Thesis--Amsterdam. / Summary in French. Includes bibliographical references (p. [128]-129).

Thesis--Columbia University. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [206]-211) and index.

No description available.

L'évolution du statut personnel de la femme au Maroc a connu ces dernières années une évolution importante, en effet, en 2004 un code de la famille a été adopté et remplace l'ancienne moudawana. Des innovations substantielles ont été adoptées consacrant le principe d'équité entre l'homme et la femme. Ainsi, l'âge du mariage a été fixé à 18 ans pour les deux sexes, la règle de l'obéissance de l'épouse à son mari est abandonnée, l'abandon de la tutelle, en effet, dans les nouveaux textes, la femme n'a plus besoin de tuteur (wali) pour se marier, la polygamie, a également été rendu quasiment impossible, placée sous un strict contrôle judiciaire pour des situations exceptionnelles, elle implique l'accord de la première épouse. Le divorce est un droit reconnu aux deux époux sous le contrôle judiciaire. Le nouveau code de la famille est venu rétablir l'équilibre au sein de la famille. Cette réforme du droit de la famille au Maroc a été élaborée sous l'impulsion du Roi Mohamed VI avec le souci de se conformer aux traités internationaux signés par le Maroc, dans le respect des traditions culturelles marocaines fondées sur le droit musulman. Néanmoins, le Maroc n'est pas le seul Pays à avoir réformé son droit de la famille, l'Algérie (en 2005) et l'Egypte (en 2000) ont également procédé à la réforme de leur droit de la famille mais dans une moindre mesure que le Maroc. C'est pourquoi, l'étude du statut personnel marocain sera abordé en premier lieu parce qu'il constitue l'exemple même d'une législation qui a incorporé des règles de la doctrine traditionnelle dans une enveloppe moderne / The evolution of the personal status of the woman in Morocco knew these last years an important evolution, indeed, in 2004 a code of the family was adopted and replaces the moudawana old. Substantial innovations were adopted dedicating the principle of equity between the man and the woman. So, the age of the marriage was fixed to 18 years for both sexes, the rule of the obedience of the wife to her husband is abandoned, the abandonment of the guardianship, indeed, in the new texts, the woman needs no more guardian ( wali ) to get married, the polygamy, was made also almost impossible, placed under a strict judicial review for exceptional situations, she implies(involves) the agreement of the first wife. The divorce is a law recognized by both spouses under the judicial review For exceptional situations, she implies the agreement of the first wife. The divorce is a law recognized by both spouses under the judicial review. The new code of the family came to restore the balance with in the family. This reform of the right of the family for Morocco was elaborated at the instigation of King Mohamed VI with the concern(marigold) to conform to the international treaties signed by Morocco, in the respect for the Moroccan cultural traditions based(established) on the right Muslim. Nevertheless, Morocco is not the only Country to have reformed its law of the family, Algeria (in 2005) and Egypt (in 2000) also proceeded to the reform of their law of the family but to a lesser extent that Morocco. That is why, the study of the Moroccan personal status will be approached first of all because he constitutes the example of a legislation which incorporated rules of the traditional doctrine into a modern envelope

No description available.

Freshwater scarcity is an issue with multiple origins, currently affecting a major part of theearths' population. Rapid urbanization, intensive agriculture, people growth and overconsumption leads to stress on freshwater resources; a concern that is expected to increase inthe future due to the impacts of climate change. One of the most acknowledged technologiesto cope with increasing freshwater scarcity in coastal areas is seawater desalination, andcurrently a large-scale desalination project is carried out in Morocco. The project aims toprovide millions of people with drinking water simultaneously as supporting the importantagriculture with irrigation water. In the Souss-Massa region, where the desalination plant isbeing built, water access is closely linked to the economy through agriculture and tourism, aswell as wellbeing for individuals and nature. UN describes the need for effective planning tomeet climate-related and humanitarian threats as urgent and has agreed on the currentSustainable Development Goals in Agenda 2030. This thesis provides a mapping ofinterlinkages between the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Moroccan desalinationproject. It is aimed to support and facilitate decision making on planning level in order toreach the Sustainable Development Goals. Here evidence in literature is used to identifysynergies and trade-offs between desalination and fulfilment of the SDG targets in the region.In total 46 synergies and 17 trade-offs were identified, and the synergies and trade-offs arepresented in illustrations and text and table form Appendix 1. The identified interlinkages arediscussed based on the result shown in Appendix 1 and the supplementary informationprovided in section 5.1-5.3. / Brist på färskvatten har blivit ett vardagligt problem för en stor del av världens befolkning,och det är en angelägenhet som förväntas öka i framtiden med anledning av fortsatturbanisering, befolkningstillväxt, intensivt jordbruk och överkonsumtion. I framtidenförväntas klimatförändringar förvärra färskvattenbristen ytterligare, och en av åtgärderna föratt stå emot vattenbrist i torra områden är avsaltning av havsvatten. Just nu pågår ett avvärldens största projekt för avsaltning i Marocko. Projektet ämnar förse miljontals människormed dricksvatten och samtidigt tillgodose jordbruket i regionen med vatten för bevattning.Avsaltningsprojektet äger rum i regionen Souss-Massa. Där är vattentillgångarna närakopplat till den regionala ekonomin genom jordbruk och turism, likväl som det ennödvändighet för människor och natur. FN, ihop med många andra aktörer, beskriver behovetför effektiv planering för att möta klimatrelaterade och humanitära hot som "brådskande". Dehar även tagit fram de globala hållbarhetsmålen i Agenda 2030. Denna rapport innehåller enkartläggning av kopplingar mellan avsaltningsprojektet i Marocko och FN:s hållbarhetsmål.Syftet är att identifiera och kartlägga synergier och kompromisser mellan projektets införandeoch hållbarhetsmålen. Detta för att förenkla interdisciplinär planering för att effektivt nåmålen i Agenda 2030. Totalt är 46 synergier och 17 kompromisser identifierade, utspritt överolika målområden. Synergierna och kompromisserna är presenterade i illustrationer, text ochtabellform och diskuteras baserat på resultatet i Appendix 1 samt kompletterande informationfrån rapporten.

Middle East and North African (MENA) nations, including Morocco, are witnessing the largest cohort of young people in their history, which today makes up roughly one-third of their total populations. Influenced by the democracy uprisings in 2011, state, media, and international organization discourses on youth in the Middle East and North Africa have solidified in two directions. One perspective presents the group as a threat to the security and fabric of their nations, potential purveyors of delinquency and extremism, in states of "waithood." The other view, a variant of which is explored here, considers the cohort as a group that constitutes an untapped potential and hope for addressing the ills and flaws of their societies. This accounting depicts Moroccan and MENA youth as passive victims of circumstances while also assuming their abilities to address their life circumstances without considering the complex contexts they confront. While those structural realities are surely real and sometimes paralyzing, youth can and do deploy several tactics, strategies and subversive accommodation to address the conditions they confront. That is, they continuously navigate liminal spaces created as they seek to move from "where they are" to "where they wish to be." This dissertation explores how a sample of young men and women from underprivileged neighborhoods in Morocco exercised their agency in their everyday lives. Addressing their family, education and work, this study draws on the findings from 30 semi- structured interviews focusing on the challenges and agential potentials of young individuals from underprivileged neighborhoods in Casablanca, Morocco, as they described their everyday paths to coming of age in their society. To contextualize their journeys, I present how young people have historically demonstrated individual and collective agency in ways that helped shape Moroccan modern history. I then employ the concepts of bounded agency, liminal space, tactics, strategies and subversive accommodation to demonstrate how young individuals navigated their everyday lives within their families, as well as educational and work trajectories. I argue that young people are not simply passive; they indeed exercise strategies and tactics to navigate and negotiate their daily lives. However, they do so in bounded or limited conditions as they address colonial legacies of social inequality compounded by demographic realities and neoliberal policies that have deepened those conditions. This study challenges mainstream conceptions of youth agency as empowerment, resistance and freedom and instead suggests that the agency of youth as well as their everyday aspirations and struggles need to be contextualized based on the social and material conditions in which they live. Their agency is real, but so too are the structurally difficult and limiting social, political and economic conditions they confront. / Doctor of Philosophy / Middle East and North African (MENA) nations, including Morocco, now have the largest cohort of young people in their histories, approximately one-third of their total populations. State, media, and international organization discourses addressing youth in the Middle East and North Africa have tended to adopt one of two storylines concerning the region's youth; one that views this population as a threat to the security and fabric of the nations, potential delinquents and extremists, and existing in states of "waithood." The other perspective tends to view young people as constituting untapped potential to address long-standing societal challenges. This accounting depicts Moroccan and MENA youth as passive victims of circumstances and assumes their capacity to address their life circumstances without considering the complex situations they confront. While those structural realities surely can act as obstacles or barriers, young people can and do deploy a range of practices to address the conditions they confront. Indeed, they continuously make choices as they seek to move from "where they are" to "where they want to be." This dissertation explores how a sample of 30 young men and women from underprivileged neighborhoods in Casablanca, Morocco exercised their ability to act in their everyday lives. Addressing their family, education, and work spaces, and drawing on the findings of individual semi-structured interviews with those in the sample, it describes their paths to coming of age in their society. To contextualize the life journeys of those interviewed, the analysis also examines how young people have historically demonstrated individual and collective agency in ways that have helped to shape Moroccan modern history. Overall, this study suggests that young Moroccans are not simply passive or in states of waiting; they indeed exercise strategies and tactics to navigate and negotiate the opportunity structures they encounter in their daily lives. However, they do so in limiting conditions that bound the possibilities they may reasonably explore as they address the continuing influence of colonial legacies of social inequality joined by demographic realities and the ongoing, and largely negative, impacts of neoliberal policies.

The status of five American air bases in Morocco has been in dispute since Morocco gained independence from France in 1956. The United States negotiated with France and secured permission to build the air bases in Morocco in 1950. Morocco, at that time a protectorate of France, was not consulted in the negotiations. The status of the air bases constituted the major subject of Moroccan-American diplomacy in the three years since Morocco has been independent and in control of her own internal and external affairs.

In 1982, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) led structural adjustment of the Moroccan state; the culmination of prolonged war in the Western Sahara, unstable agricultural productivity and unstable debt inflation. Since then, deep political economic reorganization has transformed the institutional, practical and physical articulation of urban management in the state. This study situates managerial shifts within an urban globalization context, with specific reference to Tangier. While Tangier?s urban development parallels many studies from the developing and less-developed world, its place-specific formation diverges because globalizing urban management is undertaken within the context of historically and geographically specific socio-economic development initiatives and constraints. My work provides a conceptual overview of globalizing management since Moroccan independence in 1956. Then, a spatially sensitive political economic lens is employed to analyze new urban managerial transformations emerging since 1983 adjustments. Finally, I take an in-depth case study of Tangier City Center project to question how Tangier?s current globalization effectively responds to both state and local urban social and economic development.

Thèse : Lettres : Paris 1 : 1983. / Bibliogr. p. 501-551. Index p. 551-590.