This paper proposes to examine the concept of Faulkner's gentleman--his strengths and weaknesses, the reasons for his success or failure--in order to show Faulkner's belief that man is capable of reaching the highest in human existence if he understands and practices what the heart of the virtuous man knows.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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No description available.

In the past two decades, molecular cell biology has transitioned from a traditional descriptive science into a quantitative science that systematically measures cellular dynamics on different levels of genome, transcriptome and proteome. Along with this transition emerges the interdisciplinary field of systems biology, which aims to unravel complex interactions in biological systems through integrating experimental data into qualitative or quantitative models and computer simulations. In this dissertation, we applied various systems biology tools to investigate two important problems with respect to cellular activation dynamics and reprograming. Specifically, in the first section of the dissertation, we focused on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated priming and tolerance: a reprogramming in cytokine production in macrophages pretreated with specific doses of LPS. Though both priming and tolerance are important in the immune system's response to pathogens, the molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. We computationally investigated all network topologies and dynamics that are able to generate priming or tolerance in a generic three-node model. Accordingly, we found three basic priming mechanisms and one tolerance mechanism. Existing experimental evidence support these in silico found mechanisms. In the second part of the dissertation, we applied stochastic modeling and simulations to investigate the phenotypic transition of bacteria E.coli between normally-growing cells and persister cells (growth-arrested phenotype), and how this process can contribute to drug resistance. We built up a complex computational model capturing the molecular mechanism on both single cell level and population level. The paper also proposed a novel way to accelerate the phenotypic transition from persister cells to normally growing cell under resonance activation. The general picture of phenotypic transitions should be applicable to a broader context of biological systems, such as T cell differentiation and stem cell reprogramming. / Ph. D.

Modeling of cis-elements in the upstream regions of genes is a challenging computational problem. A set of regulatory motifs present in the promoters of a set of genes can be modeled by a biclique. Combinations of cis-elements play a vital role in ascertaining that the correct co-action of transcription factors binding to the gene promoter, results in appropriate gene expression in response to various stimuli. Geometrical and spatial constraints in transcription factor binding also impose restrictions on order and separation of cis-elements. Not all regulatory elements that coexist are biologically significant. If the set of genes in which a set of regulatory elements co-occur, are tightly correlated with respect to gene expression data over a set of treatments, the regulatory element combination can be biologically directed. The system developed in this work, XcisClique, consists of a comprehensive infrastructure for annotated genome and gene expression data for Arabidopsis thaliana. XcisClique models cis-regulatory elements as regular expressions and detects maximal bicliques of genes and motifs, called itemsets. An itemset consists of a set of genes (called a geneset) and a set of motifs (called a motifset) such that every motif in the motifset occurs in the promoter of every gene in the geneset. XcisClique differs from existing tools of the same kind in that, it offers a common platform for the integration of sequence and gene expression data. Itemsets identified by XcisClique are not only evaluated for statistical over-representation in sequence data, but are also examined with respect to the expression patterns of the corresponding geneset. Thus, the results produced are biologically directed. XcisClique is also the only tool of its kind for Arabidopsis thaliana, and can also be used for other organisms in the presence of appropriate sequence, expression, and regulatory element data. The web-interface to a subset of functionalities, source code and supplemental material are available online at http://bioinformatics.cs.vt.edu/xcisclique. / Master of Science

The problem of the investigator is the compilation of an exhaustive list of art songs other than those dealing with subjects of a romantic or religious nature.

Le cinéma populaire indien est à la fois un lieu de création de mythes filmiques puissants et un univers qui interagit avec un autre corpus, celui des mythes et des épopées classiques, plus particulièrement le Ramayana et le Mahabharata. Si ces derniers ont souvent été l’objet d’adaptations, surtout dans les premières décennies du cinéma indien, le cinéma contemporain compose des rapports complexes et singuliers vis-à-vis des héros et de leurs hauts faits. Les mythes traditionnels surgissent au détour d’un plan, à la manière d’une résurgence morale, narrative et/ou formelle, tout comme – dans un mouvement inverse – le cinéma cherche ces mêmes mythes pour consolider son imaginaire. Ce travail sur les relations entre mythe et cinéma croise le champ de la politique et de l’Histoire. Les mouvements pour l’Indépendance, la Partition, les tensions intercommunautaires s’insinuent dans le cinéma populaire. La présence des mythes dans les films peut devenir une fixation esthétique des traumatismes historico-politiques. La difficulté de représenter certains actes de violence fait qu’ils viennent parfois se positionner de manière déguisée dans les images, modifiant irrémédiablement la présence et le sens des références mythologiques. Les mythes ne disent ainsi pas tout le temps la même chose. Ces résurgences mythologiques, qui produisent des mutations et des formes hybrides entre les champs politique, historique, mythique et filmique, invitent par ailleurs à un décloisonnement dans l’analyse de la nature et des supports des images. Ainsi, des remarques sur la peinture s’invitent dans le cours de la recherche aussi naturellement que des œuvres d’art contemporain, des photographies ou l’art populaire du bazar. Un champ visuel indien, large et métissé, remet en scène constamment des combinaisons entre l’arrière-plan et l’avant-plan, entre la planéité et la profondeur de champ, entre l’ornementation d’un décor et son abandon. Le cinéma populaire, traversé par la mémoire des mythes et des formes, devient le creuset d’un renouveau esthétique. / Indian popular cinema is both a place of filmic mythical creation and a universe interacting with previous bodies of work; the classical myths and epics, and especially the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Although the latter have often been adapted, especially in the early decades of Indian cinema, contemporary cinema builds complex and attitudes towards heroes and their achievements. Traditional myths appear in a shot, in the manner of a moral, narrative and/or formal resurgence. In an opposite movement, this cinema seeks those same myths to strengthen its imagination. Working on the relations between myth and cinema, one has to cross the political and historical field, for Independence movements, Partition and inter-community tensions pervade popular cinema. Myths in movies can become an aesthetic fixation of historical-political traumas. The challenge of some representation of violent acts explain that they sometimes hide themselves in images, irreversibly altering the presence and meaning of mythological references. Therefore, myths don't always tell the same story. Those mythological resurgences, producing mutations and hybrid forms between the political, historical, mythical and film-making fields, also invite a de-compartmentalisation when we analyse the nature of the images and the mediums that welcome them. Our study naturally convenes notes on painting, as well as contemporary art, photography or bazaar popular art. A broad and mixed Indian visual field constantly recombines background and foreground, flatness and depth of field and ornemented and neglected sets. Popular cinema, moved by the memory of myths and forms, becomes the breeding ground of an aesthetic revival.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Aparecida Viana.pdf: 1898737 bytes, checksum: 702e1934655c7b6ab221e0fcf38daa7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-28 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / The study of complex networks has been widely applied to various areas of science, such as biology, philosophy, sociology, technology, physics, chemistry, among others. We directed this study of networks for not much explored area, the area of literature. We apply the theory of complex networks in networks generated from the scansion of poetic works, more specifically sonnets of Camoens and Bocage. The aim is to identify structures of significant motifs within networks and observe the scope thereof in the work in its original structure. To identify these motifs, it was necessary to develop a method of locating motifs in networks that were not based on their recurrence, but in its significance within the structure. We then decided to use a standard measure in identifying poetic syllables, syllables that represent these network nodes, indicating the most relevant within each structure analyzed network. The measure chosen is called centrality of intermediation, it tells us how important a node within a network. After the identification of all significant motifs we performed the same location of the original structures of the works. The motifs were duly highlighted with different colors, allowing to analyze the sound of them and the authors define these characteristics by identifying a specific identity of each author. We were able to observe the end of the analysis that the developed method, based on the measure of the centrality of mediation was effective, since the significant motifs have wide scope in poetic structure of the analyzed works, demonstrating how to study a complex network is not necessary know it completely, just know the significant motifs that comprise it. Regarding the sound and finding an identity for each author, this result still remains vacant. It was possible to identify the sound partially in some works, but nothing that allows, decisively, set a specific identity for a given author. / O estudo de redes complexas tem sido amplamente aplicado a diversas areas da ciencia, tais como: biologia, filosofia, sociologia, tecnologia, física, quımica, entre outras. Direcionamos esse estudo de redes para uma area nao muito explorada, a area da literatura. Aplicamos a teoria das redes complexas em redes geradas a partir da escansao de obras poeticas, mais especificamente sonetos de Camoes e Bocage. O intuito e identificar estruturas de motifs significativos dentro das redes e, observar a abrangencia dos mesmos na obra em sua estrutura original. Para identificar estes motifs, fez-se necessario desenvolver um metodo de localizacao de motifs em redes que nao fosse baseado na sua recorrencia, mas sim na sua significˆancia dentro da estrutura. Optamos entao em utilizar uma medida padrao na identificacao de sılabas poeticas, sılabas essas que representam os nos da rede, indicando quais as mais relevantes dentro de cada estrutura de rede analisada. A medida escolhida e chamada de centralidade de intermediacao, a mesma nos informa o quao importante um no ´e dentro de uma rede. Apos a identificacao de todos os motifs significativos realizamos a localizacao dos mesmos nas estruturas originais das obras. Os motifs foram devidamente destacados com cores diferentes, permitindo assim analisar a sonoridade dos mesmos e definir os autores por meio destas caracterısticas, identificando uma identidade especıfica de cada autor. Pudemos observar ao termino das analises que o metodo desenvolvido, com base na medida da centralidade de intermediacao mostrou-se eficaz, visto que os motifs significativos possuem ampla abrangencia na estrutura po´etica das obras analisadas, comprovando assim que para estudar uma rede complexa nao e necessario conhece-la inteiramente, basta conhecer os motifs significativos que compoem a mesma. Em relacao a sonoridade e busca de uma identidade para cada autor, ainda permanece vago esse resultado. Foi possıvel identificar a sonoridade de forma parcial em algumas obras, mas nada que permita, de forma decisiva, definir uma identidade especıfica para um determinado autor.

Le sujet principal de cette thèse est l'extraction de connaissances dans les bases de données (ECBD). Plus précisément, nous avons étudié deux des plus importantes tâches d'ECBD actuelles, qui sont l'extraction de motifs et la génération de règles d'association. Tout au long de notre travail, notre objectif a été de trouver des règles d'associations intéressantes selon plusieurs points de vue : dans un but de fouille efficace, pour réduire au minimum l'ensemble des règles extraites et pour trouver des unités de connaissances intelligibles (et facilement interprétables). Pour atteindre ce but, nous avons développé et adapté des algorithmes spécifiques. <br />Les contributions principales de cette thèse sont : <strong>(1)</strong> nous avons développé et adapté des algorithmes pour trouver les règles d'association minimales non-redondantes ; <strong>(2)</strong> nous avons défini une nouvelle base pour les règles d'associations appelée “règles fermées” ; <strong>(3)</strong> nous avons étudié un champ de l'ECBD important mais relativement peu étudié, à savoir l'extraction des motifs rares et des règles d'association rares ; <strong>(4)</strong> nous avons regroupé nos algorithmes et une collection d'autres algorithmes ainsi que d'autres opérations auxiliaires d'ECBD dans une boîte à outils logicielle appelée Coron.