The public sector often invests in large projects in different sectors, such as education, health care and infrastructure. It can be argued that investment appraisal process in these projects should differ from conventional approaches due to the complex interests the public sector holds, which often implies that several aspects need to be considered. Conventional techniques may not suffice and therefore this thesis aims to investigate the applicability of real options analysis and multi-criteria analysis in a combined approach. The study is conducted in the form of a case study at publicly owned Sundsvalls Logistikpark, where options in the form of the utilization of development areas and the non-monetary aspect reduction of carbon dioxide are included in the appraisal. The model developed compares two alternative strategies where one is based upon conventional usage of the area and the other represents the environmentally friendly alternative. The results show that including the value of flexibility in the appraisal significantly raises the initial valuation, whereas the comparison of the strategies show that the results either details which strategy is preferred, if input to both strategies are available, or where the threshold for indifference lies. It is concluded that this model is applicable in terms of its ability to capture the value of flexibility and inclusion of several aspects of the decision problem. However, it is also concluded that the numerous simplifications made may lead to unreliability in the results, and the process of obtaining accurate input may time-consuming, depending on the case. The usability of the model is high in terms of its potential, but lower in terms of the knowledge-based threshold required of the user.

Due to the current high levels of urbanisation and the lingering effects of Apartheid, South African municipalities have experienced difficulties in planning for sustainability and more specifically sustainable community development. Sustainable community development is needed in order to achieve more integrated and sustainable towns and cities with an improved urban environment and a higher quality of life. Due to this sustainable community development is of particular relevance to South Africa. Although policies and legislation exist at international, national and local level, there is a lack of suitable planning instruments to guide sustainable community development. Tlokwe Local Municipality is researched as study area to test and develop planning instruments for sustainable community development. An assessment matrix of sustainability indicators is linked to Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and applied to identify the themes and sub-themes applicable to sustainability in which intervention is required to improve the sustainability rating of the municipality. A Goal Assessment Matrix (GAM) approach is used to score and prioritise municipal projects, plans and strategies according to sustainable community development fundamentals. The top scoring projects are indicative of the achievement of sustainable community development goals and objectives. The result of the sustainability assessment is that the Tlokwe Local Municipality is considered to be relatively sustainable, performing overall better than the three spheres of government against which it was measured. Subsequent to the GAM assessment a lack of alignment between the sectoral plans was identified as well as the duplication of projects. The projects, plans and strategies of the municipality are found to not have been formulated with sustainable community development framework as a guiding goal. It is recommended that municipalities use the assessment matrix methods to determine its level of sustainability when developing respective sectoral plans (SDFs, ITPs, EMFs and IDPs). Areas in which there is a lack of sustainability are highlighted and can consequently be addressed through intervention strategies. Prioritising municipal projects, plans and strategies through the use of GAM identifies crucial projects that need special attention to ensure their successful implementation as this will largely aid sustainable community development. Both the assessment matrix method and the GAM approach are valuable planning instruments with which to achieve sustainable community development. / Thesis (MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Due to the current high levels of urbanisation and the lingering effects of Apartheid, South African municipalities have experienced difficulties in planning for sustainability and more specifically sustainable community development. Sustainable community development is needed in order to achieve more integrated and sustainable towns and cities with an improved urban environment and a higher quality of life. Due to this sustainable community development is of particular relevance to South Africa. Although policies and legislation exist at international, national and local level, there is a lack of suitable planning instruments to guide sustainable community development. Tlokwe Local Municipality is researched as study area to test and develop planning instruments for sustainable community development. An assessment matrix of sustainability indicators is linked to Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and applied to identify the themes and sub-themes applicable to sustainability in which intervention is required to improve the sustainability rating of the municipality. A Goal Assessment Matrix (GAM) approach is used to score and prioritise municipal projects, plans and strategies according to sustainable community development fundamentals. The top scoring projects are indicative of the achievement of sustainable community development goals and objectives. The result of the sustainability assessment is that the Tlokwe Local Municipality is considered to be relatively sustainable, performing overall better than the three spheres of government against which it was measured. Subsequent to the GAM assessment a lack of alignment between the sectoral plans was identified as well as the duplication of projects. The projects, plans and strategies of the municipality are found to not have been formulated with sustainable community development framework as a guiding goal. It is recommended that municipalities use the assessment matrix methods to determine its level of sustainability when developing respective sectoral plans (SDFs, ITPs, EMFs and IDPs). Areas in which there is a lack of sustainability are highlighted and can consequently be addressed through intervention strategies. Prioritising municipal projects, plans and strategies through the use of GAM identifies crucial projects that need special attention to ensure their successful implementation as this will largely aid sustainable community development. Both the assessment matrix method and the GAM approach are valuable planning instruments with which to achieve sustainable community development. / Thesis (MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

This research aims to define and develop a methodology to assist an individual traveller to select healthier and more sustainable transport routes and modes among admissible transport options and highlight the trade-offs among multiple objectives in terms of health, economic, social and environmental benefits. It aims to assist an individual traveller with multi-objectives to make more informed decisions in route and mode planning. The objectives in the case study were identified as personal energy expenditure, travel time, travel cost, CO2 emissions and energy resource consumption concerning sustainability. / This research presents procedures for estimating a range of costs and benefits for journeys; procedures for determining the optimal route for an individual’s trip in an urban area based on cost and benefit estimates and preference weights for specific objectives; procedures for undertaking sensitivity analysis for the optimal route; and uses of the cost and benefit estimation and optimal route generation procedures to conduct a case study for a realistic journey in Melbourne. / An active transport journey planner model was developed in MS Excel to allow users to set constraints for most objectives and give their corresponding weightings, respectively. The recommended transport solution (the least total disutility one) and ranking of other options along with their detailed objective-related information are derived. A case study shows that the methodology developed could be applied in selecting more informed transport solutions based on the user’s multi-objective preferences. In addition, transport options incorporating more cycling and walking have the higher probability to deliver healthier and more sustainable solution to users if social, environmental concerns were considered beyond economic issues. Meanwhile, in sensitivity analysis, the tornado diagrams and spiderplots diagrams are used for demonstrating how sensitive each transport option’s disutility is to the weightings of objectives.

A busca por marcos comparativos adequados aos processos, produtos e serviços de uma concessionária de energia elétrica têm sido difundida pela Associação Brasileira de Distribuidoras de Energia Elétrica (ABRADEE). Anualmente, esta Associação promove a avaliação dos processos de avaliação da satisfação do cliente, gestão operacional, gestão econômico-financeira e responsabilidade social. Ao exemplo do que ocorre com as empresas participantes da Fundação Nacional da Qualidade (FNQ), é disponibilizado um banco de dados das empresas participantes para realização de Benchmarking de Melhores Práticas. Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de um método para identificação do benchmark mais adequado para comparação de processos entre empresas participantes da ABRADEE utilizando um modelo de análise multicritério que possa auxiliar na escolha deste referencial comparativo. Para a elaboração deste método, buscou-se discutir na revisão bibliográfica alguns assuntos como competitividade, modelos de gestão, avaliação e indicadores de desempenho, benchmarking, assim como métodos de análise multicritério. O método proposto apresenta como diferencial do método já utilizado pela ABRADEE a possibilidade de comparação de empresas com o mesmo perfil organizacional: extensão de rede, tipo de rede de distribuição e número de empregados próprios e terceiros são exemplos. Como resultado do trabalho foi possível hierarquizar logicamente os processos de benchmarking e de análise multicritério para escolha do melhor referencial comparativo, assim como a facilitação do processo de melhores práticas através da seleção do benchmarking adequado. A sua prática deve servir como norteadora e facilitadora da gestão, imputando transparência e confiabilidade aos processos, assim como na obtenção dos resultados esperados pelos Acionistas. / The search for appropriate benchmarks to processes, products and services of an electric utility concessionary have been circulated by the Brazilian Association of Electricity Distributors (ABRADEE). Annually this Association promotes the ratings of customer satisfaction evaluation, operational management, economic-financial management and social responsibility. As an example of what happens to the companies participating in the National Quality Foundation (FNQ) a database of participating companies is available to carry out Benchmarking for Best Practices. This paper presents a proposed method to identify the most appropriate benchmark to compare cases between companies that participate in the ABRADEE using a multicriteria analysis model that can help to select this comparative reference. Due to the development of this method, we attempted to discuss in the literature review some issues such as competitiveness, governance, evaluation and performance indicators, benchmarking, as well as methods of multicriteria analysis. The proposed method is a distinct formulation of the method already used by ABRADEE, the comparison of companies with the same organizational profile: network extension, network type of distribution and number of own and third-party employees are examples. As a result of the work it was possible to logically prioritize the processes of benchmarking and multicriteria analysis to choose the best comparative reference, as well as facilitating the process of best practices by selecting the appropriate benchmark. Its practice should suit to guide and facilitate the management charging transparency and accountability procedures, as well as achieving the results expected by shareholders.

A análise de investimentos é um processo de vital importância para uma organização, pois envolve o orçamento de capital da empresa na busca de projetos que tragam rentabilidade, perpetuidade, além de ter ligação direta com os objetivos estratégicos traçados. Entretanto, este processo muitas vezes não é discutido internamente nas empresas, as quais geralmente focam somente na etapa de avaliação econômica dos projetos, não desenvolvendo o processo de uma forma sistêmica e estruturada, nem considerando outros aspectos qualitativos na decisão. Desta forma, o presente trabalho apresenta um proposta de sistemática para análise multicriterial de investimentos, discutindo particularmente as quatro grandes fases do processo de análise: identificação, avaliação, priorização e seleção e acompanhamento de projetos. Para cada fase, algumas etapas e atividades foram definidas e posteriormente validadas em uma empresa do ramo automotivo. Para auxiliar a estruturação da sistemática são utilizados métodos de avaliação econômica tradicionais como VPL, TIR e payback, além de um método de análise multicriterial, chamado NCIC, e do uso de programação linear para definição de um portfólio ótimo de investimentos. O uso em conjunto de tais métodos permitiu a elaboração de uma ferramenta chamada PAMP – Planilha para Avaliação Multicriterial de Investimentos. Durante a validação da sistemática foi definida uma equipe multifuncional para a busca e avaliação de investimentos. Esta equipe foi treinada, os fluxos de caixa dos projetos elencados foram projetados e a partir do uso da PAMP dois ranking foram desenvolvidos: primeiramente, um ranking econômico, ordenando os projetos conforme seus resultados (VPL), e em um segundo momento, um ranking multicriterial, incorporando ao VPL o valor agregado dos atributos qualitativos de cada projeto. Após, usando programação linear, foi modelado o portfólio ótimo sob o ponto de vista econômico e qualitativo, incorporando o racionamento de capital entre outras restrições. Como resultado observou-se que apesar dos atributos qualitativos serem relevantes para a tomada de decisão, o critério que mais influencia a empresa ainda é o econômico. Além disso, percebeu-se uma boa aderência da sistemática proposta no ambiente empresarial, destacando como principais benefícios (i) a estruturação de uma lista de projetos, discutindo as origens dos mesmos e suas ligações com a estratégia da empresa; (ii) capacitação dos colaboradores formando uma estrutura de apoio interna que dê suporte conceitual ao processo de análise de investimentos; (iii) estruturação lógica do processo de análise de investimentos, indicando ferramentas de simples uso e com potencial interação; e (iv) melhoria contínua do processo através da comparação projetado versus realizado e retroalimentação do sistema de análise de investimentos. / Investment analysis is a key process in organizations. It involves the capital budgeting of companies to identify projects that brings profitability, perpetuity and direct connection with strategic goals. However, this kind of process is not often internally discussed in companies, which usually focus on the economic evaluation phase only, in spite of a structured process where qualitative aspects are considered in the decision-making. This work presents a method for multi-criteria investment analysis, particularly discussing the four most important phases in the analysis: identification, evaluation, prioritization and selection and project monitoring. In each phase, steps and activities are defined and illustrated through an application in an automotive company. Traditional evaluation methods, such as NPV, IRR and payback, in addition to a multi-criteria decision-making technique, named NCIC, and linear programming are used to support the method. The use of such techniques led to the creation of an analysis tool called PAMP – Spreadsheet for Multi-criteria Investments Analysis. During the application of the method a multi-functional team was selected and trained to search and evaluate investment opportunities. The projects cash flows were specified and, through the use of PAMP, two rankings were developed: an economic ranking, ordering the results of each project (NPV), and a multi-criteria ranking, including qualitative aspects of each project. Next, linear programming was used and a project portfolio was modeled considering economic and qualitative issues, such as capital rationing and other restrictions. As a result, it was observed that despite the fact that qualitative aspects are important in the final decision, the economic aspect is still the main drive in the company. In addition, it was verified that the proposed method was adapted successfully to the company environment; its main benefits: (i) the creation of a project list, stressing its connections to the firm strategy; (ii) training of a team that gives support to the investment analysis process; (iii) creation of a logical structure for investment analysis,based on powerful yet easy to use tools; and (iv) continuous improvement of the process.

A busca por marcos comparativos adequados aos processos, produtos e serviços de uma concessionária de energia elétrica têm sido difundida pela Associação Brasileira de Distribuidoras de Energia Elétrica (ABRADEE). Anualmente, esta Associação promove a avaliação dos processos de avaliação da satisfação do cliente, gestão operacional, gestão econômico-financeira e responsabilidade social. Ao exemplo do que ocorre com as empresas participantes da Fundação Nacional da Qualidade (FNQ), é disponibilizado um banco de dados das empresas participantes para realização de Benchmarking de Melhores Práticas. Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de um método para identificação do benchmark mais adequado para comparação de processos entre empresas participantes da ABRADEE utilizando um modelo de análise multicritério que possa auxiliar na escolha deste referencial comparativo. Para a elaboração deste método, buscou-se discutir na revisão bibliográfica alguns assuntos como competitividade, modelos de gestão, avaliação e indicadores de desempenho, benchmarking, assim como métodos de análise multicritério. O método proposto apresenta como diferencial do método já utilizado pela ABRADEE a possibilidade de comparação de empresas com o mesmo perfil organizacional: extensão de rede, tipo de rede de distribuição e número de empregados próprios e terceiros são exemplos. Como resultado do trabalho foi possível hierarquizar logicamente os processos de benchmarking e de análise multicritério para escolha do melhor referencial comparativo, assim como a facilitação do processo de melhores práticas através da seleção do benchmarking adequado. A sua prática deve servir como norteadora e facilitadora da gestão, imputando transparência e confiabilidade aos processos, assim como na obtenção dos resultados esperados pelos Acionistas. / The search for appropriate benchmarks to processes, products and services of an electric utility concessionary have been circulated by the Brazilian Association of Electricity Distributors (ABRADEE). Annually this Association promotes the ratings of customer satisfaction evaluation, operational management, economic-financial management and social responsibility. As an example of what happens to the companies participating in the National Quality Foundation (FNQ) a database of participating companies is available to carry out Benchmarking for Best Practices. This paper presents a proposed method to identify the most appropriate benchmark to compare cases between companies that participate in the ABRADEE using a multicriteria analysis model that can help to select this comparative reference. Due to the development of this method, we attempted to discuss in the literature review some issues such as competitiveness, governance, evaluation and performance indicators, benchmarking, as well as methods of multicriteria analysis. The proposed method is a distinct formulation of the method already used by ABRADEE, the comparison of companies with the same organizational profile: network extension, network type of distribution and number of own and third-party employees are examples. As a result of the work it was possible to logically prioritize the processes of benchmarking and multicriteria analysis to choose the best comparative reference, as well as facilitating the process of best practices by selecting the appropriate benchmark. Its practice should suit to guide and facilitate the management charging transparency and accountability procedures, as well as achieving the results expected by shareholders.

A análise de investimentos é um processo de vital importância para uma organização, pois envolve o orçamento de capital da empresa na busca de projetos que tragam rentabilidade, perpetuidade, além de ter ligação direta com os objetivos estratégicos traçados. Entretanto, este processo muitas vezes não é discutido internamente nas empresas, as quais geralmente focam somente na etapa de avaliação econômica dos projetos, não desenvolvendo o processo de uma forma sistêmica e estruturada, nem considerando outros aspectos qualitativos na decisão. Desta forma, o presente trabalho apresenta um proposta de sistemática para análise multicriterial de investimentos, discutindo particularmente as quatro grandes fases do processo de análise: identificação, avaliação, priorização e seleção e acompanhamento de projetos. Para cada fase, algumas etapas e atividades foram definidas e posteriormente validadas em uma empresa do ramo automotivo. Para auxiliar a estruturação da sistemática são utilizados métodos de avaliação econômica tradicionais como VPL, TIR e payback, além de um método de análise multicriterial, chamado NCIC, e do uso de programação linear para definição de um portfólio ótimo de investimentos. O uso em conjunto de tais métodos permitiu a elaboração de uma ferramenta chamada PAMP – Planilha para Avaliação Multicriterial de Investimentos. Durante a validação da sistemática foi definida uma equipe multifuncional para a busca e avaliação de investimentos. Esta equipe foi treinada, os fluxos de caixa dos projetos elencados foram projetados e a partir do uso da PAMP dois ranking foram desenvolvidos: primeiramente, um ranking econômico, ordenando os projetos conforme seus resultados (VPL), e em um segundo momento, um ranking multicriterial, incorporando ao VPL o valor agregado dos atributos qualitativos de cada projeto. Após, usando programação linear, foi modelado o portfólio ótimo sob o ponto de vista econômico e qualitativo, incorporando o racionamento de capital entre outras restrições. Como resultado observou-se que apesar dos atributos qualitativos serem relevantes para a tomada de decisão, o critério que mais influencia a empresa ainda é o econômico. Além disso, percebeu-se uma boa aderência da sistemática proposta no ambiente empresarial, destacando como principais benefícios (i) a estruturação de uma lista de projetos, discutindo as origens dos mesmos e suas ligações com a estratégia da empresa; (ii) capacitação dos colaboradores formando uma estrutura de apoio interna que dê suporte conceitual ao processo de análise de investimentos; (iii) estruturação lógica do processo de análise de investimentos, indicando ferramentas de simples uso e com potencial interação; e (iv) melhoria contínua do processo através da comparação projetado versus realizado e retroalimentação do sistema de análise de investimentos. / Investment analysis is a key process in organizations. It involves the capital budgeting of companies to identify projects that brings profitability, perpetuity and direct connection with strategic goals. However, this kind of process is not often internally discussed in companies, which usually focus on the economic evaluation phase only, in spite of a structured process where qualitative aspects are considered in the decision-making. This work presents a method for multi-criteria investment analysis, particularly discussing the four most important phases in the analysis: identification, evaluation, prioritization and selection and project monitoring. In each phase, steps and activities are defined and illustrated through an application in an automotive company. Traditional evaluation methods, such as NPV, IRR and payback, in addition to a multi-criteria decision-making technique, named NCIC, and linear programming are used to support the method. The use of such techniques led to the creation of an analysis tool called PAMP – Spreadsheet for Multi-criteria Investments Analysis. During the application of the method a multi-functional team was selected and trained to search and evaluate investment opportunities. The projects cash flows were specified and, through the use of PAMP, two rankings were developed: an economic ranking, ordering the results of each project (NPV), and a multi-criteria ranking, including qualitative aspects of each project. Next, linear programming was used and a project portfolio was modeled considering economic and qualitative issues, such as capital rationing and other restrictions. As a result, it was observed that despite the fact that qualitative aspects are important in the final decision, the economic aspect is still the main drive in the company. In addition, it was verified that the proposed method was adapted successfully to the company environment; its main benefits: (i) the creation of a project list, stressing its connections to the firm strategy; (ii) training of a team that gives support to the investment analysis process; (iii) creation of a logical structure for investment analysis,based on powerful yet easy to use tools; and (iv) continuous improvement of the process.

nÃo hà / A escassez de recursos hÃdricos pode causar sÃrios conflitos de interesse devido aos seus mÃltiplos usos. A gestÃo dos recursos hÃdricos em uma bacia hidrogrÃfica à a forma mais segura de garantir esses usos mÃltiplos, por meio da adoÃÃo de instrumentos, tais como a cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua. A cobranÃa tem sido implementada de uma forma muito lenta no Brasil, mesmo tendo o respaldo na Lei n 9.433/97 e nas PolÃticas Estaduais de Recursos HÃdricos. A cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua bruta no Cearà teve inÃcio em 1996, tendo a Companhia de GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos do Cearà â COGERH, como o ÃrgÃo responsÃvel pelo seu cÃlculo e sua efetivaÃÃo. Atà a presente data nenhum trabalho foi feito com o intuito de avaliar o desempenho desse instrumento por categoria de uso nas bacias hidrogrÃficas do Estado do CearÃ. O objetivo principal deste trabalho de doutorado à propor uma metodologia, por meio da anÃlise por envoltÃria de dados, que avalie o desempenho do instrumento da cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua bruta aplicada as principais categorias de uso (indÃstria, abastecimento pÃblico e irrigaÃÃo) nas bacias hidrogrÃficas do Estado do CearÃ. O modelo proposto para a anÃlise do desempenho foi composto por seis variÃveis (sendo quatro inputs e dois outputs) e o mÃtodo usado foi o DEA-BCC, com orientaÃÃo a output, utilizando como ferramenta computacional o software DEA-Solver, professional version 7.0. Ao todo foram analisadas 33 DMUs de todas as bacias hidrogrÃficas cearenses. Dessas unidades, treze foram classificadas como eficientes e consequentemente vinte foram classificadas como ineficientes. O conjunto das 33 DMUs apresentou uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 64,80%. O setor que se mostrou com maior eficiÃncia em todo o Estado foi a indÃstria, com uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 97,97%, seguido pelo setor do abastecimento pÃblico com uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 68,17%. O setor da irrigaÃÃo foi o setor mais ineficiente de todo o Estado, com uma medida de eficiÃncia mÃdia igual a aproximadamente 28,25%. Ao todo oito DMUs da irrigaÃÃo se apresentaram com baixÃssimas eficiÃncias, medidas abaixo de 6,5%, se destacando, negativamente, a DMU24 (bacia do AcaraÃ), como sendo a unidade mais ineficiente de todo o conjunto analisado, com uma eficiÃncia relativa de aproximadamente 0,08%. Dentre os critÃrios usados para anÃlise se destacam os inputs IUO (Ãndice de usuÃrios outorgados) e IBH (Ãndice de balanÃo hÃdrico), e os outputs IFVC (Ãndice de faturamento por volume consumido) e TMF (taxa mÃdia de faturamento). Em relaÃÃo aos critÃrios propostos neste trabalho, podem-se observar usuÃrios de recursos hÃdricos que se apresentam em desacordo com as legislaÃÃes vigentes no Estado em relaÃÃo aos recursos hÃdricos, como usuÃrios faturados que nÃo possuem outorgas ou usuÃrios que apresentam consumos superiores as suas outorgas. / The scarcity of water resources can cause serious conflicts of interest due to its multiple uses. The management of water resources in a watershed is the safest way to ensure these multiple uses, through the adoption of instruments, such as charging for water use. The collection has been implemented very slowly in Brazil, even though the trust of the Law No. 9433/97 and State Policies on Water Resources. The charge for the use of raw water in Cearà began in 1996 and the Water Resources Management Company of Cearà - COGERH, as the agency responsible for its calculation and its implementation. To date no work has been done in order to evaluate the performance of this instrument by use category in the watersheds of the State of CearÃ. The main objective of this doctoral work is to propose a methodology through data envelopment analysis, to evaluate the performance of the instrument of charging for the use of raw water applied the main use categories (industrial, public supply and irrigation) in the basins river of CearÃ. The proposed performance analysis model was composed of six variables (with four inputs and two outputs) and the method used was the DEA-BCC, with the output orientation, as computational tool using the DEA-Solver, professional version 7.0 software. Altogether 33 DMUs of all Cearà basins were analyzed. These units, thirteen were classified as efficient and consequently twenty were classified as inefficient. The set of 33 DMUs showed an average efficiency of approximately 64.80%. The sector that has proved more efficiently throughout the state was the industry with an average efficiency of about 97.97%, followed by public supply sector with an average efficiency of approximately 68.17%. The irrigation sector was the most inefficient industry throughout the state, with an average efficiency measure equal to approximately 28.25%. Altogether eight DMUs irrigation presented with very low efficiencies, measures below 6.5%, highlighting negatively to DMU24 (Acaraà basin), as the most inefficient unit all analyzed together with a relative efficiency of approximately 0.08%. Among the criteria used for analysis stand out iuo index (granted users) and IBH index (water balance) inputs, and outputs IFVC (billing index volume consumed) and TMF (average billing rate). In relation to the criteria proposed in this paper, we can observe water users which are in disagreement with the laws in force in the State in relation to water resources, billed as users who do not have licenses or users who have higher intakes their grants.

This dissertation work focuses on renovation of carriage stock of PRP logistics s.r.o with the use of TOPSIS method. The work describes the main law regulations in truck transportation, law modification of its enterprising as well as theoretical basis of multicriteria analysis. It specifically deals with the description and analysis of company's carriage stock, a part of the work is also a detailed definition of particular steps taken within TOPSIS method, including calculations. This work consists of two parts -- theoretical and practical.