Dans cette thèse nous étudions le fait de localiser complètement un objet connu par vision artificielle, en utilisant une caméra monoculaire, ce qui constitue un problème majeur dans des domaines comme la robotique. Une attention particulière est ici portée sur des applications de robotique spatiale, dans le but de concevoir un système de localisation visuelle pour des opérations de rendez-vous spatial autonome. Deux composantes principales du problème sont abordées: celle de la localisation initiale de l'objet ciblé, puis celle du suivi de cet objet image par image, donnant la pose complète entre la caméra et l'objet, connaissant le modèle 3D de l'objet. Pour la détection, l'estimation de pose est basée sur une segmentation de l'objet en mouvement et sur une procédure probabiliste d'appariement et d'alignement basée contours de vues synthétiques de l'objet avec une séquence d'images initiales. Pour la phase de suivi, l'estimation de pose repose sur un algorithme de suivi basé modèle 3D, pour lequel nous proposons trois différents types de primitives visuelles, dans l'idée de décrire l'objet considéré par ses contours, sa silhouette et par un ensemble de points d'intérêts. L'intégrité du système de localisation est elle évaluée en propageant l'incertitude sur les primitives visuelles. Cette incertitude est par ailleurs utilisée au sein d'un filtre de Kalman linéaire sur les paramètres de vitesse. Des tests qualitatifs et quantitatifs ont été réalisés, sur des données synthétiques et réelles, avec notamment des conditions d'image difficiles, montrant ainsi l'efficacité et les avantages des différentes contributions proposées, et leur conformité avec un contexte de rendez vous spatial. / In this thesis, we address the issue of fully localizing a known object through computer vision, using a monocular camera, what is a central problem in robotics. A particular attention is here paid on space robotics applications, with the aims of providing a unified visual localization system for autonomous navigation purposes for space rendezvous and proximity operations. Two main challenges of the problem are tackled: initially detecting the targeted object and then tracking it frame-by-frame, providing the complete pose between the camera and the object, knowing the 3D CAD model of the object. For detection, the pose estimation process is based on the segmentation of the moving object and on an efficient probabilistic edge-based matching and alignment procedure of a set of synthetic views of the object with a sequence of initial images. For the tracking phase, pose estimation is handled through a 3D model-based tracking algorithm, for which we propose three different types of visual features, pertinently representing the object with its edges, its silhouette and with a set of interest points. The reliability of the localization process is evaluated by propagating the uncertainty from the errors of the visual features. This uncertainty besides feeds a linear Kalman filter on the camera velocity parameters. Qualitative and quantitative experiments have been performed on various synthetic and real data, with challenging imaging conditions, showing the efficiency and the benefits of the different contributions, and their compliance with space rendezvous applications.

Com os grandes avanços ocorridos na disponibilização de computadores, existe uma tendência contínua para a utilização de técnicas computacionais auxiliando no projeto de equipamentos de engenharia. Cada vez mais estão se obtendo resultados bastante próximos às condições reais, incluindo a simulação de motores de combustão interna. Neste sentido o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o escoamento turbulento no processo de admissão de ar em um motor operando em ciclo Diesel. A investigação é focada na determinação da influência do passo de tempo no cálculo do coeficiente de descarga e razão de swirl. Adicionalmente, o campo de velocidades, pressão, energia cinética turbulenta e outros parâmetros são apresentados e analisados, com o objetivo de auxiliar no entendimento da dinâmica envolvida. Essencialmente, dois modelos de turbulência são empregados, juntamente com dois tratamentos de parede. Seus resultados também são confrontados e discutidos. A geometria considerada é de um motor Fiat 1.9 L quatro tempos com duas válvulas. A análise é concentrada em um único cilindro. O pacote computacional utilizado é o Star-cd, e seu aplicativo es-ice. A independência de malha foi obtida, chegando a 1.672.056 volumes. Os resultados são apresentados de duas formas. A primeira delas refere-se a resultados de simulações em regime permanente, realizadas em boa parte por outros autores, com ênfase na determinação do coeficiente de descarga e razão de swirl, estes confrontados com valores experimentais, visando à validação da metodologia. Fica evidente a importância da escolha do modelo de turbulência na simulação de motores de combustão interna, assim como das funções de interpolação utilizadas. Na segunda parte os resultados referem-se a uma análise transiente, considerando o movimento do pistão e válvulas, a 1500 RPM. Observa-se a grande exigência quanto ao passo de tempo requerido no transiente real, ficando demonstrado que para esta velocidade o menor passo de tempo utilizado, 0,05° (5.5555E-6 s), ainda é insuficiente para alguns momentos do ciclo. É possível notar maior influência no coeficiente de descarga do que na razão de swirl, em relação aos passos de tempo utilizados. A forte dependência do modelo de turbulência nos resultados obtidos é mais uma vez confirmada, conforme o esperado, já que as hipóteses sobre a física do fenômeno são diferentes em cada modelo. Os resultados quanto ao tratamento na parede não apresentaram significantes diferenças, quando aplicados junto ao modelo de turbulência k-ω SST. / Considering the increase in the availability of computers, there is a continuing trend toward the use of computational simulation aiding in the design of engineering equipments. Reasonable results, close to the real conditions, are obtained, including the simulation of internal combustion engines. In this way, the present work has the objective of analyzing the turbulent flow in the air intake process of an engine operating in Diesel cycle. The investigation focuses on the determination of the time step in the calculation of the air discharge coefficient and swirl ratio. Additionally, the turbulent kinetic energy, pressure and velocity fields, besides other parameters, are presented and analyzed, with the objective of aiding in the understanding of the involved dynamics. Essentially, two turbulence models are employed, together with two wall treatments. Their results are also confronted and discussed. The considered geometry is a four-stroke, 1.9-L FIAT engine, with two valves. The analysis is concentrated on a single cylinder. The software package used is the Star-cd, and its application es-ice. The mesh independence is carried out, arriving in 1.672.056 volumes. The results are presented in two ways. The first one refers to simulation results of the steady state, also accomplished by other authors, with emphasis in the determination of the discharge coefficient and swirl ratio. These data are confronted with experimental values, aiming to validate the applied methodology. The importance of the choice of the turbulent model becomes evident in the simulation of internal combustion engines, as well as the interpolation functions used. In the second part the results refer to a transient analysis, considering the valves and piston movement, at 1500 rpm. It is observed the great demand on time step required is observed for the real transient, demonstrating that, for this speed, the smallest time step used, 0.05º (5.5555E-6 s), is still insufficient for some moments of the cycle. Also regarding the time step, it is possible to notice a greater influence in the discharge coefficient than in the swirl ratio. The strong dependence of the turbulence model on the results is once again confirmed, as expected, since the hypotheses about the physics of the phenomenon are different in each model. The results, regarding the wall treatment, presented no significant differences, when applied together with the SST k-ω turbulence model.

Doctor of Philosophy / Computing and Information Sciences / Scott A. DeLoach / The static nature of cyber systems gives attackers a valuable and asymmetric advantage - time. To eliminate this asymmetric advantage, a new approach, called Moving Target Defense (MTD) has emerged as a potential solution. MTD system seeks to proactively change system configurations to invalidate the knowledge learned by the attacker and force them to spend more effort locating and re-locating vulnerabilities. While it sounds promising, the approach is so new that there is no standard definition of what an MTD is, what is meant by diversification and randomization, or what metrics to define the effectiveness of such systems. Moreover, the changing nature of MTD violates two basic assumptions about the conventional attack surface notion. One is that the attack surface remains unchanged during an attack and the second is that it is always reachable. Therefore, a new attack surface definition is needed. To address these issues, I propose that a theoretical framework for MTD be defined. The framework should clarify the most basic questions such as what an MTD system is and its properties such as adaptation, diversification and randomization. The framework should reveal what is meant by gaining and losing knowledge, and what are different attack types. To reason over the interactions between attacker and MTD system, the framework should define key concepts such as attack surface, adaptation surface and engagement surface. Based on that, this framework should allow MTD system designers to decide how to use existing configuration choices and functionality diversification to increase security. It should allow them to analyze the effectiveness of adapting various combinations of different configuration aspects to thwart different types of attacks. To support analysis, the frame- work should include an analytical model that can be used by designers to determine how different parameter settings will impact system security.

abstract: A moving overlapping mesh methodology that achieves spectral accuracy in space and up to second-order accuracy in time is developed for solution of unsteady incompressible flow equations in three-dimensional domains. The targeted applications are in aerospace and mechanical engineering domains and involve problems in turbomachinery, rotary aircrafts, wind turbines and others. The methodology is built within the dual-session communication framework initially developed for stationary overlapping meshes. The methodology employs semi-implicit spectral element discretization of equations in each subdomain and explicit treatment of subdomain interfaces with spectrally-accurate spatial interpolation and high-order accurate temporal extrapolation, and requires few, if any, iterations, yet maintains the global accuracy and stability of the underlying flow solver. Mesh movement is enabled through the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation of the governing equations, which allows for prescription of arbitrary velocity values at discrete mesh points. The stationary and moving overlapping mesh methodologies are thoroughly validated using two- and three-dimensional benchmark problems in laminar and turbulent flows. The spatial and temporal global convergence, for both methods, is documented and is in agreement with the nominal order of accuracy of the underlying solver. Stationary overlapping mesh methodology was validated to assess the influence of long integration times and inflow-outflow global boundary conditions on the performance. In a turbulent benchmark of fully-developed turbulent pipe flow, the turbulent statistics are validated against the available data. Moving overlapping mesh simulations are validated on the problems of two-dimensional oscillating cylinder and a three-dimensional rotating sphere. The aerodynamic forces acting on these moving rigid bodies are determined, and all results are compared with published data. Scaling tests, with both methodologies, show near linear strong scaling, even for moderately large processor counts. The moving overlapping mesh methodology is utilized to investigate the effect of an upstream turbulent wake on a three-dimensional oscillating NACA0012 extruded airfoil. A direct numerical simulation (DNS) at Reynolds Number 44,000 is performed for steady inflow incident upon the airfoil oscillating between angle of attack 5.6 and 25 degrees with reduced frequency k=0.16. Results are contrasted with subsequent DNS of the same oscillating airfoil in a turbulent wake generated by a stationary upstream cylinder. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Aerospace Engineering 2016

abstract: Today the information technology systems have addresses, software stacks and other configuration remaining unchanged for a long period of time. This paves way for malicious attacks in the system from unknown vulnerabilities. The attacker can take advantage of this situation and plan their attacks with sufficient time. To protect our system from this threat, Moving Target Defense is required where the attack surface is dynamically changed, making it difficult to strike. In this thesis, I incorporate live migration of Docker container using CRIU (checkpoint restore) for moving target defense. There are 460K Dockerized applications, a 3100% growth over 2 years[1]. Over 4 billion containers have been pulled so far from Docker hub. Docker is supported by a large and fast growing community of contributors and users. As an example, there are 125K Docker Meetup members worldwide. As we see industry adapting to Docker rapidly, a moving target defense solution involving containers is beneficial for being robust and fast. A proof of concept implementation is included for studying performance attributes of Docker migration. The detection of attack is using a scenario involving definitions of normal events on servers. By defining system activities, and extracting syslog in centralized server, attack can be detected via extracting abnormal activates and this detection can be a trigger for the Docker migration. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2017

abstract: Web applications continue to remain as the most popular method of interaction for businesses over the Internet. With it's simplicity of use and management, they often function as the "front door" for many companies. As such, they are a critical component of the security ecosystem as vulnerabilities present in these systems could potentially allow malicious users access to sensitive business and personal data. The inherent nature of web applications enables anyone to access them anytime and anywhere, this includes any malicious actors looking to exploit vulnerabilities present in the web application. In addition, the static configurations of these web applications enables attackers the opportunity to perform reconnaissance at their leisure, increasing their success rate by allowing them time to discover information on the system. On the other hand, defenders are often at a disadvantage as they do not have the same temporal opportunity that attackers possess in order to perform counter-reconnaissance. Lastly, the unchanging nature of web applications results in undiscovered vulnerabilities to remain open for exploitation, requiring developers to adopt a reactive approach that is often delayed or to anticipate and prepare for all possible attacks which is often cost-prohibitive. Moving Target Defense (MTD) seeks to remove the attackers' advantage by reducing the information asymmetry between the attacker and defender. This research explores the concept of MTD and the various methods of applying MTD to secure Web Applications. In particular, MTD concepts are applied to web applications by implementing an automated application diversifier that aims to mitigate specific classes of web application vulnerabilities and exploits. Evaluation is done using two open source web applications to determine the effectiveness of the MTD implementation. Though developed for the chosen applications, the automation process can be customized to fit a variety of applications. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2018

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gallep_lt_me_ia.pdf: 1157277 bytes, checksum: b706aed8e8a39902338d9b0401639ea1 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com esta pesquisa a minha intenção foi a de realizar uma investigação do filme/documentário russo Anna dos 6 aos 18 e como ele expõe os momentos históricos do fim dos anos 1980 e começo dos 1990, com a queda da União Soviética e o surgimento da Perestroika. Tentei aqui apresentar uma análise de como esta obra, enquanto objeto de arte e documento histórico, se relaciona com as transformações e o discurso oficial do final da URSS. Foram analisadas as diferentes formas de articulação entre os elementos verbais e sonoros, mas com foco nos elementos estético-visuais (signos, ícones, sinais, movimentos de câmera, composições cênicas) e principalmente a montagem. O trabalho aqui aprestado é um estudo sobre o papel da montagem, do filme documentário enquanto documento histórico e do papel do diretor enquanto ―escultor do tempo‖. Para a realização deste trabalho foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais desta área, bem como pesquisa e observação de diferentes obras cinematográficas e de artes plásticas que abordam a montagem. Também realizo a minha análise sobre algumas imagens escolhidas pelo diretor Nikita Mikhalkov que contam uma visão sobre este período da história russa vivenciada por ele juntamente com o crescimento de sua filha Anna, a heroína do filme objeto do nosso estudo / With this research the intention was to investigate the russian documentary film called Anna from 6 to 18 and how he exposes historic moments in the late 1980s and beggining of 1990s among the Soviet Union fall and the emergence of Perestroyka. We try to present how this work, as art object and historic document, relates itself with the changes and the official version about the end of URSS. We analyzed the different forms of articulation between the verbal elements and sound, but with a focus on aesthetic and visual elements (signs, icons, signs, camera movements, scenic compositions) and especially the assembly. The study presented here is a study on the role of the assembly, the documentary film as a historical document and the role of director as sculptor of the time. For this study, interviews were conducted with experts in this area as well as research and observation of different films and visual arts that address the assembly. Also realize my analysis on some images chosen by director Nikita Mikhalkov who have a vision about this period of Russian history experienced by him along with the growth of his daughter Anna, the heroine of the film object of our study

Orientador: Afonso Antônio Machado / Banca: Irene Conceição Andrade Rangel / Banca: Daniel Presoto / Resumo: O esporte é um mágico mundo atraente, sendo que é fácil verificar vários ambientes de apoio, onde o atleta terá uma estrutura que o facilite ou auxilie na prática esportiva, visando uma melhora no desempenho. A reclusão esportiva em especial é nosso enfoque, esse ambiente que foge do habitat natural do atleta e que, teoricamente, serve para descanso, boa alimentação e para palestras visando o estado de mobilização máxima. Dentro do esporte escolar verificamos a existência de um campeonato, as Olimpíadas Colegiais, onde os competidores se reúnem na fase final em uma cidade, ficando em regime de concentração. Com esse pano de fundo nasce nosso estudo, com os objetivos de verificar se ocorrem alterações emocionais e, caso ocorram, quais estados emocionais dos alunos e professores são alterados no ambiente de reclusão esportiva escolar, durante a fase final das Olimpíadas Colegiais e elaborar análises sobre as situações pesquisadas, possibilitando a criação de material a ser veiculado na rede educacional, para servir de estudo e reflexão do profissional da Educação Física. Nossa pesquisa foi qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, onde coletamos dados através de observação anotada em um caderno de campo, questionários e entrevistas. Nossos participantes foram alunos e professor de uma equipe de futsal participante das Olimpíadas Colegiais, na categoria infantil, além do chefe da delegação e um árbitro. Como resultados, obtivemos alterações de estados de humor, brigas, descontentamentos, momentos de alegria, felicidade e interação. Encontramos também uma infra-estrutura precária e muitos momentos onde os atletas ficavam sem nada pra fazer. Por outro lado, existem momentos educacionalmente ricos, bem como um momento único em experiências de interação entre alunos e professores. Podemos concluir ao término desse trabalho que existe alteração... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sport is an attractive magical world, where it is easy to verify various environments of support where the athlete will have a structure that facilitates or assists in sports practice, to an improvement in performance. The prison sports in particular is our focus, this environment that runs off the natural habitat of the athlete and, theoretically, is for rest, good nutrition and to talk to the state of maximum mobilization. Within the sports school found the existence of a championship, the Olympics team, where the competitors get together in the final stage in a city, getting on a merger. With this background of our study was born, aiming to verify whether emotional changes occur and, if occurring, what emotional states of students and teachers are changed in the environment of prison sports school, during the final stage of the Olympics Colleges and prepare analysis on the situations studied, allowing the creation of material to be delivered in the educational network, to serve as a reflection of professional study and Physical Education. Our research was qualitative type of case study, which collected data through observation noted in a diary from the field, questionnaires and interviews. Our participants were students and a professor of futsal team participant of Olympics team, in the child category, and the head of the delegation and an arbitrator. As a result, we obtained changes in the mood, fights, discontent, moments of joy, happiness and interaction. We also found a poor infrastructure and many moments where the athletes were nothing to do. Moreover, there are moments educationally rich and experience a unique moment in the interaction between students and teachers. We can conclude at the end of this work that changes the emotional states of students and teachers and to address this situation teachers have to prepare and seek knowledge of the psychology... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Subject of this study was to find out differences in special locomotive abilities of junior female volleyball players (category older primary school). Observed values were compared within tested groups, statistically evaluated and presented in form of tables and graphs. We aimed to compare level locomotive performance between players of second league and best players of first junior volleyball league.Testing samples comprised of players of VSK Slávia PF České Budějovice and the junior league All-star teams. Both teams were tested with use of three special locomotive tests for strength, velocity and maneuverability. I also conducted basic anthropometric measurements of stature and flesh, from which I have computed the Body Mass Index. \\

O crescimento do uso de sistemas de posicionamento global (GPS) e outros sistemas de localização espacial tornaram possível o rastreamento de objetos móveis, produzindo um grande volume de um novo tipo de dado, chamado trajetórias de objetos móveis. Existe, entretanto, uma forte lacuna entre a quantidade de dados extraídos destes dispositivos, dotados de sistemas GPS, e a descoberta de conhecimento que se pode inferir com estes dados. Um tipo de descoberta de conhecimento em dados de trajetórias de objetos móveis é a classificação. A classificação de trajetórias é um tema de pesquisa relativamente novo, e poucos métodos tem sido propostos até o presente momento. A maioria destes métodos foi desenvolvido para uma aplicação específica. Poucos propuseram um método mais geral, aplicável a vários domínios ou conjuntos de dados. Este trabalho apresenta um novo método de classificação que transforma as trajetórias em séries temporais, de forma a obter características mais discriminativas para a classificação. Experimentos com dados reais mostraram que o método proposto é melhor do que abordagens existentes. / The growing use of global positioning systems (GPS) and other location systems made the tracking of moving objects possible, producing a large volume of a new kind of data, called trajectories of moving objects. However, there is a large gap between the amount of data generated by these devices and the knowledge that can be inferred from these data. One type of knowledge discovery in trajectories of moving objects is classification. Trajectory classification is a relatively new research subject, and a few methods have been proposed so far. Most of these methods were developed for a specific application. Only a few have proposed a general method, applicable to multiple domains or datasets. This work presents a new classification method that transforms the trajectories into time series, in order to obtain more discriminative features for classification. Experiments with real trajectory data revealed that the proposed approach is more effective than existing approaches.