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Object of the research. The research object includes a CCA and a model of a web-based decision support system developed by integrating basic knowledge in the sphere of construction management, civil law, mathematical methods and advanced computer technologies; the model system enables effective implementation of aims of various parties of a CCA. Aim and tasks of the work. The main aim of the dissertation is to develop a theoretical model of a web-based decision support system for legal regulation of CCAs, taking in to consideration principles of construction management, improvement of effectiveness of legal regulation of CCAs, employing computer technologies, theoretical assumptions related to development of e-business systems, and etc. In order to make an effective theoretical model of a web-based decision support system for legal regulation of CCAs, the following tasks are stated: • To analyse importance of e-business in improvement of effectiveness of preparation of CCAs. • To make a feasibility study of the potential of e-business principles, of factors determining effectiveness and of decision support measures in preparation of CCAs. • To analyse principles of operating decision support systems intended for construction, law and agreement preparation. • To prepare several models for evaluation of CCAs and to select the best. • To analyse the potential of application of currently used multiple criteria analysis methods in a web-based decision support system for legal... [to full text]

Förekomsten av extremväder på grund av klimatförändringar har med åren ökat vilket gjort att förekomsten av naturhändelser bedöms öka i framtiden. Vid krissituationer i samhället är det bra om det är planerat för trygghetspunkter som är platser dit människor kan ta sig vid kris. Kommuner har det yttersta ansvaret för krisberedskap i kommunen men kan även samarbeta med andra aktörer som till exempel trossamfund. Svenska kyrkan är ett sådant trossamfund som har vana av att hjälpa till vid kriser och som innehar ett fastighetsbestånd med byggnader över hela Sverige. Syftet med den här studien är att i Säffle, Åmåls och Melleruds pastorat utvärdera kyrkbyggnader inom Svenska kyrkans fastighetsbestånd som potentiella trygghetspunkter. Detta utifrån underkriterierna naturolyckor, energi och tillgänglighet samt huvudkriteriet trygghetspunkt. I Sverige är vegetationsbrand och översvämningar samt ras och skred bland de vanligast förekommande orsakerna till naturolyckor. Vid kriser som dessa kan orsaka kan trygghetspunkter som uppfyller vissa kriterier behöva finnas tillgängliga. Ett sätt att hitta optimala lösningar med hjälp av olika kriterier är att använda sig av en multikriterieanalys (MKA). Det finns flera olika metoder inom MKA och en av dessa är Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) som är en viktningsmetod. En annan MKA-metod är Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) och den implementerar MKA i geografiskt informationssystem (GIS).    Totalt utvärderades 50 kyrkbyggnader som lämpliga trygghetspunkter. Analyser för att ta fram viktningsattribut utfördes i ArcGIS Pro eller kontrollerades manuellt i kartor. MKA-metoderna AHP och WLC användes och resultatet visar att Säffle kyrka är den byggnad som är mest lämplig som trygghetspunkt under samtliga kriteriekategorier med undantag för energi där Åmåls församlingshem är lämpligast. Byggnader i examensarbetet har viktats mot varandra utifrån olika attribut och inte mot yttre variabler. Flera byggnader fick högt lämplighetsvärde i flera kriteriekategorier och många av dessa byggnader låg i närheten av orterna Säffle, Åmål och Mellerud. Möjligheten för fortsatta studier inom området trygghetspunkter är stor. / The occurrence of extreme weather events due to climate change has increased over the years, which has made the occurrence of natural disasters to be expected to increase in the future. When crisis occurs in society it is good if there are planned points of safety to where people can go. Municipalities have the ultimate responsibility for crisis management in the municipality, but they can also work together with other parts of society to achieve this, such as religious communities. The Church of Sweden is one such faith community that are used to helping in crises and that have buildings throughout Sweden.  The purpose of this study is to evaluate church buildings within the Church of Sweden's property holdings in the parishes of Säffle, Åmål and Mellerud as potential points of safety. The evaluation is based on the sub-criteria natural disasters, energy and accessibility, as well as the main criterion point of safety. In Sweden, vegetation fires, floods and landslides are among the most common causes of natural disasters. When crises caused  by these occurs, points of safety that meet certain criteria need to be available. One way to find optimal solutions using different criteria is to use Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE). There are several different methods within MCE and one of them are AHP, which is a weighting method. Another MCE method is called Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) which is a method that implements MCE in Geographic Information System (GIS). A total of 50 church buildings were evaluated as potential points of safety in this study. Analyzes to obtain weighting attributes were performed in ArcGIS Pro or checked manually in maps. MCE methods AHP and WLC were used to bring out a result. The result shows that the Säffle kyrka was the most suitable building to become a point of safety in all criteria except for energy where Åmåls församlingshem received the highest value. Buildings in this study were weighted against each other based on their different attributes and not against outer variables. Several buildings received a high value within several criteria and many of these buildings were located near the towns of Säffle, Åmål and Mellerud. The opportunities for further studies regarding point of safety are great.

The thesis deals with investment decision making. It starts from the decision making situation about the making of an investment portfolio of the open unit trusts. The whole decision making process is described, namely the methodical approaches used in terms of the portfolio making procedure. Thus, the main part of this paper focuses on a detailed description of an algorithm of the fuzzy weight estimation method, fuzzy multiple criteria evaluation method and fuzzy multiple objective programming method. The methods are proposed on the basis of current concepts; they conclude the new ideas as well. The fuzzy weight estimation method is able to calculate the weights of criteria according to their linguistically expressed importance. The fuzzy multiple criteria evaluation method accepts uncertain input data in the form of the fuzzy numbers. The alternatives are evaluated by the concept of the preference relations. This method provides a division of the alternatives into the effective and ineffective. The fuzzy multiple objective programming method also works with the uncertain elements as fuzzy numbers. To solve the particular mathematical models, the Bellman's optimality approach is applied. The method is proposed in the interactive form. The decision maker can change a current solution by his/her additional (vague) preferences. The proposed concepts form the two-phase decision making procedure that is applied in the practical situation of the portfolio making in the field of the capital market with open unit trusts offered by the Česká spořitelna investment company. Two types of investors are defined, the investment situations are described, and the results are analyzed in detail. The decision making theory, the fuzzy sets theory and the capital market of collective investment, or with unit trusts, are introduced in a necessary scope. The instigation of my dissertation is to solve the real decision making situation. The investment decision making process is described and the methodical approaches are proposed in order to make the portfolio of unit trusts.