Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Jena.

Este trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de avaliar a degradação anaeróbia de benzoato por bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS). A primeira fase experimental avaliou essa degradação utilizando como inóculo biomassa de reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF) utilizado no tratamento de água residuária de indústria de peróxidos orgânicos. Os ensaios foram realizados em reatores em batelada mantidos em temperatura de 33ºC ±1 e agitação de 150 rpm. Os reatores foram alimentados com meio para BRS e diferentes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato, estabelecendo as seguintes relações: 0,9 (890 mg/L e 970 mg/L), 0,8 (660 mg/L e 870 mg/L) e 0,6 (242 mg/L e 400 mg/L). Após 13 dias verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato iguais a: (0,9) 71,2% e 98%, (0,7) 97% e 99,9% e (0,6) 91,3% e 15%, respectivamente. Os exames microscópicos revelaram o predomínio de BRS. Na segunda fase experimental foi realizada a purificação celular, utilizando-se técnica de diluição seriada em meio líquido, obtendo-se cultura com predomínio de cocos, gram-negativos, diâmetro médio de 1,8 mm, não formadores de esporos e desulfoviridina positiva. Sendo identificadas como Desulfococcus multivorans através de seqüenciamento do DNAr 16S. As células foram submetidas a testes fisiológicos visando caracterizar o crescimento com diferentes aceptores de elétrons e substratos orgânicos. Nas condições em que predominaram cocos o consumo das fontes de carbono foram melhores quando as fontes aceptoras de elétron eram possuidoras de enxofre. Na terceira fase experimental foram realizados ensaios com a cultura purificada em reatores anaeróbios em batelada submetidos as seguintes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato estabelecendo relações de: (0,3) 600 mg/L e 2000 mg/L; (0,6) 606 mg/L e 1000 mg/L; (1,2) 600 mg/L e 500 mg/L; (1,8) 910 mg/L e 500 mg/L, respectivamente. Após, 13 dias de operação, verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato, iguais a: 99% e 61,2% (0,3), 99% e 100% (0,6), 99% e 100% (1,2) e 50% e 100% (1,8), respectivamente. A velocidade de crescimento (&#956) e o tempo de geração (Tg) foram respectivamente: 0,010 h-1 e 66,4 horas, para relação 0,6 e 0,011 h-1 e 66,1 horas, para a relação 0,3. / This work was carried out aiming to assess benzoate anaerobic degradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The first experimental phase consisted of assessing this degradation using biomass provided from a horizontal anaerobic immobilized bed reactor (HAIB) applied in the treatment of wastewater from an organic peroxide industry. The essays were carried out in batch reactors kept under 33ºC ±1 of temperature and 150 rpm of agitation. The reactors were fed with a specific culture medium for SRB and also with different concentrations of benzoate and sulfate, establishing the following relations: 0.9 (890 mg/L and 970 mg/L), 0.8 (680 mg/L and 870 mg/L) and 0.6 (242 mg/L and 400 mg/L), respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization efficiency values equal to: (0.9) 71.2% and 98%, (0.8) 97% and 99.9% and (0.6) 91.3% and 15%, respectively, were verified. The microscopic exams revealed the domain of SRB. In the second experimental phase cellular purification was carried out using the serial dilution technique in liquid medium, obtaining a culture with the domain of gram-negatives cocci, average diameter of 1,8 mm, nonspore-forming and desulfoviridin positive. These cells were identified as Desulfococcus multivorans through the use of ribosomal 16S DNA sequencing technique. This biomass was submitted to physiological tests aiming to characterize the growth with different electron acceptors and organic substrates. It was possible to verify that in the conditions where cocci took place, the consumption of carbon sources were better when the electron accepting sources possessed sulfur. In the third experimental phase essays with culture purified, the reactors were submitted to the following concentrations of benzoate and sulfate: relation (0.3), with 600.0 mg/L and 2000.0 mg/L; relation (0.6) with 606 mg/L and 1000 mg/L; relation (1.2), with 600 mg/L and 500 mg/L; relation (1.8), with 910 mg/L and 500 mg/L, respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization values were equal to: 99% and 61.2% (0.3), 99% and 100% (0.6), 99% and 100% (1.2) and 50% and 100% (1.8), respectively. The specific growth rate (&#956) and the generation time (Tg) of culture, were equal to: 0.010 h-1 and 66.4 hours for relation 0.6 and 0.011 h-1 and 66.1 hours for relation 0.3, respectively.

Este trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de avaliar a degradação anaeróbia de benzoato por bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS). A primeira fase experimental avaliou essa degradação utilizando como inóculo biomassa de reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF) utilizado no tratamento de água residuária de indústria de peróxidos orgânicos. Os ensaios foram realizados em reatores em batelada mantidos em temperatura de 33ºC ±1 e agitação de 150 rpm. Os reatores foram alimentados com meio para BRS e diferentes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato, estabelecendo as seguintes relações: 0,9 (890 mg/L e 970 mg/L), 0,8 (660 mg/L e 870 mg/L) e 0,6 (242 mg/L e 400 mg/L). Após 13 dias verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato iguais a: (0,9) 71,2% e 98%, (0,7) 97% e 99,9% e (0,6) 91,3% e 15%, respectivamente. Os exames microscópicos revelaram o predomínio de BRS. Na segunda fase experimental foi realizada a purificação celular, utilizando-se técnica de diluição seriada em meio líquido, obtendo-se cultura com predomínio de cocos, gram-negativos, diâmetro médio de 1,8 mm, não formadores de esporos e desulfoviridina positiva. Sendo identificadas como Desulfococcus multivorans através de seqüenciamento do DNAr 16S. As células foram submetidas a testes fisiológicos visando caracterizar o crescimento com diferentes aceptores de elétrons e substratos orgânicos. Nas condições em que predominaram cocos o consumo das fontes de carbono foram melhores quando as fontes aceptoras de elétron eram possuidoras de enxofre. Na terceira fase experimental foram realizados ensaios com a cultura purificada em reatores anaeróbios em batelada submetidos as seguintes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato estabelecendo relações de: (0,3) 600 mg/L e 2000 mg/L; (0,6) 606 mg/L e 1000 mg/L; (1,2) 600 mg/L e 500 mg/L; (1,8) 910 mg/L e 500 mg/L, respectivamente. Após, 13 dias de operação, verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato, iguais a: 99% e 61,2% (0,3), 99% e 100% (0,6), 99% e 100% (1,2) e 50% e 100% (1,8), respectivamente. A velocidade de crescimento (&#956) e o tempo de geração (Tg) foram respectivamente: 0,010 h-1 e 66,4 horas, para relação 0,6 e 0,011 h-1 e 66,1 horas, para a relação 0,3. / This work was carried out aiming to assess benzoate anaerobic degradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The first experimental phase consisted of assessing this degradation using biomass provided from a horizontal anaerobic immobilized bed reactor (HAIB) applied in the treatment of wastewater from an organic peroxide industry. The essays were carried out in batch reactors kept under 33ºC ±1 of temperature and 150 rpm of agitation. The reactors were fed with a specific culture medium for SRB and also with different concentrations of benzoate and sulfate, establishing the following relations: 0.9 (890 mg/L and 970 mg/L), 0.8 (680 mg/L and 870 mg/L) and 0.6 (242 mg/L and 400 mg/L), respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization efficiency values equal to: (0.9) 71.2% and 98%, (0.8) 97% and 99.9% and (0.6) 91.3% and 15%, respectively, were verified. The microscopic exams revealed the domain of SRB. In the second experimental phase cellular purification was carried out using the serial dilution technique in liquid medium, obtaining a culture with the domain of gram-negatives cocci, average diameter of 1,8 mm, nonspore-forming and desulfoviridin positive. These cells were identified as Desulfococcus multivorans through the use of ribosomal 16S DNA sequencing technique. This biomass was submitted to physiological tests aiming to characterize the growth with different electron acceptors and organic substrates. It was possible to verify that in the conditions where cocci took place, the consumption of carbon sources were better when the electron accepting sources possessed sulfur. In the third experimental phase essays with culture purified, the reactors were submitted to the following concentrations of benzoate and sulfate: relation (0.3), with 600.0 mg/L and 2000.0 mg/L; relation (0.6) with 606 mg/L and 1000 mg/L; relation (1.2), with 600 mg/L and 500 mg/L; relation (1.8), with 910 mg/L and 500 mg/L, respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization values were equal to: 99% and 61.2% (0.3), 99% and 100% (0.6), 99% and 100% (1.2) and 50% and 100% (1.8), respectively. The specific growth rate (&#956) and the generation time (Tg) of culture, were equal to: 0.010 h-1 and 66.4 hours for relation 0.6 and 0.011 h-1 and 66.1 hours for relation 0.3, respectively.

The incidence of CF related diabetes is on the rise as patient life expectancy continues to improve. Sugars elevated in diabetics include glucose, fructose, and mannose. These sugars, in addition to mannitol (recently approved as an inhaled osmolyte) are the basis for this study, aimed at assessing the impact these clinically relevant sugars have on virulence in Burkholderia multivorans. B. multivorans is a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), and is the most frequent cause of Bcc infection in CF patients. Using an exopolysaccharide-deficient knockout in macrophage and Galleria mellonella infection models, biofilm formation, and adhesion assays, this study has identified exopolysaccharide-dependent and -independent phenotypes. Sequencing of B. multivorans C1576, a CF outbreak isolate, identified three putative adhesins in clinical isolate C1576 but not present in the sequenced environmental strain ATCC17616. Mannitol promoted adhesion and enhanced expression of these adhesins. This study characterised these adhesins and assessed the distribution within other clinical and environmental isolates of B. multivorans and the Bcc. Additionally, transcriptomic profiling of B. multivorans assessed the sugar response and EPS regulation during growth on clinically relevant sugars. Where possible, links were made between phenotypic studies and transcriptome data. B. multivorans EPS derived from fructose and mannitol was subjected to composition analysis using mass spectrometry, and assessed for biological activity. Still relevant to CF related diabetes, the ability of some members of the Bcc to bind insulin was assessed. Results indicated that a minority of strains bound insulin. Furthermore, by using flow cytometry cell sorting and fluorescence microscopy, results also showed only a small number of cells within a given population that bound insulin. In all, this study has added to the knowledge base of B. multivorans but more work is needed to fully understand virulence strategies exploited by this CF pathogen.

Doctor Scientiae / An esterase and lipase producing Burkholderia multivorans strain was isolated by culture enrichment strategies. A shotgun library of Burkholderia multivorans genomic DNA (prepared in E. coli/pUC18) was screened for lipase and esterase activities. Three positive recombinant clones, pTEND5, pHOLA6 and pRASHI4, conferring esterolytic and lipolytic phenotypes respectively, were identified. Full-length sequencing of DNA inserts was performed using subeloning and "primer-walking" strategies. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the pRASH14 plasmid DNA consisted of two open reading frames (ORPI and ORP2) encoding 356 and 350 amino acids, respectively. Database searches revealed that ORPI and ORP2 were homologous to lipases and chaperones from subfamily I.2. In the pTEND5 sequence, an open reading frame consisting of 978 bp, encoding 326 amino acids, was identified. Database searches revealed that this open reading frame was homologous to family Vesterases. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that pHOLA6, plasmid DNA consisted of 1194 bp encoding 398 amino acids and showed homology to family VIII esterases. The primary structures of LipA, EstEFH5 and EstBL from pRASHI4, pTEND5 and pHOLA6, respectively, showed a classical GxSxG motif, which is conserved in many serine hydrolases. In addition, EstBL also showed a consensus SxxK motif, the serine of which acts as a catalytic nucleophile in class C B-lactames and some peptidases.

Le sélénium est un élément trace connu pour son caractère essentiel au développement de nombreux organismes vivants mais également pour ses effets bénéfiques sur la santé humaine. Les recherches effectuées ces cinq dernières années ont renforcé l'idée que ces propriétés seraient dues à la synthèse de sélénoprotéines chez les êtres vivants. Les méthodes classiques d'analyse protéomique ne sont pas adaptées à l'identification ciblée de ces sélénoprotéines très minoritaires. Les travaux de cette thèse ont consisté à développer des méthodes complémentaires plus spécifiques et sensibles en vue de leur détection et de leur identification. Un étalon protéique sélénié stable a été produit pour développer ces méthodes. Le couplage de l'ablation laser et de la spectrométrie de masse couplée à un plasma induit (LA-ICP-MS) a été mis en oeuvre pour la détection des sélénoprotéines après une séparation par électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide (PAGE). Le dispositif d'ablation laser conventionnel a ici été amélioré avec un laser femtoseconde à balayage très rapide permettant une détection plus sensible des sélénoprotéines dans les échantillons biologiques. Une fois détectées, les sélénoprotéines ont été identifiées en spectrométrie de masse moléculaire. Pour cela les sélénopeptides issus de la digestion enzymatique des sélénoprotéines sont d'abord repérés en nanochromatographie couplée à l'ICP-MS puis séquencés en nanochromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem à ionisation électrospray (nanoHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). La procédure en LA-ICP-MS développée a notamment permis la détection de nouvelles sélénoprotéines chez la bactérie Desulfococcus multivorans. La procédure d'identification a été validée sur deux sélénoprotéines purifiées thiorédoxine réductase et glutathione peroxydase carboxyméthylée. La méthodologie développée contribuera à l'identification de nouvelles sélénoprotéines pour une meilleure compréhension des rôles physiologiques de ces molécules chez de nombreux êtres vivants.