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La mobilité joue un grand rôle à Niamey, où le besoin de déplacement des habitants croît avec l'étalement continu de la ville. Les habitants de Niamey sont de ce fait contraints de se déplacer pour des raisons professionnelles, d'achats ou des loisirs, etc. Soumise à une croissance démographique soutenue et son corollaire un étalement spatial continu Niamey est caractérisée par la concentration des services, équipements et commerces dans le centre ville et une périphérie dortoir. Cette distribution de fonction entraine une augmentation des distances entre le lieu d'habitation et les zones administratives et commerciales sises au cœur de la ville posant de sérieux problèmes de transport urbain du fait de la faiblesse de l'offre des services, la vétusté des infrastructures et le difficile accès aux moyens de transport sont des problèmes récurrents pour les populations. Parmi les catégories le moins mobiles, il y a les pauvres, femmes, les personnes âgées, etc. Les habitants des quartiers périphériques sont les plus défavorisés : ils se déplacent peu et sont donc faiblement intégrer à l'ensemble de la ville. Le tarif de la course élément fondamental du coût de déplacement influence beaucoup le choix de tel ou tel moyen de transport (taxi tête rouge, faba-faba, bus de la SOTRUNI) selon le pouvoir d'achat du client. Se déplacer dans de bonnes conditions, par nécessité ou par convenance, est pour chaque citoyen un aspect essentiel de la vie quotidienne. C'est aussi une des clés de l'urbanité et de la performance des agglomérations. La question des déplacements urbains est donc au cœur de la gestion politique des villes. / Mobility plays an important role in Niamey , where the need for movement of people increases with the continuous urban sprawl . The people of Niamey are therefore forced to move for business reasons shopping , or recreation. Subject to population growth and its corollary a continuous urban sprawl Niamey is characterized by the concentration of services, facilities and shops in the city center and a periphery dormitory. This distribution function leads to an increase of the distance between the place of residence and the administrative and commercial areas lying to the heart of the city posing serious urban transport problems due to the lack of supply of services, poor infrastructure and poor access to transport are recurring problems for people . Among the less mobile groups , there are the poor, women, elderly, etc. . The inhabitants of the suburbs are the most disadvantaged : they move little and are weakly integrated into the whole city . The rate of the fundamental race travel cost greatly influence the choice of a particular mode of transport (red taxi head - faba faba bus SOTRUNI ) according to the purchasing power of the customer. Move in the right conditions, by necessity or convenience , every citizen is an essential part of everyday life. It is also a key to the urbanity and performance areas. The issue of urban mobility is at the heart of the political management of cities.

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abstract: Few studies focus on the MOVE Organization (MOVE), let alone its presences in popular media during the years prior to the MOVE-Philadelphia Conflict (1978-1985), or pre-Conflict. To date, most information about MOVE derives from Conflict research which utilizes archival materials from the Philadelphia Special Investigation Commission (MOVE Commission) hearings. Generations of dominant representations about MOVE and its members, consequently, are mainly constructed by popular media from the MOVE Commission hearings, including video broadcasts of the proceeding. Using a Conflict documentary, I highlight concerns scholars face when heavily using archival materials from MOVE Commission hearings: (a) Archival materials from MOVE Commission hearings lack active MOVE members' voices and (b) Archival materials from MOVE Commission hearings include limited pre-Conflict information about MOVE members. Influenced by Kimberly Sanders and Judson Jeffries' (2013) work about the 1985 bombing newspaper reports' favorability, this project explores pre-Conflict popular media representations of MOVE to understand how the collective first got represented to Philadelphians and the ways which MOVE used popular media to respond to these dominant portrayals. This mix-methods project utilizes 67-piece dataset materials of various popular media texts by MOVE members and non-MOVE members. It focuses on 48 Philadelphia Tribune newspaper entries as its main text dataset, with an emphasis on the 1975 "On the MOVE" editorial column space. This investigation employs a combination of Black feminist and critical discourse analysis (CDA) methods, with Sanders and Jeffries' (2013) favorability categorizations process, to explore the racialized, gendered, and classed aspects pre-Conflict representations of MOVE. Quantitative findings suggest that MOVE got generally represented in favorable manners during the pre-Conflict years, with over 50 percent of pre-Conflict texts about MOVE portraying the collective in positive tones. Additionally, qualitative findings propose that MOVE members' authorship and presence in pre-Conflict texts within the Philadelphia Tribune functioned as a site of resistance against dominant portrayal of the collective. CDA findings propose that MOVE's racial attribute, beliefs, and culture, specifically related to self-determination, were central discussions within most pre-Conflict by MOVE members. Unlike Sanders and Jeffries (2013), this project concludes that overall pre-Conflict popular media depictions portrayed MOVE as a positive Philadelphia collective. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Justice Studies 2014

In the future autonomous vehicles are expected to navigate independently and manage complex traffic situations. This thesis is one of two theses initiated with the aim of researching which methods could be used within the field of autonomous vehicles. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how Model Predictive Control could be used in the field of autonomous vehicles. The tasks to generate a safe and economic path, to re-plan to avoid collisions with moving obstacles and to operate the vehicle have been studied. The algorithm created is set up as a hierarchical framework defined by a high and a low level planner. The objective of the high level planner is to generate the global route while the objectives of the low level planner are to operate the vehicle and to re-plan to avoid collisions. Optimal Control problems have been formulated in the high level planner for the use of path planning. Different objectives of the planning have been investigated e.g. the minimization of the traveled length between the start and the end point. Approximations of the static obstacles' forbidden areas have been made with circles. A Quadratic Programming framework has been set up in the low level planner to operate the vehicle to follow the high level pre-computed path and to locally re-plan the route to avoid collisions with moving obstacles. Four different strategies of collision avoidance have been implemented and investigated in a simulation environment.

4 mal im Jahr erscheinende Zeitschrift über aktuelle Themen der TU Chemnitz

Refugee crisis of 2015 has strained European asylum system, and EU member states responded by closing the borders, leaving many refugees stranded in Serbia. Preventing refugees from accessing the territory of EU has led to breeching of the international protection mechanisms and victimization of refugees. Previous research on victimization of refugees is broad but it does not explore victimization on the move. The present study thus fills a research gap and by using descriptive statistics it strives to set foundation for further research. Aim of the study is to explore the prevalence and forms of victimization against the refugee population in Serbia and to provide better understanding of the phenomenon by investigating what types of victimization and perpetrators are refugees exposed to while travelling. Quantitative method in form of descriptive statistics has been used to analyze the data collected from a sample of 153 refugees transiting through Serbia between December 2015 until December 2016. Results of the study show that the most common types of victimization are physical violence and pushbacks by police while irregularly crossing the borders. Further results show that young males are most commonly victimized, while valid results on women could not be drawn due to very low response rate. Since police violence is mostly connected to pushbacks, the great part of victimization of refugees seems to be systematic and carried out as a measure of border control. As such, refugees’ victimization is harsh breeching of humanitarian laws and international conventions. Although the research sample was small, some trends regarding the victimization of refugees on the move could be observed. The study concludes that further systematic research of the phenomenon is needed in order to prevent further victimization and improve the international protection mechanisms and support systems for one of the most vulnerable groups.

This thesis project was sponsored by Terraplay System AB. Terraplay System is a wireless online multiplayer game service provider in Europe. The purpose of this project was to provide a convenient and free latency test tool named Terraplay Test Toolkit (TTK) for game developers who utilize the Terraplay platform. Since wireless multiplayer games are latency sensitive, it’s necessary for game developers to estimate the real-time game latency before their development. TTK is based on Java Mobile Edition (J2me) technology, it can performs a real-time Round Trip Time (RTT) latency test. This project explored the application of the mobile development. Mobile development is a brand new field and becoming more and more popular. The design process and source code can be used as reference for mobile developers. Based on the Terraplay Test Toolkit, a series of experiments were conducted to test the ability of TTK. These experiments focused on end-to-end latency effects of wireless multiplayer games under different situations such as different packet size, different sending rates, high speed movement, and so on. Although TTK is not a professional test tool, it still reflects the latency variance under different conditions correctly. From these experiments, it was found that for the Terraplay enabled wireless multiplayer games, large average packet size (300 bytes) is NOT a factor with regard to the latency on the Terraplay System; the packet rate can affect the game latency. In a high speed-moving environment, game latency doesn’t obvious increase. Using HTTP can cause three times higher latency than simply using TCP. These conclusions are based on experimental results. These conclusions should guide wireless multiplayer game developers and game players. / Denna avhandling är sponsrad av Terraplay System AB. Terraplay System är en trådlös multiplayer-spelservice i Sverige. Syftet med detta projekt var att ge ett lättillgängligt och gratis testverktyg för fördröjning kallat Terraplay Test Toolkit (TTK) till spelutvecklare som använder Terraplays plattform. Eftersom trådlösa multispel är känsliga för fördröjning, är det nödvändigt för spelutvecklare att innan de börjar göra en uppskattning av denna. TTK är baserat på Java Mobile Edition-teknologi (J2me), och kan utföra ett fördröjningstest i realtid, kallat Round Trip Time (RTT). Detta projekt undersökte tillämpningen av den mobila utvecklingen. Mobil utveckling är ett helt nytt fält och blir mer och mer populärt. Designprocessen och källkoden kan användas som referenser för mobila utvecklare. Baserat på Terraplay Test Toolkit gjordes en serie experiment för att testa TTK:s förmåga. Dessa experiment fokuserade på fördröjda effekter av trådlösa multiplayerspel under olika situationer så som olika paketstorlek, olika leveranshastigheter, höghastighetsrörelser och så vidare. Även fast TTK inte är ett professionellt testverktyg, och inte kan användas för exakta fördröjningsanalyser, återger det ändå fördröjningens variationer under olika villkor. Dessa experiment visade att trådlösa multiplayerspel anpassade till Terraplay, med genomsnittlig paketstorlek (300 bite) INTE är en faktor med avseende på fördröjningen till Terraplay System; paketets hastighet kan påverka paketets fördröjning. I en miljö med hög rörelsehastighet, ökar inte påtagligt spelets fördröjning. Användandet av HTTP kan orsaka en tre gånger så lång fördröjning, jämfört med att bara använda TCP. Slutsatserna är baserade på experimentresultaten. Dessa slutsatser kan hjälpa utvecklare av trådlösa multiplayerspel[.]

Sedentary time and physical inactivity have negative impacts on health and health costs as well as an impact on workplace wellbeing. There is evidence that people are more sedentary and engage in less physical activity on work days. Additionally, sedentary behavior has been found to increase distress and negative mood. Activity trackers such as Fitbits are a useful way to collect and intervene on sedentary behavior and potentially impact other factors of workplace wellbeing in real time and promote self-monitoring. The reminder to move prompts that are now part of Fitbit models provide an innovative and simple way to intervene on workplace sedentary behavior with hourly movement prompts. This study examined the impact of an intervention on sedentary time at work with Fitbit reminders to move and what impact the intervention had on other factors of workplace wellbeing including depression, positive and negative affect, job stress, and productivity. Participants were university employees who wore a Fitbit device for three weeks and completed pre-and post-study measures. For the first week, the Fitbit displayed only the watch screen with no access to other data. This was done to establish baseline data. For the second week, the Fitbit device and Fitbit app allowed for self-monitoring by displaying the activity being tracked, including steps, distance, calories expenditure, and stairs walked. For the third week, the sedentary time reduction was implemented by activating the Fitbit application reminder to move. This caused the Fitbit to vibrate at the 50-minute mark of the hour if the participant had not moved 250 steps in that time. Results show that having the reminders to move prompt activated decreased sedentary time at work and increased steps throughout the day on work days. These changes in sedentary time significantly contributed to decreases in depression. From the start of the study to after the intervention, on average participants reported significantly less depression, negative affect, and stress and more positive affect, affect balance, social functioning, physical functioning, and productivity at work. The benefits of in the moment self-monitoring and an intervention around sedentary time with Fitbits on factors of workplace wellbeing are discussed as well as limitations, and future directions.