 póslarvas/ tanque. A alimentação constou de ração comercial contendo 40% de proteína bruta ofertada diariamente às 8, 11, 14 e 17h, numa taxa de alimentação variando de 50 a 15% da biomassa, do início ao final do cultivo. Temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido e pH foram aferidos diariamente, enquanto que transparência e salinidade foram aferidas semanalmente. As relações C:N 25:1 e 15:1 apresentaram níveis de pH 7,9, que foram inferiores (p<0,05) ao tratamento 0M (pH 8,1). O melaço reduziu significativamente (p<0,05) a transparência da água. Após 42 dias de cultivo, o peso final dos camarões alcançado nos tratamentos 25M (532,0 mg) e 15M (540,0 mg) foram estatisticamente superiores (p<0,05) ao tratamento 0M(417,8 mg). A sobrevivência dos camarões foi satisfatória para todos os tratamentos (77,9 a 90,0%), sem diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre os mesmos. Desta forma, o melaço pode ser utilizado como fonte de carbono para incrementar a relação C:N, melhorando a qualidade da água e o desempenho de L. vannamei sem renovação de água, na fase berçário.

Não consta resumo na publicação. / Abstract not available.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercially available natural (sugar cane molasses, white sugar and brown sugar) and artificial (Canderel™, Equal™, Natreen™, Sweetex™, Splenda™ and Swheet™) sweeteners on various physiological systems. The artificial sweeteners tested in this study may be categorised into their respective groups based on their primary ingredient. The brands Canderel™ and Equal™ contain aspartame, Natreen™ and Sweetex™ consist of saccharin and Splenda™ and Swheet™ are composed of sucralose. The inclusion of artificial or natural sweeteners in the human diet has been continually debated and their implication in the development of certain diseases has raised concern regarding their safe use. Therefore, it is necessary that these food products be subjected to a battery of tests to determine adverse effects on human health.