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The problem of driving and drinking has been examined in terms of prevention, enforcement, punishment, and education. From the sale of alcoholic beverages, it remains apparent that people will continue to drink and problems associated with that behavior will persist. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the judges in Montgomery County, Virginia, treated defendants brought to court for driving while under the influence of alcohol or driving on a license suspended due to alcohol abuse from July, 1982 through September, 1983. An analysis of the role played by the Montgomery County, Virginia, judges in the driving and drinking problem has shown that there were significant differences in the (number of continuations allowed, the type of verdict granted, and the form of punishment given. Defendants arrested for driving while under the influence of alcohol were much more likely to receive a guilty verdict (81%) than were people arrested for driving on a license suspended due to alcohol abuse (34%). These same judges were consistent in their treatment of male and female defendants in all areas except punishment where it was found that no females went to jail. Personal interviews with the judges substantiated the statistical results, but of even more significance was the accent placed on educating both the public, beginning in elementary school, and the drunk driver. Many recommendations for further research and further action were presented. / Ed. D. / incomplete_metadata

M. S.

There is a gap in existing literature in regards to the role of community in understanding the motivations of Civil War soldiers. Current historiographical studies try to apply the same motivational factors to entire states, armies, or to all Union or Confederate soldiers in general. Some historians even attempt to show that regardless of Union or Confederate, soldiers' motivations were similar due to a shared American identity. This thesis explores a community in the mountain valleys of present-day Southwest Virginia, which stayed loyal to Richmond and the Confederacy. This case study of Montgomery County illustrates that enlistment motivations varied based on a mixture of internal and external factors distinctive to a soldier's community; therefore, there cannot be a representative sample of the Confederate Army that covers all the nuances that makes each community unique. Enlistment was both a personal decision and one influenced by the environment. Montgomery County soldiers were the product of their community that included external factors such as slavery, occupation, and class, and internal ideological themes such as honor, masculinity, and patriotism, that compelled them to enlist in the Confederate Army in the first year of the war, April 1861 through April 1862. These men enlisted to protect their status quo when it was convenient for them to leave their home and occupation, and if they had fewer family obligations. / Master of Arts

The prospect of using U.S.G.S. Digital Elevation Models (DEM's) to locate sinkholes has been investigated. Three quadrangle maps, those of Blacksburg, Ironto and Newport, were selected as these areas are dotted with sinkholes. An algorithm was developed to extract sinkholes from DEM's. Sinkholes were also digitized from the topographic maps to check the accuracy of those extracted by the program from DEM's. This was done by overlaying pits extracted from DEM's with digitized sinkholes. Discriminant Analysis was run to compare the characteristics of sinkholes identified by the program from those that were not. It was found that few sinkholes could be located using the available integer elevation data of 30m resolution. Noise in the data, even after running a filter, precluded satisfactory results. It was concluded that elevation data of finer resolution and in real format should be used for this analysis. / Master of Science

M. S.

Nowadays, we use embedded electronic devices in almost every aspect of our daily lives. They represent our electronic identity; they store private information; they monitor health status; they do confidential communications, and so on. All these applications rely on cryptography and, therefore, present us a research objective: how to implement cryptography on embedded systems in a trustworthy and efficient manner. Implementing embedded cryptography faces two challenges - constrained resources and physical attacks. Due to low cost constraints and power budget constraints, embedded devices are not able to use high-end processors. They cannot run at extremely high frequencies either. Since most embedded devices are portable and deployed in the field, attackers are able to get physical access and to mount attacks as they want. For example, the power dissipation, electromagnetic radiation, and execution time of embedded cryptography enable Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs), which can break cryptographic implementations in a very short time with a quite low cost. In this dissertation, we propose solutions to efficient implementation of SCA-resistant and high-performance cryptographic software on embedded systems. These solutions make use of two state-of-the-art architectures of embedded processors: instruction set extensions and multi-core architectures. We show that, with proper processor micro-architecture design and suitable software programming, we are able to deliver SCA-resistant software which performs well in security, performance, and cost. In comparison, related solutions have either high hardware cost or poor performance or low attack resistance. Therefore, our solutions are more practical and see a promising future in commercial products. Another contribution of our research is the proper partitioning of the Montgomery multiplication over multi-core processors. Our solution is scalable over multiple cores, achieving almost linear speedup with a high tolerance to inter-core communication delays. We expect our contributions to serve as solid building blocks that support secure and high-performance embedded systems. / Ph. D.

In recent years, particularly during the past decade, there has been a definite and an ever increasing movement of industry and commerce from the northeastern part of the United States into the South. This ever increasing shift of industry and commerce into the southern states has been and still is the result of a number of factors. High tax rates imposed by all levels of government in the North, the high cost of labor, scarcity of favorable industrial sites, and frequent union troubles are but a few of the undesirable conditions that harass industry and commerce in the North. By contrast, the South offers industrial and commercial firms many excellent sites with relatively low tax rates, and, in many cases, prospective industries are offered special tax concessions by local governments to induce them to locate a particular area. In addition, labor costs in the South are lower than in the crowded northeastern states. Many portions of the southeastern United States have a relative abundance of water which is essential to most industrial and many commercial firms. With some exceptions, unions in the South have not developed to the point where they cause frequent and expensive strikes as is the case in the North. For these as well as other reasons, many industrial and commercial firms presently located in the North are seeking new locations and are building in communities throughout the southern part of the country. In connection with this movement of industry into the South, this writer is of the opinion that the area involved in this study, i.e. Montgomery County and Radford, Virginia, has not only developed as a partial result of this relocation process, but will benefit to an even greater extent in the future. This writer believes that the current study is timely in that it brings into focus the rate and nature of commercial and industrial development of the area during the past twenty-five years which, in turn, presents a clear and useful grasp of trends for future years. Secondly, the study serves as a valid indicator of the potential facilities which the area can offer as well as limitations which would have to be considered by interested firms. / Master of Science

This study was threefold: first, to determine the facies relationships of the limestones between the top of the Knox group and the base of the Liberty Hall shale; second, to study the faunas of the limestones; and third, to determine the relief of the erosion surface developed on the surface of the Knox group prior to the deposition of the overlying sediments. Study of the area in the North Fork of the Roanoke River was begun in the fall of 1950 and the work was continued in the summer of 1951. The lithologic divisions of the Middle Ordovician limestones was mapped. The 15-minute Blacksburg quadrangle was used es a base map with a modified scale of approximately 1:30,000. Sections were measured with a Brunton compass and a steel tape at several localities, and faunas were collected from several stratigraphic horizons. The facies relationships of the limestones were determined by detailed mapping, measurement and comparison of sections, and by tracing key beds. The thickness of the middle Ordovician limestones was determined by measuring in the direction of dip. Minor warps and possible collapse in places complicated the measurement, The variation of the strike and dip is probably related to the structural position of the beds in the Paris-Catawba Mountain syncline. Faunas were collected from the Middle Ordovician limestones. The lowest of these faunas came from a ledge about 10 feet above the Knox group, whereas the youngest of the faunas came from a horizon about 40 feet below the base of the Botetourt limestone. Species of these faunas have been identified and correlated with faunas from other Middle Ordovician limestones elsewhere. The following conclusions seem to be warranted by evidence presented in this paper: 1. The relief on the Knox group is about 225 feet in the area discussed in this report. 2. The limestone units discussed mw be correlated in the following way: a. The Ellett siltstone member of the New Market limestone is equivalent to the red shales reported in the Blackford formation in Tazewell County. However, the Blackford there included overlying impure limestones and dolomites that overlie the Ellett in the Valley of the North Fork of the Roanoke River. b. The impure magnesian limestones that overlie the Ellett are a lithofacies of the New Market limestone. c. The entire New Market limestone of the Valley of the North Fork of the Roanoke River is the equivalent of the New Market limestone of the Shenandoah Valley area in northern Virginia. d. The Whistle Greek limestone of the Valley of the North Fork of the Roanoke River is the equivalent of the Whistle week limestone of the areas in northern Virginia and Maryland. Fossils indicate a correlation with the New York Chazy. e. The beds herein called "Lincolnshire limestone" occupy the same position ae the Lincolnshire limestone of the northern areas of Virginia. f. The Botetourt limestone occupies the same stratigraphic position in the Valley of the North Fork of the Roanoke River as the unit named Botetourt by Cooper and Cooper in the Shenandoah Valley area. / Master of Science