Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-08T12:51:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Maria Carolina de Abreu 1.pdf: 9972417 bytes, checksum: e9add48ae3b4be0128892bfa910252f6 (MD5) Maria Carolina de Abreu 2.pdf: 9673154 bytes, checksum: fa7a39f4887913c5bc4e45d459e547a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-08T12:51:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Maria Carolina de Abreu 1.pdf: 9972417 bytes, checksum: e9add48ae3b4be0128892bfa910252f6 (MD5) Maria Carolina de Abreu 2.pdf: 9673154 bytes, checksum: fa7a39f4887913c5bc4e45d459e547a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The family Oxalidaceae R. Br comprises about 600 species in five genera. Noteworthy is the genus Oxalis L. as the most representative family with 500 species of tropical and subtropical distribution. This genus includes the most recent classification with four subgenera and 29 sections. Among the sections stands O. sect. Thamnoxys with 27 species of which eight are endemic to Brazil. Our objectives are to point out the relationships among the species of O. sect. Thamnoxys through the study of morphological phylogenetics, answering questions about the differentiation of species of this section occurring in Brazil and assess the character of the seed coat ornamentation in the delimitation of infrageneric and specific taxa. The study of phylogenetic relationships were based on 72 morphological characters and conducted by PAUP version 4.0b10, using the method of maximum parsimony. The analysis founded 53 equally parsimonious trees with 250 steps. The consensus tree showed CI = 0.32, RI = 0.4637 and RC = 0.1484. Oxalis sect. Thamnoxys proved to be paraphyletic by the inclusion of O. densifolia (O. sect. Foliosae) and subclade formed by O. cordata and O. hirsutissima (O. sect. Robustão), O. rhombovata (sect. Polymorphae), O. mandioccana (O. sect. Holophyllum), O. psoraleoides (O. sect. Psoraleoideae) and O. fruticosa (O. sect. Phyllodoxys) in its constituency and the subgenus Thamnoxys presented monophyletic. The species of the section Thamnoxys formed some subclades Foliosae section and was more closely related to section Thamnoxys. The taxonomic studies were based on approximately 2000 derived from herbarium specimens and herbarium collections themselves. In Brazil there are 18 species of Oxalis sect. Thamnoxys, differentiated mainly by vegetative characters related to the presence of xylopodium, shape, number and distribution of leaflets and indumentum reproductive character and coloration of the corolla. It was proposed to sinonimization four varieties and one form. The study of the microstructure of the seed coat was performed by scanning electron microscopy (MEV). The seed coat sculpture presented in five different categories: foveolar, sidetransverse, longitudinal-side, split-back and split longitudinally, which in part reflect the infrageneric classification of Oxalis. / A família Oxalidaceae R. Br. compreende cerca de 600 espécies distribuídas em cinco gêneros. Destaca-se o gênero Oxalis L. como o mais representativo da família com 500 espécies de distribuição tropical e subtropical. Este gênero engloba na classificação mais recente quatro subgêneros e 29 seções. Entre as seções ressalta-se O. sect. Thamnoxys com 27 espécies das quais oito são endêmicas do Brasil. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: apontar as relações existentes entre as espécies de O. sect Thamnoxys através do estudo de filogenia morfológica, promover uma melhor diferenciação das espécies desta seção ocorrentes no Brasil e ainda avaliar o caráter ornamentação da testa da semente na delimitação de táxons infragenéricos e específicos. O estudo das relações filogenéticas foi baseado em 72 caracteres morfológicos e conduzidas através do PAUP version 4.0b10, pelo método de máxima parcimônia. A análise resultou em 53 árvores igualmente parcimoniosas com 250 passos. A árvore de consenso apresentou IC= 0,32, IR= 0,4637 e RC = 0,1484. Oxalis sect. Thamnoxys mostrou-se parafilética pela inclusão de O. densifolia (O. sect. Foliosae) e do subclado formado por O. cordata e O. hirsutissima (O. sect. Robustae), O. rhombeo-ovata (O. sect. Polymorphae), O. mandioccana (O. sect. Holophyllum), O. psoraleoides (O. sect. Psoraleoideae) e de O. fruticosa (O. sect. Phyllodoxys) em sua circunscrição e o subgênero Thamnoxys apresentou-se monofilético. As espécies da seção Thamnoxys formaram alguns subclados consistentes e a seção Foliosae se mostrou proximamente relacionada com a seção Thamnoxys. Os estudos taxonômicos foram baseados em aproximadamente 2000 exsicatas oriundas de herbários e coletas próprias. No Brasil ocorrem 18 espécies de Oxalis sect. Thamnoxys, diferenciadas principalmente por caracteres vegetativos relacionados à presença de xilopódio, forma, quantidade e distribuição dos folíolos e indumento e o caráter reprodutivo coloração da corola. Foram propostas as sinonimizações de quatro variedades e uma forma. O estudo da microestrutura da testa das sementes foi realizado através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A testa das sementes apresentou cinco tipos de esculturas: foveolada, costado-transversal, costado-longitudinal, fendido-costada e fendido longitudinalmente, que refletem, em parte, a classificação infragenérica de Oxalis.

Three new species of cichlid fishes of the genus Geophagus, part of the Neotropical subfamily Geophaginae, are described from the Orinoco and Casiquiare drainages in Venezuela. Phylogenetic relationships among 16 genera and 30 species of Geophaginae are investigated using 136 morphological characters combined with DNA sequences coding for the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and the nuclear Recombination Activating Gene 2 (RAG2). Data from previous studies are integrated with the new dataset by incorporating published DNA sequences from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and 16S and the microsatellite flanking regions Tmo-M27 and Tmo-4C4. Total-evidence analysis revealed that Geophaginae is monophyletic and includes eighteen genera grouped into two major clades. In the first clade, the tribe Acarichthyini (genera Acarichthys and Guianacara) is sister-group to a clade in which Gymnogeophagus, 'Geophagus' steindachneri, and Geophagus sensu stricto are sister to 'Geophagus' brasiliensis and Mikrogeophagus; all these are in turn sister-group to Biotodoma, Dicrossus and Crenicara. In the second clade, Satanoperca, Apistogramma (including Apistogrammoides), and Taeniacara are sister to Crenicichla and Biotoecus. Monophyly and significantly short branches at the base of the phylogeny indicate that genera within Geophaginae differentiated rapidly within a relatively short period. High morphological, ecological, and behavioral diversity within the subfamily suggest that geophagine divergence may be the result of adaptive radiation.

Three new species of cichlid fishes of the genus Geophagus, part of the Neotropical subfamily Geophaginae, are described from the Orinoco and Casiquiare drainages in Venezuela. Phylogenetic relationships among 16 genera and 30 species of Geophaginae are investigated using 136 morphological characters combined with DNA sequences coding for the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and the nuclear Recombination Activating Gene 2 (RAG2). Data from previous studies are integrated with the new dataset by incorporating published DNA sequences from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and 16S and the microsatellite flanking regions Tmo-M27 and Tmo-4C4. Total-evidence analysis revealed that Geophaginae is monophyletic and includes eighteen genera grouped into two major clades. In the first clade, the tribe Acarichthyini (genera Acarichthys and Guianacara) is sister-group to a clade in which Gymnogeophagus, 'Geophagus' steindachneri, and Geophagus sensu stricto are sister to 'Geophagus' brasiliensis and Mikrogeophagus; all these are in turn sister-group to Biotodoma, Dicrossus and Crenicara. In the second clade, Satanoperca, Apistogramma (including Apistogrammoides), and Taeniacara are sister to Crenicichla and Biotoecus. Monophyly and significantly short branches at the base of the phylogeny indicate that genera within Geophaginae differentiated rapidly within a relatively short period. High morphological, ecological, and behavioral diversity within the subfamily suggest that geophagine divergence may be the result of adaptive radiation.