Over the last several years a branch of Artificial Intelligence called Qualitative Reasoning has received much attention. A qualitative reasoner use qualitative values such as increasing, boiling and turbulent to analyze the behavior of physical systems. Existing qualitative frameworks have focused on physical systems whose qualitative values can be identified given the value of a single parameter. This precludes the application of qualitative models to physical systems whose properties require the values of several parameters. An example of such a system is the kinematics of a robotic manipulator. With this motivation, this thesis answers the following: What is a Qualitative model? Although current approaches appear diverse, they share a common mathematical foundation. This foundation is used to reformulate the qualitative model as a set of equivalence relations. The other question answered is: What extensions are needed to handle multivariate properties such as those encountered in the manipulator paradigm? The equivalence classes associated with qualitative models are geometrically shown to be connected hyperspaces. We show that existing frameworks are limited in the types of hyperspaces they can represent. The major ideas in this thesis are illustrated using manipulator kinematics. / Science, Faculty of / Computer Science, Department of / Graduate

Le mécanisme de Higgs, introduit en 1964, propose une solution à un problème majeur du modèle standard de la physique des particules : l'origine de la masse. Ce mécanisme prédit l'existence d'un boson scalaire, de masse non prédite par la théorie et qui n'a encore jamais été observé expérimentalement (Juin 2012). Le Tevatron, un accélérateur hadronique basé à Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory près de Chicago, a permis la prise de données à l'aide des deux détecteurs CDF et DØ depuis 1983 jusqu'en septembre 2011. Accumulant une statistique de près de 10fb-1 à analyser. La production associée du Higgs et d'un boson vecteur est le canal principal de recherche pour un Higgs standard léger. A l'aide des données collectées par DØ, nous recherchons ce mode de production. La production du boson de Higgs étant très rare, nous avons développé des techniques sophistiquées de manière à améliorer la sensibilité au signal, telles que l'identification des jets de quarks beaux ou encore des méthodes basées sur des discriminants multivariés. Au final, une approche statistique nous permet de poser une limite supérieure sur le taux de production du Higgs observé (resp. attendu) rapporté aux prédictions du modèle standard. Les résultats obtenus dans le canal WH avec la statistique finale de l'expérience DØ au Tevatron sont de 3.15 (resp. 3.97) pour un boson de Higgs de 115 GeV/C2. / Higgs mechanism, introduced in 1964, gives a satisfactory solution to a major problem of the standard model of elementary particles : the origin of the mass. It predicts the existence of the Higgs scalar boson, which mass is not defined by the theory and which has not been discovered experimentally yet (June 2012). The Tevatron, a hadron accelerator based at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago, took data with its two multi-purpose detectors CDF and DØ since 1983 up to september 2011. Leaving about 10 fb-1 of statistics to analyze. Associated production of Higgs and vector gauge boson is the main search channel for a light standard Higgs boson. Using data collected by DØ, we are looking for this production mode taking advantage of sophisticated techniques to improve the signal sensitivity like b-jet identification and multivariate discriminants. In the end, a statistical approach allows us to set an upper limit on the ratio between the observed (resp. expected) Higgs production and its theoretical cross section. The results obtained in the WH channel using 9.7 fb-1 at DØ is 3;15 (resp. 3.96) for a 115 GeV/c2 Higgs boson.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-28T14:37:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO PATRÍCIA NERI (PPGCF) - VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 2349213 bytes, checksum: 73f2d950a1240688c94ba3d7578fe8e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T14:37:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO PATRÍCIA NERI (PPGCF) - VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 2349213 bytes, checksum: 73f2d950a1240688c94ba3d7578fe8e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / CNPQ / Os compostos fenólicos são um grupo de substâncias facilmente encontradas na natureza, presentes em várias espécies vegetais. A forma de retirada e obtenção destes compostos presentes nas matrizes das células vegetais é através dos métodos extrativos. A extração é a primeira etapa dos estudos com plantas e pode sofrer interferência de vários fatores como temperatura, tempo de extração, solvente e parte da planta utilizada e tem se tornado um dos principais alvos nos estudos com planejamento fatorial. Maytenus rigida Mart., espécie considerada nativa do nordeste brasileiro, é rica em compostos fenólicos e apresenta atividades farmacológicas conhecidas, entre elas a atividade antimicrobiana. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as condições extrativas de compostos fenólicos de cascas e folhas desta espécie através de ensaios fitoquímicos e microbiológicos. As amostras foram submetidas à extração hidroetanólica (70%) através de cinco métodos extrativos: maceração, decocção sob refluxo, turbólise, ultrassom e micro-ondas, dos quais um foi escolhido para realização do planejamento fatorial. Esta escolha baseou-se nos doseamentos de fenóis totais, taninos, flavonoides e cumarinas; e nos ensaios antimicrobianos por testes de difusão em disco. Após determinação do método a ser utilizado, foi feito um planejamento fatorial 23, para analisar a interferência do teor alcóolico, do tempo de extração e da proporção massa/solvente nos teores dos metabólitos analisados. O método por decocção sob refluxo foi o escolhido por ter se mostrado mais vantajoso na extração de compostos fenólicos, não havendo diferença significativa entre os métodos para a atividade antimicrobiana. No planejamento fatorial, as variáveis analisadas não exerceram influência sobre os teores de fenóis totais e taninos, já para flavonoides e cumarinas observou-se que o aumento da proporção de etanol aumentou a extração destes metabólitos. Para atividade antimicrobiana, as variáveis exerceram influência significativa frente a M. luteus. Os extratos também foram testados frente a cepas de S. aureus isolados clínicos, apresentando halos entre 12-15 mm, sendo considerados ativos. / Phenolic compounds are a group of substances easily found in nature, present in several plant species. The form of withdrawal and obtaining these compounds in matrices of plant cells is through extractive methods. Extraction is the first stage of studies with plants and can be interfered with by many factors such as temperature, extraction time, solvent and part of the plant used and has become a major target in studies with factorial design. Maytenus rigida Mart., considered native to northeastern Brazil, is rich in phenolic compounds and has known pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study aims to analyze the conditions extraction of phenolic compounds from barks and leaves of this specie through phytochemical and microbiological tests. The samples were submitted to extraction hydroethanol (70%) through five extractive methods: maceration, decoction under reflux, turbo-extraction, ultrasound and microwave, one of which was chosen to perform the factorial design. This choice was based on measurements of total phenols, tannins, flavonoids and coumarins; and antimicrobial tests for disk diffusion test. After determining the method to be used a factorial design 23 was done to analyze the interference of the alcoholic contents, the extraction time and the ratio mass/ solvent in the levels metabolites analyzed. The method by decoction under reflux was chosen for having been more advantageous in extracting of phenolic compounds, with no significant difference between methods for antimicrobial activity. In the factorial design, the analyzed variables did not influence on the contents of total phenols and tannins, flavonoids and coumarins have to be observed that the increase in the proportion of ethanol increased the extraction of these metabolites. To antimicrobial activity, the variables exercised significant influence against M. luteus. The extracts were also tested strains of S. aureus clinical isolates, showing halos between 12-15 mm, and are considered assets.

O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar as afinidades biológicas através da comparação estatística multivariada dos dados craniométricos dos Paleoíndios de Lagoa Santa com outras séries esqueletais representativas de diversas regiões do mundo, testando, de forma complementar, as relações biológicas primeiramente observadas por Neves & Pucciarelli (1989). De acordo com a proposta inicial de Neves e Pucciarelli (1989), que sugere que a ocupação do Novo Mundo se deu a partir da chegada de dois componentes biológicos à América, os Paleoíndios, representantes da primeira leva de colonizadores, apresentam morfologia craniana generalizada, semelhante à observada entre as populações australo-melanésicas e africanas atuais e diametralmente oposta à morfologia especializada, característica dos nativos americanos recentes, todos descendentes da segunda leva de colonizadores. Para a execução do trabalho proposto foi utilizado, como base de dados comparativa à série Paleoíndia de Lagoa Santa, uma base de dados alternativa ao banco Howells, classicamente utilizado nas investigações bioantropologicas. A base de dados alternativa, numericamente expressiva e contando com populações originárias de 19 grandes regiões geográficas, foi organizada pelo Prof. Tsunehiko Hanihara, do Departamento de Anatomia da Saga Medical School (Saga, Japão), e cedida ao Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos para a execução deste trabalho. Os resultados gerados através das técnicas estatísticas multivariadas empregadas indicaram que a população Paleoíndia de Lagoa Santa, em escala intracontinental, não se associa com as populações indígenas nativas americanas tardias e atuais e, em escala extra-continental, apresentam, de maneira geral, uma morfologia craniana mais semelhante à apresentada por populações de morfologia craniana generalizada / The present work proposes the analysis of the biological affinities, through a multivariate statistics comparison, of the Lagoa Santa Paleoindians´ craniometric data and other skeletal series, representatives of other regions in the world, testing, in a complementary way, the biological relationships first observed by Neves & Pucciarelli (1989). In accordance with Neves and Pucciarelli initial proposal, which suggests that the New World settlement happened with the arrive of two biological components to the America, the Paleoindians, representatives of the first migration wave, who show the generalized cranial morphology, resembling the one observed among the australomelanesian and african current populations, and completely opposite to the specialized morphology of the current native americans, all descendents from the second migration wave. For the accomplishment of this work it was used, as comparative data base to the Lagoa Santa\'s Paleoindians series, an alternative data set from that produced by Howells, commonly utilized in physical anthropological studies. The alternative data base, numerically expressive and counting with populations derived from 19 great geographic regions, was organized by the Professor Tsunehiko Hanihara, from the Anatomy Department of Saga Medical School (Saga, Japan), and granted to the Laboratory of Human Evolution Studies (Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos - LEEH), for the execution of this project. The results generated through the employee multivariate statistics technics pointed out that the Paleoindian population from Lagoa Santa, in a intra-continental scale, do not associate with the american indigenous populations, neither from the past nor the present and, from the extra-continental scale, they present, in a general manner, a cranial morphology that resembles more that one presented by the populations with the generalized cranial morphology.

O gênero Eupatorium L. (Asteraceae) apresenta muitas espécies comumente encontradas no Rio Grande do Sul e se caracteriza pela presença de óleos voláteis e outros derivados terpenoídicos entre seus metabólitos secundários. Neste trabalho, o óleo volátil de oito espécies de Eupatorium nativas do estado foi extraído por hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger e sua composição química foi avaliada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). As espécies analisadas foram: E. inulifolium Kunth, E. polystachyum DC, E. picturatum Malme, E. tremulum Hook. & Arn, E. ivifolium L., E. laevigatum Lam., E. casarettoi (B.L.Rob.) Steyerm., E. itatiayense Hieron. e E. gaudichaudianum DC. Os óleos voláteis de partes aéreas de E. tremulum analisados antes, durante e após a floração, aplicando-se análises multivariadas para identificar compostos com variação significativa em cada estágio de desenvolvimento da espécie. Os extratos diclorometano das mesmas espécies foram avaliados na busca de lactonas sesquiterpênicas utilizando como metodologia a mensuração da absorção característica de lactonas no espectro Infravermelho e aplicação de métodos de extração específicos para essa classe de compostos. Foi realizado fracionamento dos óleos voláteis em cromatografia em coluna aberta (CC), cromatografia flash (CC flash) e cromatografia líquida de média pressão (MPLC) com monitoramento das frações por CG/EM para o isolamento de compostos não identificados apenas por seu índice de retenção linear e espectro de massas. Utilizando essa abordagem foi isolado e identificado por seus dados espectrais de RMN um furanossesquiterpeno, 3-oxoverboccidentafurano, descrito pela primeira vez em Eupatorium. Também foi realizado o fracionamento de extratos diclorometano (E. casaretoi e E. inulifolium) em CC flash e MPLC, com monitoramento das frações por CG/EM e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodos (HPLC-DAD) na tentativa de isolamento de lactonas sesquiterpênicas. Um composto foi isolado e sua completa elucidação estrutural está em andamento. Considerando as dificuldades encontradas no processo de elucidação estrutural da molécula isolada do extrato de E. inulifolium, mesmo com a abundância de dados de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) 13C disponíveis para consulta, e que não foi encontrada uma base digital dedicada a lactonas sesquiterpênicas reunindo esses dados em uma plataforma facilmente acessível e utilizável, foi realizada a transposição de uma base de dados da literatura para um formato digital amigável (baseada em Excel®), com a visualização e comparação de dados facilitadas graças à utilização de formas gráficas em lugar das formas tabulares de apresentação dos espectros comuns na literatura. / The genus Eupatorium L. (Asteraceae) contains several species that are common in Rio Grande do Sul State and it is characterized by essential oils and other terpenic derivatives among its secondary metabolites. Through this survey, it was evaluated the chemical composition of the essential oil from eight species of Eupatorium natives to the State and their chemical composition was analysed by gas chromatogaphy coupled to mass spectrometry. The following species were studied: E. inulifolium Kunth, E. polystachyum DC, E. picturatum Malme, E. tremulum Hook. & Arn, E. ivifolium L., E. laevigatum Lam., E. casarettoi (B.L.Rob.) Steyerm., E. itatiayense Hieron. and E. gaudichaudianum DC. Volatile oils from aereal parts of E. tremulum were analysed before, during and after blooming. Multivariate analyses were employed in order to identify compounds showing significant variation between each developmental stage. Dichloromethane extracts of these same species were evaluated for sesquiterpene lactones by measuring the typical infrared absorption for lactones and applying extraction methods directed to this class of compounds. The essential oils were fractionated by CC, CC flash and MPLC, with fractions being monitored by GC/MS for isolation of unknown compounds, whose retention index and mass spectrum were not enough for identification. Using this approach a furansesquiterpene, 3-oxo-verboccidentafuran, described for the first time for Eupatorium, was isolated and identified based on NMR spectral data. Dichloromethane extracts (E. casarettoi and E. inulifolium) were also fractionated by CC flash and MPLC, fractions were monitored by GC/MS and HPLC-DAD aiming the isolation of sesquiterpene lactones One compound was isolated and its structural elucidation is ongoing. Considering difficulties faced in the process of structural elucidation of the compound isolated from the extract of E. inulifolium, even with plenty of NMR 13C data available for search, and considering that no digital database dedicated to sesquiterpene lactones was found, that gathers these data in an easily accessible and user friendly platform, we performed the transposition of a bibliographic database to a more user friendly digital format (baseada em Excel®), with enhanced data visualization and comparison, thanks to the use of graphical rather than the tabular spectral presentation usually found in the literature.

Clustering is an important analytical technique that has proven to affect human life positively through its application in cancer research, market segmentation, city planning etc. In this time of growing technological systems, mixed data has seen another face of longitudinal, directional and functional attributes which is worth paying attention to and analyzing. Previous research works on clustering relied largely on the inverse weight technique and B-spline in smoothing data and assessing the performance of various clustering algorithms. In 1971, Gower proposed a method of clustering for mixed variable types which has been extended to include functional and directional variables by Hendrickson (2014). In this study, we will do a comparative analysis of the performance of the hierarchical clustering mechanism using a simulated Functional data with mixed structure. We will adopt the Fourier basis smoothing procedure and use the Rand index (Rand 1971) and adjusted Rand index for the comparison of the various clustering algorithms.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The thesis aims to determine the depositional environments, rock types and petrophysical characteristics of the reservoirs in Wells E-S3, E-S5 and F-AH4 of Area X in the Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South Africa. The three wells were studied using methods including core description, petrophysical analysis, seismic facies and multivariate statistics in order to evaluate their reservoir potential. The thesis includes digital wireline log signatures, 2D seismic data, well data and core analysis from selected depths. Based on core description, five lithofacies were identified as claystone (HM1), fine to coarse grained sandstone (HM2), very fine to medium grained sandstone (HM3), fine to medium grained sandstone (HM4) and conglomerate (HM5). Deltaic and shallow marine depositional environments were also interpreted from the core description based on the sedimentary structures and ichnofossils. The results obtained from the petrophysical analysis indicate that the sandstone reservoirs show a relatively fair to good porosity (range 13-20 %), water saturation (range 17-45 %) and a predicted permeability (range 4- 108 mD) for Wells E-S3, E-S5 andF-AH4. The seismic facies model of the study area shows five seismic facies described as parallel, variable amplitude variable continuity, semi-continuous high amplitude, divergent variable amplitude and chaotic seismic facies as well as a probable shallow marine, deltaic and submarine fan depositional system. Linking lithofacies to seismic facies maps helped to understand and predict the distribution and quality of reservoir packages in the studied wells. Multivariate statistical methods of factor, discriminant and cluster analysis were used. For Wells E-S3, E-S5 and F-AH4, two factors were derived from the wireline log data reflecting oil and non- oil bearing depths. Cluster analysis delineated oil and non-oil bearing groups with similar wireline properties. This thesis demonstrates that the approach taken is useful because petrophysical analysis, seismic facies and multivariate statistics has provided useful information on reservoir quality such as net to gross, depths of hydrocarbon saturation and depositional environment.

L’athérosclérose est un phénomène inflammatoire caractérisé par un dépôt sur les artères de macrophages gorgés de cholestérol également appelés cellules spumeuses. Actuellement, trois principales molécules membranaires sont décrites comme assurant la sortie du cholestérol libre, dont l’ABCA1 (ATP Binding Cassette A1) qui joue un rôle physiologique important. Le but de ce travail est d’étudier l’impact de l’incorporation d’acides gras ω3 et celui de LDL modifiées sur la composition des phospholipides membranaires et d’établir des liens entre la modification de composition des phospholipides et l’altération du fonctionnement de l’ABCA1. Une étude lipidomique a été menée, en utilisant des méthodes de chromatographie couplées à la spectrométrie de masse. Les analyses ont été réalisées au moyen d’un système de chromatographie liquide en phase normale (NP-LC) permettant la séparation des différents phospholipides. La détection a été réalisée à l’aide de spectromètres de masse (MS) basse et ultra-haute résolution, ainsi que d’un détecteur à aérosol chargé. La chromatographie en phase gazeuse permet de connaître les proportions relatives d’acides gras. Ces techniques ont été utilisées pour réaliser une étude sur les paramètres de prétraitement (en amont du traitement des signaux analytiques), de décrire le lipidome de différents types de macrophages et d’établir les modifications de composition des phospholipides lors d’ajout chronique d’acides gras ω3 et/ou de LDL modifiées. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de définir une méthode de prétraitement de données LC-MS, d’évaluer la composition de trois types de macrophages et de modéliser les variations de l’efflux du cholestérol avec les modifications phospholipidiques observées pour les macrophages non spumeux. A partir de ces éléments, des thématiques communes, chimie biologie, ont pu aussi être identifiées comme l’analyse de «l’oxylipidome». / Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by a deposit on the arteries of macrophages full of cholesterol also called foam cells. Currently, three main membrane molecules are described as ensuring the release of free cholesterol, of which ABCA1 (ATP Binding Cassette A1) plays an important physiological role. The purpose of this work is to study the impact of the incorporation of ω3 fatty acids and modified LDL on membrane phospholipids composition and to establish the relationship between modification of the phospholipid composition and functionality of ABCA1. A lipidomic study was conducted using chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometry. Analyzes were carried out using normal phase liquid chromatography (NP-LC) allowing the separation of the different phospholipid classes. Detection was performed using low and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometers (MS) and a charged aerosol detector. Gas chromatography is used to determine fatty acids proportions. These techniques were used to study pretreatment parameters, to describe different macrophages lipidome and to establish phospholipid modifications during ω3 fatty acids chronic addition and / or modified LDL. The results obtained made it possible to define a method for LC-MS data pretreatment, to evaluate the composition of three types of macrophages, to model the variations of cholesterol efflux with the phospholipid modifications observed for non-foamy macrophages. From these elements, common themes, chemistry biology, could also be identified as the analysis of "oxylipidome".

Thesis (Ph.D. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / In spatial statistics, several methods have been developed to measure the extent of local and global spatial dependence (clustering) in measured data across areas in a region of research interest. These methods are now routinely implemented in most Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical computer packages. However, spatial statistics for measuring joint spatial dependence of multiple spatial measurement and outcome data have not been well developed. A naive analysis would simply apply univariate spatial dependence methods to each data separately. Though this is simple and straightforward, it ignores possible relationships between multiple spatial data because they may be measuring the same phenomena. Limited work has been done on extending the Moran’s index, a commonly used and applied univariate measure of spatial clustering, to bivariate Moran’s index in order to assess spatial dependence for two spatial data. The overall aim of this PhD was to develop multivariate spatial clustering methods for multiple spatial data, especially in the health sciences. Our proposed multivariate spatial clustering statistic is based on the fundamental theory regarding canonical correlations. We firstly reviewed and applied univariate and bivariate Moran’s indexes to spatial analyses of multiple non-communicable diseases and related risk factors in South Africa. Then we derived our proposed multivariate spatial clustering method, which was evaluated by simulation studies and applied to a spatial analysis of multiple non-communicable diseases and related risk factors in South Africa. Simulation studies showed that our proposed multivariate spatial statistic was able to identify correctly clusters of areas with high risks as well as clusters with low risk.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17881号 / 工博第3790号 / 新制||工||1580(附属図書館) / 30701 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 米田 稔, 教授 田中 宏明, 教授 清水 芳久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM