Mother tongue in preschool    This study seeks to create an understanding of how preschool educators can participate in promoting and encouraging children's mother tongue in their activities to strengthen the children's identity. It explores the ways in which educators actively promote the children's mother tongue in their work approach and how they perceive the importance of cooperation between preschool and home regarding the children's mother tongue. The study investigates using the case study method, specifically conducted through qualitative interviews and observations. Survey sampled was of two preschools where two educators of varying job positions and length of work experience which have been interviewed and observed. The study analyzes from a sociocultural perspective, which takes into account how learning takes place through interactions among individuals and the social and cultural factors surrounding them.  Based on the reported results of the interviews and observations, it appears that the educators are positively related to mother tongue in preschool and use mother tongue support in the activities in a deliberate way to promote the child's identity. There were spontaneous situations in which mother tongue was included in the activity, and there were situations where the educators deliberately used mother tongue to clarify concepts that the children do not understand in swedish. In instances where the identity expresses characteristics of children's mother tongue, the educators sees that these register on the child's posture and facial expressions. The educators note that children feel a sense of accomplishment and ownership when they claim competence to express “my language”, indicating self-awareness of their individuality and unique language. The educators use conversations and planned singing and reading lessons in different mother tongue as part of the daily activities and tools such as digital learning tablets, the computer and the smart board facilitate mother tongue support in preschool activities. Educators believe that, through the various available tools in preschool, cooperation with parents, and the educators’ multilingual abilities are contributory factors of great importance, that support mother tongue development and encourages a multilingual environment in preschool.

1 ABSTRACT The present work deals with the development of speech child educated in a multilingual environment, resp. with children bilingualism and any difficulties that may accompany this development. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the action of multiple languages in the acquisition of speech and the possibility of child therapy of multi-lingual children. The theoretical basis is based on the analysis of scientific literature on the topic. Includes basic terms, follows the development of the child's speech in connection with multilingual environment, the type and manner learning another language. It deals with the problems of these children in speech, specifics and possible redress procedures in the context of logopedic intervention. The practical part consists of qualitative research in the form of case studies, using the method of interview, observation and analysis of results of operations. KEYWORDS multilingual environment, logopedic intervention, bilingual, multilingual, development of speech

This diploma thesis have special pedagogical character and it focuses on language development of children from multilingual environment. The reason for this focus is their increasing number. However, there are still relatively few publications on this topic in the Czech Republic because more emphasis is placed on bilingualism. In the theoretical part, is trying to cover the complexity of language development and then deal with the concepts of multilingualism and bilingualism. In the practical part there is a qualitative research investigation based on three case studies of children from multilingual environment. The individual studies describe in detail their language development, including the possible mixing of language codes, and possible communication disabilities. Also, there is trying to find which of the language becomes relaxed for the children. Interviews with parents and class teacher mainly used to obtain data.

My work is focused on adoption of foreign language and language skills of Czech football players in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The basis of my research is a complex of ten dialogues with contemporary or former football players, who helped to analyse their language skills. Information I gained give us a full survey about German language during their staying - it shows their original knowledge, requirements of their clubs, possibilities of option to learn and their consequences and the reached language level. As well it was shown, that the situations can occur, which can make the adoption of the language easier or harder. Getting of language skills proved to be very individualistic phenomenon. The linguistic education of football players is complicated by the fact, that commonly used German language is different from the language used on the football pitch. Four dialogues in German language allowed me the detailed language analysis.

RésuméCette recherche qui s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’interactionnisme sociodiscursif, concerne la construction de la compétence scripturale chez les adultes en milieu multilingue. Elle interroge les pratiques effectives des enseignants en vue de comprendre ce qu’ils font réellement lorsqu'ils enseignent l’écrit. En prenant appui sur la théorie de la transposition didactique et la théorie des objets enseignés, une méthodologie d’observation de classe écologique a été mise en place dans le cadre de classes de Français Langue Etrangère et Seconde (FLES) pour un public adulte à l’Alliance Française de Kinshasa, R.D. Congo. Les données recueillies proviennent des interactions mobilisant un dispositif didactique centré sur les genres. L’analyse qualitative des régulations révèle deux logiques de l’enseignement de l’écrit : une à dominante linguistique et l’autre à orientation communicative et qui ouvre un espace didactique où l’approche par les genres textuels aurait toute sa place pour la production de textes écrits.Mots-clés :Pratiques effectives des enseignants – compétence scripturale – objet enseigné – langue écrite – milieu plurilingue – adultes – didactique – genre textuel. / Abstract :This research study in the field of socio-discursive interactionism focuses on scriptural competence of adult learners in a multilingual context. It questions the real practices of teachers with a view to describing what they do when they teach writing skills. Inspired by the theories of didactic transposition on the one hand, taught objects on the other, an ecological research methodology has been implemented in classes of French as a foreign or second language (FFL/FSL) for adult learners at the Alliance Française in Kinshasa, R.D. Congo. Data were collected from the interactions based on a didactic option focusing on textual genre. The qualitative analysis of teacher regulations highlights two different approaches to teaching writing skills. The first is essentially linguistic, whilst the second tends towards a communicative approach which didactically speaking, opens up a space in which an approach by textual genres would have a legitimate and beneficial place.Keywords: Effective Practices of teachers – scriptural competence - taught subject – writing skills - multilingual environment - adults - textual genre