Tese de mestrado. Inteligência Artificial e Sistemas Inteligentes. 2006. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto

Estágio realizado na Universidade de Aveiro e orientado pelo Prof. Doutor Jose Nuno Panelas Nunes Lau / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2008

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Tese de mestrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores (Área de especialização em Informática Industrial). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 1998

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores na Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, sob a orientação do Prof. Doutor Eugénio da Costa Oliveira

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Informática. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2005

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. 2006. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto

Dans cette recherche doctorale, une enquête approfondie et une revue de la littérature concernant la collaboration de la chaîne d'approvisionnement ont été menées. Plusieurs paradigmes et stratégies émergents de collaboration dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement ont été identifiés, ce qui a fourni une base théorique et une direction de recherche pour mes recherches ultérieures. En conséquence, trois modèles innovants de chaîne d'approvisionnement avec des stratégies d'optimisation correspondantes ont été développés: (1) un nouveau mécanisme de partage des ressources pour optimiser la fabrication des vêtements dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement textile; (2) un système central de traitement des commandes pour l'optimisation de la chaîne d'approvisionnement textile axée sur la demande, et (3) une plate-forme collaborative de services cloud pour l'optimisation de la chaîne d'approvisionnement textile da la fabrication à la commande. Stratégies de collaboration identifiées pour la chaîne d'approvisionnement, à savoir, le partage des ressources, le partage de l'information, la prise de décision conjointe, le partage des bénéfices, ont été utilisés pour développer les trois modèles de collaboration. Des heuristiques d'optimisation ont également été conçues pour différents objectifs dans trois modèles respectivement. Les trois stratégies collaboratives de la chaîne d'approvisionnement proposées ont été réalisées dans trois modèles de simulation en utilisant la technologie de simulation à événements discrets ou la technologie de simulation multi-agents. Plusieurs expériences ont été menées pour démontrer les avantages d'une telle structure collaborative dans différentes conditions. / In this PhD research, a thorough investigation and literature review regarding supply chain collaboration was conducted. Several emerging supply chain collaboration paradigms and strategies were identified, which provided a theoretical foundation and research direction for my subsequent research. Consequently, three innovative supply chain models with corresponding optimization strategies were developed: (1) a novel resource sharing mechanism for optimizing garment manufacturing echelon in textile supply chain, (2) a central order processing system for optimizing demand-driven textile supply chain, and (3) a collaborative cloud service platform for optimizing make-to-order textile supply chain. Identified supply chain collaboration strategies, viz. resource sharing, information sharing, joint decision-making, profit sharing, were employed for developing the three collaborative models. Optimization heuristics were also designed for different objectives in three models respectively. The three proposed supply chain collaboration strategies were realized in three simulation models by employing discrete-event simulation technology or multi-agent simulation technology. Several experiments were conducted to demonstrate the advantages of such collaborative structure under different conditions.

Cette thèse est dédiée à la pré-calibration des nouveaux systèmes d’aides à la conduite (ADAS). Le développement de ces systèmes est devenu aujourd’hui un axe de recherche stratégique pour les constructeurs automobiles dans le but de proposer des véhicules plus sûrs et moins énergivores. Cette thèse contribue à une vision méthodologique multi-critère, multi-modèle et multi-scénario. Elle en propose une instanciation particulière pour la pré-calibration spécifique au Lane Centering Assistance (LCA). Elle s’appuie sur des modèles dynamiques de complexité juste nécessaire du véhicule et de son environnement pour, dans le cadre du formalisme H2/H∞, formaliser et arbitrer les compromis entre performance de suivi de voie, confort des passagers et robustesse. Les critères élaborés sont définis de manière à être d’interprétation aisée, car directement liés à la physique, et facilement calculables. Ils s’appuient sur des modèles de perturbations exogènes (e.g. courbure de la route ou rafale de vent) et de véhicules multiples mais représentatifs, de manière à réduire autant que possible le pessimisme tout en embrassant l’ensemble des situations réalistes. Des simulations et des essais sur véhicules démontrent l’intérêt de l’approche. / This thesis deals with the tuning of the new Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS). The development of these systems has become nowadays a strategic line of research for the automotive industry towards the conception of safer and fuel-efficient vehicles.This thesis contributes to a multi-criterion, multi-modeland multi-scenario methodological vision of the tuning process. It is presented through a specific application of the tuning of the Lane Centering Assistance (LCA). It relies on vehicle and environment’s dynamical models of adequate complexity in the aim of formalizing and managing, in a H2/H∞ framework, the trade-off between performance, comfort and robustness. The formulated criteria are easy to compute and defined in a way to be understandable, closely linked to practical specifications. The whole methodology is driven by the research of a pertinent trade-off between realism (being as closest as possible to reality) and complexity (quick evaluation of the criterion). The efficiency and the robustness of the approach is demonstrated through high-fidelity simulations and numerous tests on real vehicles.

Multi-skilling, an organisational strategy aimed at increasing the skill repertoire of the worker with the intent of facilitating the role and task flexibility among organisational members, is investigated.A literature review on the subject identified a number of factors contributing towards the development of a multi-skilled workforce. These ranged from the abolition of demarcation restrictions between jobs and skill-based pay systems, to the modification of the supervisory role. However, the literature fails to consider the role of technology in such developments. It was suggested that this was central to the development of skills.A framework was proposed that hypothesized a relationship between technological uncertainty the extent to which task activities are varied and difficult and skill requirements. It was further hypothesized that technology influences the structuring of activities within organisational subsystems. It was suggested that these would act either to facilitate or inhibit multi-skilling development.The structuring of activities within a unit consist of specialisation (the number of different tasks assigned to the unit); standardisation (the degree to which policies, rules, and procedures are formalised and used to guide action); interchangeability (the extent to which A can perform Bs job at short notice, and vice versa); locus of authority (the source of decision-making authority within the unit, for example, the supervisor rather than the worker); and skill heterogeneity (the variability in skill composition among unit members).A preliminary evaluation of the framework was carried out in an organisation engaged in the processing of mineral ore, with a largely semi-skilled workforce (N=165), where a multi-skilling programme was in progress.Evidence was presented that suggested a relationship between the level of technological uncertainty and ++ / skill development. However, the results failed to confirm the pervasive influence of technology with regard to the structuring of activities within subsystems. Instead, technological uncertainty was significantly related to the design of jobs, and specifically to the degree of the standardisation of jobs of organisational members. Also, contrary to the anticipated direction, there was an association between perceived standardisation of activities within subsystems and job satisfaction.