Objetivos. Avaliar os fatores prognÃsticos para o Ãbito neonatal em gestaÃÃes com diÃstole zero ou reversa na dopplervelocimetria da artÃria umbilical MÃtodos. Estudo transversal a partir dos prontuÃrios das gestantes com diagnÃstico de diÃstole zero (DZ) ou reversa (DR) em artÃria umbilical acompanhadas no ServiÃo de Medicina Materno Fetal da Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand â Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Foram analisadas 48 pacientes com gestaÃÃo Ãnica, sem anomalias estruturais ou cromossÃmicas, apresentando idade gestacional superior a 22 semanas e menor do que 34 semanas. Para a avaliaÃÃo estatÃstica, foram empregados os testes: t Student, Exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado de Pearson e RegressÃo LogÃstica e Multinomial. Todos foram considerados estatisticamente significantes quando p<0,05. Resultados. As sÃndromes hipertensivas foram observadas na maioria (78,3 %) das gestantes. A maioria (52,1%) das gestaÃÃes foi resolvida nas primeiras 24 horas apÃs o diagnÃstico dopplervelocimÃtrico. Em uma semana, 81,3% dos casos tinham terminado em parto, preferencialmente (85,4%) pela via abdominal. Os maiores percentuais da idade gestacional no momento do diagnÃstico dopplervelocimÃtrico concentraram-se na faixa de 25 e 27 semanas. Os pesos do RN variaram entre 550g e 2600g, com mÃdia de 1021,7g. Os recÃm-nascidos foram classificados como pequenos para idade gestacional em 79,1% dos casos. Ao primeiro minuto de vida, 24 (57,1%) RN apresentaram Ãndices de Apgar menores do que 7. Ocorreram 26 Ãbitos neonatais. Do estudo estatÃstico univariado dos fatores de risco antenatais, a idade gestacional no momento do diagnÃstico dopplervelocimÃtrico revelou-se variÃvel significativamente relacionada com o Ãbito neonatal (RR; 2,1, 95% CI 1.152 â 4.008, p = 0.011). Do estudo estatÃstico univariado dos fatores de risco pÃs-natais peso do RN (RR; 2,6, 95% CI 1.329 - 5.238, p = 0.001) e Apgar ao primeiro minuto (RR; 1,9, 95% CI 1.03 â 3.588,p = 0.027) revelaram-se variÃveis significativamente relacionadas com o Ãbito neonatal, com peso do RN apresentando sensibilidade de 76,9%, especificidade de 73,6%, valor preditivo positivo de 80,0% e valor preditivo negativo de 30%, e Apgar ao primeiro minuto apresentando sensibilidade de 61,5%, especificidade de 61,1%, valor preditivo positivo de 69,5% e valor preditivo negativo de 47,6%. ConclusÃes. DiÃstole zero ou reversa estÃo relacionadas com resultados perinatais adversos, cujo risco para Ãbito neonatal està relacionado com a idade gestacional no momento do diagnÃstico dopplervelocimÃtrico e com o peso do RN e com Apgar ao primeiro minuto. / Objectives: evaluate the perinatal results in pregnancies with fetal brain sparing on the Doppler velocimetric study and identify the main prognostic factors associated with neonatal death. Methods: it is a transverse study from the charts of pregnant wowen with diagnosis of brain sparing, absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, followed at the Service of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubrind â Universidade Federal do CearÃ. There were analyzed 143 patients with single pregnancies, without structural or chromosomal anomalies, presenting gestacional age above 22 weeks and fetal weight equal or above 500 grams. ROC curve was constructed for gestacional age and weight at birth (independent variables) and neonatal death (dependent variable). The perinatal results were evaluated on the general population and on each group (brain sparing, absent and reversed end-diastolic flow), later compared with each other. For the statistical analisys it was utilized the tests: Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, t Studente, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Fisher. Chi-square, Logistical and Multinomial Regression. All were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: the majority of pregnante wowen (78.3%) presented some hypertensive disturb associated to the pregnancy. The pregnancy was resolved in the first 24 hours after Doppler velocimetric diagnosis on most cases (74.8%), being the abdominal acess utilized in 96.5% of the times. At the moment of delivers, the average gestational age was 33.6 weeks and the weight was 1684g. The newborns were classified as small for gestational age in 69.6% and needed ICU admission in 63% of the cases. The indexes of perinatal mortality for brain sparing, absent and reversed end-diastolic flow were respectively 11.1, 31.1 and 70.6%. The weight of the newborn (area bellow the ROC curve 0.934, p=0.000 and gestational age at birth (area 0.909, p=0.000) have shown to be good predictors of neonatal death. The cutoff point calculated for the weight was 1010g and for the gestational age as 32.5 weeks. The incidence of diminished amniotic fluid indez (AFI) in the pregnancies with lethal perinatal outcome was 41.2% and in those without lethality was 41.3%. Conclusions: fetuses with diagnosis of brain sparing, absent and reversed end-diastolic flow presented progressively worse and statistically different with each other prognosis. The gestational age and weight at birth showed excellent correlation with neonatal mortality. The AFI did not demonstrate association with lethality rate.

Background: Despite the recent improvements in surgical techniques and postoperative patient care, atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most frequent complication after cardiac surgery. Although postoperative AF is often regarded as a benign clinical condition, this arrhythmia has significant adverse effects on patient recovery and postoperative survival. Its exact pathophysiology has not yet been elucidated. The present thesis aims to analyze AF risk factors and their interaction, pre-existing histological explanatory alterations of the atrium, the AF impact on postoperative survival and the compliance of a prophylactic drug regimen. Methods: During a 10-year period, consecutive cardiac surgery cases with complete data on AF occurrence and postoperative survival were extracted. All patients were operated on for coronary or valvular surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Hospital and long-term survival data were obtained from Swedish population registry. Study I) Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, n=7056), aortic valve replacement (n=690) and their combination (n=688) were considered. Independent AF risk factors and AF effects on early and 1 year mortality were investigated. Study II) Patients affected by postoperative AF among isolated CABG patients (n=7621), valvular surgeries (n=995) and their combination (n=879) were studied. Long-term survival was obtained and prognostic factors identified. Study III) Seventy patients were randomized to on-pump (n=35) or off-pump (n=35) CABG. Samples from the right atrial appendage were collected and histology was evaluated by means of light and electronic microscopy with reference to preexistent alterations related to postoperative AF. Study IV) Cardiac surgery patients with complete data on smoking status (n=3245) were reviewed. Effects of smoking on AF development and interaction among variables were explored. Study V) CABG patients without clinical contraindications to receive oral sotalol (80 mg twice daily) and magnesium were prospectively enrolled (n = 49) and compared with a matched contemporary control CABG group (n = 844). The clinical compliance to the AF prophylactic drug regimen was tested. Results: The overall AF incidence was around 26%, subdivided into 23%, 40% and 45% for isolated CABG, valve procedures and their combined surgeries, respectively. Age was the strongest predictor of postoperative AF. Coronary disease superimposed risk factors with reference to myocardial conditions at CPB weaning. Considering the preoperative smoking condition, smokers demonstrated a reduced AF incidence compared to non-smokers (20% versus 27%, p&lt;0.001). An interaction between smoking status and inotropic support was observed: without this interaction smoking conferred a 46% risk reduction of AF (p=0.011). At the histological level, myocyte vacuolization and nuclear derangement represented anatomical independent AF predictors (p=0.002 and p=0.016, respectively). CPB exposure was not associated to postoperative AF nor histological changes. Although, postoperative AF increases the length of hospitalization in all patient groups, it did not affect the hospital survival. However, AF independently impaired the late survival, a phenomenon seen in the CABG group only. With reference to the tested sotalolmagnesium drug regimen, only 55% of CABG patients were compliant to the treatment, with marginal effects on AF occurrence. Conclusions: In addition to age, details at the CPB weaning period, pre-existing histopathological changes, the hyperadrenergic state and catecholamines are key mechanisms in the pathophysiology of postoperative AF. In particular, the CPB period hides valuable information for timely AF prophylactic stratifications. Further, compliance effects due to patient selection should also be considered in a prophylactic therapy model. Postoperative AF increases late mortality after isolated CABG surgery, but not after valvular procedures. Although the mechanisms are unclear, our results draw the attention to possible AF recurrence after hospital discharge, indicating a strict postoperative surveillance.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / avaliar os resultados perinatais em gestaÃÃes com centralizaÃÃo do fluxo fetal ao estudo dopplervelocimÃtrico e identificar os principais fatores prognÃsticos associados com o Ãbito neonatal. MÃtodos: estudo transversal a partir dos prontuÃrios das gestantes com diagnÃstico de centralizaÃÃo do fluxo fetal (CF), diÃstole zero (DZ) ou reversa (DR) acompanhadas no ServiÃo de Medicina Materno-Fetal da Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand â Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Foram analisadas 143 pacientes com gestaÃÃes Ãnicas, sem anomalias estruturais ou cromossÃmicas, apresentando idade gestacional superior a 22 semanas e com peso fetal igual ou acima de 500 gramas. Construiu-se curva ROC para idade gestacional e peso ao nascer (variÃveis independentes) e Ãbito neonatal (variÃvel dependente). Os resultados perinatais foram avaliados na populaÃÃo geral e em cada grupo (CF, DZ e DR), sendo posteriormente comparados entre si. Para a avaliaÃÃo estatÃstica, utilizou-se os testes: Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, t Student, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Exato de Fisher, Chi-quadrado de Pearson, RegressÃo LogÃstica e Multinomial. Todos foram considerados estatisticamente significantes quando p<0,05. Resultados: a maioria das gestantes (78,3%) apresentou algum distÃrbio hipertensivo associado à gravidez. A gestaÃÃo foi resolvida nas primeiras 24 horas apÃs o diagnÃstico dopplervelocimÃtrico na maioria dos casos (74,8%), sendo a via abdominal utilizada em 96,5% das vezes. No momento do parto, a idade gestacional mÃdia foi 33,6 semanas e o peso foi 1684g. Os recÃm-nascidos foram classificados como pequenos para idade gestacional em 69,6% e necessitaram de internamento em UTI em 63% dos casos. Os Ãndices de mortalidade perinatal para CF, DZ e DR foram, respectivamente, de 11,1, 31,1 e 70,6%. O peso do RN (Ãrea sob a curva ROC 0,934, p=0,000) e idade gestacional ao nascer (Ãrea 0,909, p=0,000) mostraram ser bons preditores de Ãbito neonatal. O ponto de corte calculado para o peso foi 1010g e para a idade gestacional foi 32,5 semanas. A incidÃncia do Ãndice de lÃquido amniÃtico (ILA) diminuÃdo nas gestaÃÃes com desfecho perinatal letal foi 41,2% e naquelas sem letalidade foi 41,3%. ConclusÃes: fetos com diagnÃstico de CF, DZ e DR apresentaram prognÃsticos progressivamente piores e estatisticamente diferentes entre si. A idade gestacional e peso ao nascer mostraram excelente correlaÃÃo com mortalidade neonatal. O ILA nÃo demonstrou associaÃÃo com taxa de letalidade. / evaluate the perinatal results in pregnancies with fetal brain sparing on the Doppler velocimetric study and identify the main prognostic factors associated with neonatal death. Methods: it is a transverse study from the charts of pregnant women with diagnosis of brain sparing, absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, followed at the Service of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand â Universidade Federal do CearÃ. There were analyzed 143 patients with single pregnancies, without structural or chromosomal anomalies, presenting gestational age above 22 weeks and fetal weight equal or above 500 grams. ROC curve was constructed for gestational age and weight at birth (independent variables) and neonatal death (dependent variable). The perinatal results were evaluated on the general population and on each group (brain sparing, absent and reversed end-diastolic flow), later compared with each other. For the statistical analisys it was utilized the tests: Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, t Student, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Fisher, Chi-square, Logistical and Multinomial Regression. All were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: the majority of pregnant women (78.3%) presented some hypertensive disturb associated to the pregnancy. The pregnancy was resolved in the first 24 hours after Doppler velocimetric diagnosis on most cases (74.8%), being the abdominal access utilized in 96.5% of the times. At the moment of delivery, the average gestational age was 33.6 weeks and the weight was 1684g. The newborns were classified as small for gestational age in 69.6% and needed ICU admission in 63% of the cases. The indexes of perinatal mortality for brain sparing, absent and reversed end-diastolic flow were respectively 11.1, 31.1 and 70.6%. The weight of the newborn (area bellow the ROC curve 0.934, p=0.000) and gestational age at birth (area 0.909, p=0.000) have shown to be good predictors of neonatal death. The cutoff point calculated for the weight was 1010g and for the gestational age was 32.5 weeks. The incidence of diminished amniotic fluid index (AFI) in the pregnancies with lethal perinatal outcome was 41.2% and in those without lethality was 41.3%. Conclusions: fetuses with diagnosis of brain sparing, absent and reversed end-diastolic flow presented progressively worse and statistically different with each other prognosis. The gestational age and weight at birth showed excellent correlation with neonatal mortality. The AFI did not demonstrate association with lethality rate.