NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one) is one of the new explosive compounds used in insensitive munitions (IM) and developed to replace traditional explosives, TNT and RDX. Data on NTO fate and transport is needed to determine its environmental behavior and potential for groundwater contamination. In this study, we measured how NTO in solution interacts with different types of soils and related soil properties to transport and fate behavior. We conducted a series of kinetic and equilibrium batch soil sorption experiments and saturated column transport studies under steady-state and transient conditions. NTO adsorbed very weakly to the studied soils. Adsorption coefficients (Kds) measured for NTO in a range of soils in batch experiments were less than 1 cm³ g⁻¹. There was a highly significant negative relationship between measured NTO adsorption coefficients and soil pH (P = 0.00011). In kinetic experiments, first order transformation rate estimates ranged between 0.0004 h⁻¹ and 0.0221 h⁻¹. There was a general agreement between batch and column-determined fate and transport parameters. However, transport studies showed an increase in the NTO transformation rate as a function of time, possibly indicating microbial growth.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Mark Costello; Committee Member: Eric Johnson; Committee Member: Frank Fresconi; Committee Member: Olivier Bauchau; Committee Member: Peter Plostins. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Alan Washburn. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Kasetinis šaudmuo – tai įprastinis šaudmuo, kurį sudaro dešimtys ar/arba šimtai mažesnių sprogmenų – kasetinio šaudmens vienetų. Kai šaudmuo yra išaunamas nuo žemės ar paleidžiamas iš oro, jo korpusas atsidaro ir jame esantys kasetinio šaudmens vienetai pabyra dideliame plote. Kasetinis šaudmuo – mirtį nešantis ginklas, dėl kurio, skaičiuojant nuo 1965 m., nukentėjo daugiau kaip 100 tūkstančių žmonių. Pažymėtina, kad 98 procentai visų nukentėjusių yra civiliai, o net kas trečias nukentėjęs – vaikas. Šiame darbe atskleidžiamos ir analizuojamos kasetinių šaudmenų techninės savybės, keliančios didžiausią grėsmę civiliams. Taip pat darbe plačiau aptariami tarptautinės humanitarinės teisės principai, labiausiai susiję su kasetinių šaudmenų reguliavimu. Didelis dėmesys darbe skiriamas naujo teisinio instrumento – Konvencijos dėl kasetinių šaudmenų, kuri visiškai uždraudžia konvencijos šalims naudoti, tobulinti, gaminti, jokiais kitais būdais įsigyti, kaupti, saugoti ir pervežti kasetinius šaudmenis, – analizei. Darbo pabaigoje atskleidžiama Lietuvos pozicija kasetinių šaudmenų atžvilgiu ir jos indėlis tarptautiniuose procesuose, siekiant uždrausti šį pavojingą ginklą. / Cluster munitions are conventional weapon containing dozens or hundreds of smaller submunitions. After being dropped from the air or fired from the ground, parent cluster munitions open in the air, releasing and dispersing their submunitions over a wide area. Cluster munitions are deadly weapons that have killed or maimed more than 100 000 people worldwide since 1965. It should be noted that 98 percent of all casualties are civilians, and every third victim is a child. The paper analyses the technical background of the cluster munitions and it looks at what causes the biggest humanitarian harm. The paper further discusses the principal rules of international humanitarian law relevant to the use of cluster munitions. The paper gives much attention to the analysis of a new legal instrument, the ‘Convention on Cluster Munitions’. The Convention prohibits the use, developing, production, acquisition, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions. At the end of the paper the position of Lithuania is revealed in respect of cluster munitions and its contribution in the international processes to ban this dangerous weapon.

ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is exploring technologies to provide low-cost precision fires, applicable across both direct and indirect fire weapon systems. One of these applications involves a forward observer (FO) designating the target with a laser spot and a seeker on-board the munition detecting the reflected energy to allow terminal guidance. This approach, referred to as semi-active laser (SAL) guidance, has been utilized on numerous air-delivered munitions to include bombs, missiles and projectiles. However, the cost of these systems, driven by high quality optics, high sensitivity detectors and specialized electronics, has hampered their migration into gun-fired munitions such as mortars, artillery and grenades. To explore, develop and demonstrate minimal cost solutions, ARL invested in an Army Technical Objective (ATO) called Smaller, Lighter, Cheaper Munition Components (SLCMC). Specifically, SAL seeker hardware, predicated upon commercial components (COTS) and mass production techniques, is being prototyped for use with gun launched projectiles and laser target designators. The seeker system is comprised of several printed circuit board boards, a microprocessor, a quad-photo detector and, a molded optical lens unit. This seeker is designed to rapidly update the projectile boresight angle, interface with other strap-down sensors, and feed data into an on-board guidance, navigation & control (G,N&C) system to allow for projectile maneuvers. The seeker design and basic characteristics are discussed and presented through-out the paper and presentation.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The U.S. Army’s Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor Systems (HSTSS) program has engaged the M/A-COM Corporation to work in the development of a highly accurate, crystal controlled telemetry transmitter chip set to be used in Army and other U.S. military munitions. A critical factor in this work is the operating environment of up to 100,000-g launch accelerations. To support the Army in this project, M/A-COM is developing integrated Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCO) for L and S band, a silicon synthesizer/phase locked loop (PLL) IC, and a family of power amplifiers. Lastly, the transmitter module will be miniaturized and hardened using M/A-COM’s latest chip-onboard mixed technology manufacturing capabilities. This new chip set will provide the telemetry engineer with unprecedented design flexibility. This paper will review the overall transmitter system design and provide an overview for each functional integrated circuit.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Instrumentation for taking dynamic in-bore measurements during high accelerations typically has been limited to accelerations under 20,000 g’s. In munition development and testing, there is a need for telemetry instrumentation that can relay dynamic performance data at 100,000 g’s. This paper describes the development and testing of a stable, regulated, telemetry transmitter that has been successfully tested to 67,400 g’s.