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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

PAS positivity of erythroid precursor cells is associated with a poor prognosis in newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome patients / 新たに診断された骨髄異形成症候群患者のPAS陽性赤芽球は不良な予後に関連する

Masuda, Kenta 23 July 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第21305号 / 人健博第61号 / 新制||人健||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 足立 壯一, 教授 藤井 康友, 教授 羽賀 博典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
22

A case of Durable Complete Response with Venetoclax and Azacytidine in Myelodysplastic Syndrome transformed to Acute Myeloid Leukemia

ramineni, srivyshnavi, Mohammadi, Oranus, Nisar, Ummah Salma, Singal, Sakshi, Jaishankar, Devapiran 25 April 2023 (has links)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of clonal bone marrow disorders characterized by bone marrow dysplasia with myeloblasts <20%, typically seen in older patients. MDS has a significant risk of transformation to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). We report a case of MDS transformed to AML, with sustained Complete Remission and incomplete count recovery (CRi) with treatment. A 78-year-old male with a 2-year history of leukopenia had a workup including bone marrow biopsy (BMBX) revealing intermediate- risk MDS with 13% blasts (Refractory Anemia Excess Blasts II), deletion 20 on cytogenetics and normal MDS FISH panel. He was categorized as revised IPSS score 4.5 on risk stratification. Patient initiated treatment with hypomethylating agent Azacytidine with subsequent improved BMBX with 7% blasts. He continued Azacytidine with dose reductions due to cytopenia only to develop 14% blasts on another follow up BMBX. He continued successful treatment for over 3 years before developing with 40-50% CD 34+/CD117+ blasts in the bone marrow consistent with transformation to AML. He commenced salvage treatment with Venetoclax and full dose Azacytidine as advanced age and performance status precluded transplant options. Repeat BMBX 4 weeks following Venetoclax showed hypocellular marrow, blasts percentage less than 2% indicating a CRi. Two other subsequent marrow exams have demonstrated sustained CRi twelve months after transformation with continued Venetoclax and Azacytidine administration. Around 30% of MDS patients eventually transform to secondary AML. Azacytidine therapy has significantly improved survival and time to AML transformation in intermediate-2 and high-risk MDS patients. Venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor, in treating AML. Based on the results of the VIALE-A trial, the incidence of CR (complete remission) was higher around 36.7% with Azacytidine-Venetoclax (A-V) compared to 17.9% with Azacytidine. The composite CR (CR+ Cri) was higher in the A-V group, 66.4% compared to 28.3% with Azacytidine group. The median overall survival was 14.7 months in the A-V group compared to 9.6 months in the Azacytidine group. Our patient achieved a CRi with A-V treatment and has demonstrated a durable response beyond 16 months in secondary AML which has a bleak prognosis indicating the promise of this new combination treatment.
23

Informing the design of an age of blood crossover randomized controlled trial in patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes to study change in quality of life as a response to RBC transfusion

Sholapur, Naushin Saba 11 1900 (has links)
Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) frequently receive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions to alleviate symptoms of anemia and improve health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Patients can sometimes continue to feel unwell after transfusion and the age of the transfused RBCs could contribute to this observation. Three pilot studies were conducted to inform the design of a randomized crossover trial to determine if fresh blood to MDS patients could improve HR-QoL post-transfusion. A systematic review was performed to inform the background and rationale for the trial. The results showed a dearth of literature addressing the research question. Only two clinical trials have been conducted to date where fatigue and HR-QoL were the primary outcomes of interest. Although results of the trials were negative, several limitations and generalizability issues warrant additional research in this area. Crossover designs necessitate patients have a stable prognosis while being observed; hence, a chart review of adult MDS patients was conducted to assess clinical stability using the following criteria: interval of days between transfusions; pre-transfusion Hb; number of hospital admissions; and severe infections. Results indicated that the majority of patients who had received greater than 3 transfusions within the 6-month observation period had stable disease and were appropriate for a crossover trial. The criteria defining stability will be useful for identifying eligible patients. Finally, an applied qualitative study in adult MDS patients in Hamilton was conducted to inform the selection of an appropriate outcome measure (i.e. HR- QoL tool). Short semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants to elicit information about anemia related symptoms and changes in well-being in response to transfusion. The results of the study support clinical observations that suggest patients do not immediately recover post-transfusion. Findings indicate that an appropriate HR-QoL tool should be short, be disease specific, and have a short recall period. Currently, the Quality of Life-E tool, validated in patients with MDS, fits most of these criteria. In conclusion, data from the systematic review and the two pilot studies suggest that it may be feasible to conduct an age of blood crossover trial in MDS patients where the primary outcome of interest is HR-QoL. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
24

HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS AND DEATHS DUE TO LYMPHATIC AND HEMATOPOIETIC DISORDERS IN OHIO, 1988-1997

Wilcox, Patricia Page 21 January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
25

EXTRARIBOSOMAL REGULATION OF MYELOID LEUKEMOGENESIS BY RPL22

Harris, Bryan January 2019 (has links)
Mutations and deletions in ribosomal proteins are associated with a group of diseases termed ribosomopathies. Collectively, these diseases are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, bone marrow failure, and an increased risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and subsequently acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This observation highlights the role of dysregulation of this class of proteins in the development and progression of myeloid neoplasms. Analysis of gene expression in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from 183 MDS patients demonstrated that ribosomal protein L22 (Rpl22) expression exhibited a greater reduction than any other ribosomal protein gene in MDS. Interestingly, we observed that AML patients with lower expression of Rpl22 had a significant reduction in their survival (TCGA cohort, N=200, Log Rank P value&lt;0.05). To assess the mechanism of reduced expression, we developed a FISH probe complementary to the RPL22 locus and assessed for deletion of this locus in an independent set of 104 MDS/AML bone marrow samples. Strikingly, we found that RPL22 deletion was enriched in high-risk MDS and secondary AML cases. We, therefore, sought to investigate whether reduced Rpl22 expression played a causal role in leukemogenesis. Using Rpl22-/- mice, we found that Rpl22-deficiency resulted in a constellation of phenotypes resembling MDS. Indeed, Rpl22-deficiency caused a macrocytic reduction in red blood cells, dysplasia in the bone marrow, and an expansion of the early hematopoietic stem and progenitor compartment (HSPC). Since MDS has been described as a disease originating from the stem cell compartment, we next sought to determine if the hematopoietic defects were cell autonomous and resident in Rpl22-/- HSC. Competitive transplantation revealed that Rpl22-/- HSC exhibited pre-leukemic characteristics including effective engraftment, but a failure to give rise to downstream mature blood cell lineages. Importantly, there was a strong myeloid bias in those downstream progeny derived form Rpl22-/- HSC. To determine how Rpl22-deficiency increased the causes these deficiencies in HSC, we performed whole transcriptome analysis on Rpl22-/- HSC. Interestingly, alterations in genes associated with both ribosomal proteins and mitochondrial components were observed. We found that protein synthesis was unchanged in Rpl22-deficient HSCs, sharply contrasting the reductions in global protein synthesis that usually accompany ribosomal protein insufficiency. Consequently, we shifted our focus to the dysregulated mitochondrial genes, which were linked to the processes of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism. We observed that oxidative phosphorylation was decreased in Rpl22-deficient HSCs while fatty acid oxidation was increased. Increased fatty acid oxidation is associated with maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cells. Interestingly, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation mitigated this attribute in Rpl22 deficient HSCs. Because Rpl22 is an RNA-binding protein, we asked if Rpl22 was regulating fatty acid oxidation by directly binding mRNAs encoding regulators of fatty acid oxidation. We found that Rpl22 is able to directly bind the coding region of an upstream regulator of fatty acid oxidation, Alox12. Thus, we hypothesized that Rpl22-deficiency increased fatty acid oxidation through increased expression of Alox12. Consistent with this hypothesis, knockdown of Alox12 impaired the function of Rpl22 deficient HSC. Because the increased fatty acid oxidation promotes self-renewal of Rpl22-deficient HSC and blocks their differentiation, we also hypothesized that this would predispose them to leukemogenesis. We examined the potential for Rpl22-deficient HSPC to be transformed upon ectopic expression of the MLL-AF9 oncogenic fusion. Indeed, Rpl22 deficiency increased predisposition to transformation both in vitro and in vivo, in MLL-AF9 knockin mice. Furthermore, Rpl22 deficient leukemias were preferentially sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid oxidation or Alox12 knockdown, indicating that leukemia cell survival was also dependent upon fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, these findings indicate that Rpl22-insufficiency predisposes HSPC to leukemic transformation and aggressive growth by regulating mitochondrial function, providing an explanation for the reduced survival observed in Rpl22-low AML patients. We also sought to determine how Rpl22 may be contributing to another subset of AML known as Therapy-related AML. Most commonly, these patients develop AML after previously being treated with an alkylating chemotherapeutic drug. Interestingly, we found that Rpl22-deficient HSPC are resistant to treatment with these agents, despite having evidence of DNA damage. The ultimate consequence of the insensitivity of Rpl22-deficient HSPC to alkylating agents was that mice given serial doses of cyclophosphamide exhibited an increased incidence of leukemic-like changes. This chemo-resistant phenotype in Rpl22-/- cells was related to increased expression of the DNA repair protein MGMT. Inhibition of this protein abrogated the ability of these cells to survive following treatment with cyclophosphamide. Ultimately, this study implicates Rpl22 as a regulator of alkylating DNA damage repair and suggests that both patients with hematologic or solid cancers that express reduced levels of Rpl22 are at increased risk for development of therapy related AML is they are treated with alkylating agents. / Cancer Biology & Genetics
26

Recherche de nouvelles cibles moléculaires dans les syndromes myélodysplasiques et leucémies aiguës myéloïdes / Identification of new molecular targets in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias

Rocquain, Julien 29 November 2010 (has links)
Au sein des hémopathies myéloïdes malignes, les syndromes myélodysplasiques(SMD) et les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes (LAM) représentent des pathologies complexes ethétérogènes résultant d’anomalies clonales des cellules souches médullaires. Elles sontcaractérisées par une hématopoïèse inefficace provoquant des cytopénies sanguines graves.Les connaissances sur les anomalies moléculaires des SMD et des LAM, notammentà caryotype normal, sont globalement pauvres et leur physiopathologie encore mal connue.Une meilleure définition moléculaire est nécessaire pour une évaluation pronostique plusprécise de ces hémopathies et pour optimiser secondairement les stratégies thérapeutiques.Cette thèse présente un panorama des classifications cytogénétiques et moléculairesactuelles des SMD et LAM ainsi que l’étude de certaines altérations moléculairesrencontrées dans ces maladies.Grâce à l’apport des techniques d’analyse génomique à grande échelle, notamment laCGH-array, notre laboratoire a identifié de nouvelles altérations génétiques, parmi lesquellesles mutations du gène ASXL1, ainsi que des altérations des gènes codant les protéines de laCohésine et des régulateurs de la protéine CBL. Nous avons analysé une combinaison demutations de gène et émis l’hypothèse d’un modèle de leucémogenèse à 4 classes demutations, afin d’apporter des pistes dans la compréhension de la physiopathologie des SMDet LAM. / Among myeloid malignancies, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) represent a groupof complex diseases characterized by clonal abnormalities of bone marrow hematopoieticprecursor cells. They are defined by an ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheralcytopenias. About 40% of MDSs secondarily evolve to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).This risk of transformation is evaluated by several international prognostic scoringsystems like IPSS and WPSS. The WHO classification recognizes several classes of MDSsessentially based on morphology and cytogenetics features, some with a high progressionrisk, like refractory anemia with excess of blasts type 2, others with a low risk, likerefractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts. However, the classification of MDSs is stillunsatisfactory and relevant prognostic markers allowing earlier treatments for patients with ahigh risk of transformation are still lacking. The physiopathology of SMDs and AMLs withnormal karyotype remains unclear. Currently, the only potentially curative treatment isallogenic stem cell transplant, which is feasible for a restricted number of patients and candisplay side effects and failures.A better knowledge of the molecular biology of MDSs and AMLs is necessary for abetter understanding of these diseases and may provide new early prognosis indicators andbetter strategies of treatments.
27

The Role of MEK in Leukemogenesis

Chung, Eva January 2011 (has links)
<p>Hematopoiesis is the continual process of blood cell generation that primarily occurs in the bone marrow of adult animals. Hematologic neoplasms can also occur in the bone marrow and often result from dysregulation of signal transduction pathways. One example is the activation of the Ras oncogene, which has been linked to a variety of different cancers, including hematologic neoplasms. Ras is located proximal to the cell membrane and can activate many downstream effector pathways, thus it is difficult to determine which downstream pathway is mediating oncogenic Ras function. My thesis work focused on the effect of inappropriate activation of MEK/ERK, a downstream Ras effector pathway, in the hematopoietic system.</p><p>Using a retroviral transduction system, we expressed a constitutively active form of MEK1 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mice transplanted with HSCs expressing active MEK developed a lethal myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative disease (MDS/MPN) characterized by the expansion of granulocytes/macrophages (GM) at the expense of lymphoid cell development. Transplantation of active MEK-induced MDS/MPNs into naïve mice did not result in further disease, suggesting that the MDS/MPN is not a frank leukemia.</p><p>Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic molecule that has been shown to play a role in leukemia development and maintenance. Coupling expression of active MEK and Bcl-2 resulted in MDS/MPNs that were phenotypically identical and had very similar disease onset compared to active MEK-induced MDS/MPNs. However, transplantation of Bcl-2/active MEK-induced MDS/MPNs did not result in a myeloid disease; rather, it resulted in the development of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) that was marked by activated Notch signaling. </p><p>These results led us to conclude that activation of MEK/ERK was sufficient to cause a pre-leukemic myeloid disease; however, additional oncogenic factors, such as Bcl-2 and Notch, were necessary for frank leukemia development. Moreover, additional oncogenic factors can alter the disease phenotype and disease course. Future analysis of the interplay between oncogenic factors will help shed light on disease development and aid in the development of more effective cancer treatments.</p> / Dissertation
28

Μελέτη απόπτωσης και οξειδωτικού στρες σε κύτταρα μυελικής σειράς με διαταραγμένο φαινότυπο ασθενών με μυελοδυσπλαστικό σύνδρομο

Σκαρλάτος, Παράσχος 24 January 2011 (has links)
Τα μυελοδυσπλαστικά σύνδρομα (ΜΔΣ) χαρακτηρίζονται από μη αποδοτική αιμοποίηση, αναστολή ωρίμανσης των προγονικών κυττάρων του μυελού και αυξημένη ενδομυελική απόπτωση. Η συσχέτιση του ΜΔΣ με την παρουσία αυξημένου οξειδωτικού στρες και οξειδωτικά τροποποιημένων πρωτεϊνών στα προγονικά αιμοποιητικά κύτταρα του μυελού έχει προηγουμένως αναφερθεί. Πρόσφατα βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα δηλώνουν τη δυνατότητα διάκρισης δύο υποπληθυσμών της μυελικής σειράς βάσει σκεδαστικών χαρακτηριστικών και της έκφρασης του CD45, CD45dim (Neutrophil granulocytic subpopulation-1, NGS1) και CD45high (Neutrophil granulocytic subpopulation-2, NGS2). Ο υποπληθυσμός CD45dim φέρει άωρα κύτταρα, που στην πλειοψηφία τους δεν ωριμάζουν έως τελικού σταδίου[1]. Ο πλήρης χαρακτηρισμός των πληθυσμών αυτών, καθώς επίσης, και η συμμετοχή τους στη μη αποδοτική αιμοποίηση των ΜΔΣ και στην εξέλιξη της νόσου είναι στοιχεία άγνωστα. Σκοπός της παρούσης εργασίας ήταν η διερεύνηση δεικτών απόπτωσης και οξειδωτικού φορτίου (ελεύθερες ρίζες οξυγόνου-ROS) στους υποπληθυσμούς της μυελικής σειράς CD45dim και CD45high. Μελετήθηκαν 17 δείγματα μυελού ασθενών με ΜΔΣ μετά από ανάλυση συνδυασμού 5 χρωμάτων με κυτταρομετρία ροής, για τους δείκτες CD11b/CD16, annexin-V/7-AAD και 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluo-rescein-diacetate(DCF). Η στατιστική ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση του κατάλληλου προγράμματος με μη παραμετρικά κριτήρια (Wilcoxon & Mann-Whitney). Το ποσοστό των αποπτωτικών 7-AAD/annexin-V+ κυττάρων ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένο στα CD45high/ CD11b+/CD16+ της μυελικής σειράς συγκριτικά με τα CD45dim/CD11b+/CD16- κύτταρα. Τα CD45dim και CD45high κύτταρα μυελού με τη χρήση του ειδικού ανιχνευτή των επιπέδων των ελεύθερων ριζών οξυγόνου DCF αναλύθηκαν σε ROSLow και ROSHigh πληθυσμούς. Η ανάλυση με τη χρήση των παραπάνω κριτηρίων έδειξε σημαντική αύξηση του ποσοστού των ROSHigh κυττάρων στα CD45high κύτταρα, συμπεραίνοντας έτσι ότι ο υποπληθυσμός CD45dim έχει χαμηλότερα επίπεδα ενδοκυττάριων ROS εν συγκρίσει με τον CD45high υποπληθυσμό. Ο CD45high υποπληθυσμός της μυελικής σειράς χαρακτηρίζεται από μεγαλύτερα ποσοστά έκφρασης αποπτωτικών δεικτών καθώς επίσης και από τη παρουσία αυξημένου οξειδωτικού φορτίου συγκριτικά με τα CD45dim κύτταρα. Η περεταίρω διερεύνηση του ρόλου των πληθυσμών αυτών στις διαδικασίες ανάπτυξης του ΜΔΣ και στην εξέλιξη της νόσου είναι υπό εξέλιξη. / --
29

Μελέτη εξέλιξης φυσιολογικών αιμοποιητικών σειρών σε ασθενείς με οξεία λευχαιμία και συσχέτισή τους με τα κυτταρικά χαρακτηριστικά των νεοπλασματικών κυττάρων

Χάδλα, Παναγιώτα 20 April 2011 (has links)
Η Οξεία λευχαιμία (ΟΛ) αποτελεί νεοπλασματικό, αιμοποιητικό νόσημα, που οφείλεται στον πολλαπλασιασμό και την επέκταση κυττάρων, που προέρχονται από τους λευχαιμικούς βλάστες. Η φυσική εξέλιξη του νοσήματος είναι η αντικατάσταση των φυσιολογικών κυττάρων του αιμοποιητικού ιστού από τους απόγονους των λευχαιμικών βλαστών και θάνατος, λόγω των επιπλοκών της έλλειψης των ώριμων αιμοποιητικών κυττάρων, όπως λοιμώξεις, αναιμία και αιμορραγία. Θεραπευτικά για την αντιμετώπιση της ΟΛ χρησιμοποιούνται σχήματα χημειοθεραπείας και ακτινοθεραπείας, που έχουν σαν σκοπό την καταστροφή των λευχαιμικών βλαστών και την αποκατάσταση της φυσιολογικής αιμοποίησης. Συχνά η ΟΛ, ιδιαίτερα σε ασθενείς μεγάλης ηλικίας, εμφανίζεται ταυτόχρονα με δυσπλαστικές διαταραχές των αιμοποιητικών κυττάρων που ωριμάζουν ή εξελίσσεται σε μυελοδυσπλαστικό σύνδρομο μετά από χημειοθεραπεία. Από την βιβλιογραφία είναι γνωστό ότι, τόσο η ΟΛ μπορεί να είναι στάδιο εξέλιξης των μυελοδυσπλαστικών συνδρόμων και κατά συνέπεια μετά τη θεραπεία της ΟΛ επανέρχεται η δυσπλαστική κατάσταση της αιμοποίησης, όσο ότι η χημειοθεραπεία καθαυτή μπορεί να προκαλέσει μυελοδυσπλασία. Είναι σημαντική η διάγνωση των πρωτοπαθών μυελοδυσπλαστικών συνδρόμων που εξελίσσονται σε ΟΛ, ως προς την πρόγνωση των ασθενών, αλλά και τη θεραπευτική τους αντιμετώπιση. Επίσης, είναι σημαντική η διάκριση ομάδων ασθενών που θα αναπτύξουν δυσπλασία μετά από χημειοθεραπεία, σε σχέση με αυτούς που δεν θα αναπτύξουν και ως προς την πρόγνωση και ως προς τη θεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση. Μέχρι σήμερα, κατά την εμφάνιση της ΟΛ η διάγνωση υποκείμενης μυελοδυσπλασίας είναι δύσκολη και στηρίζεται σε μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά των ώριμων κυττάρων και στην παρουσία ορισμένων κυτταρογενετικών διαταραχών. Η διάκριση ομάδων που θα αναπτύξουν δυσπλασία μετά από χημειοθεραπεία είναι αδύνατη. Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν να συμβάλλει στην ανάπτυξη νέων πρωτοκόλλων στο λογισμικό της κυτταρομετρίας ροής, που θα διευκολύνουν τη διάγνωση πρωτοπαθών δυσπλαστικών συνδρόμων κατά την εμφάνιση της ΟΛ, αλλά και θα διακρίνουν τις ομάδες που μπορούν να αναπτύξουν δυσπλασία μετά από θεραπεία. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, παρακολουθήσαμε την έκφραση χαρακτηριστικών αντιγονικών συνδυασμών, που εκφράζονται σε διαφορετικά στάδια ωρίμανσης των φυσιολογικών κυττάρων, παράλληλα με την έκφραση των αντιγόνων των βλαστών. Τα δεδομένα αυτά μελετήθηκαν, τόσο κατά την εμφάνιση της ΟΛ, όσο και κατά τη παρακολούθηση της. Τα δεδομένα αναλύθηκαν με συστήματα ταυτόχρονης ανάλυσης και συσχέτισης 15-20 παραμέτρων, με σκοπό τον καθορισμό συσχετισμών που θα έχουν διαγνωστική και προγνωστική σημασία για τους ασθενείς με ΟΛ. Τα αποτελέσματα του ανοσοφαινοτύπου αναλύθηκαν, επιπλέον, με το λογισμικό πακέτο στατιστικής ανάλυσης SPSS 16.0. Για τους σκοπούς της μελέτης αναλύθηκαν αναδρομικά τα αποτελέσματα της κυτταρομετρίας ροής στο μυελό των οστών 148 ασθενών με ΟΜΛ κατά την εμφάνιση της νόσου, κατά την διάρκεια και μετά από θεραπεία. Αναλύθηκε η έκφραση των αντιγόνων CD11b/CD16/CD13 σε όλα τα στάδια ωρίμανσης της μυελικής σειράς, ενώ η έκφραση των αντιγόνων CD34/CD117 μόνο στα άωρα κύτταρα. Τα ευρήματα του ανοσοφαινοτύπου συγκρίθηκαν με τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά των αντίστοιχων μυελών των οστών. Συμπερασματικά, τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι, η έκφραση των αντιγόνων CD11b και CD13 στα μεταμυελοκύτταρα και ουδετερόφιλα των ασθενών διακρίνει αποτελεσματικά τους ασθενείς με de novo ΟΜΛ σε σχέση με αυτούς που εμφάνισαν ΟΜΛ μετά από ΜΔΣ. Στους ασθενείς με de novo ΟΜΛ η έκφραση των αντιγόνων CD11b, CD13, CD16 δεν διέφερε κατά την εμφάνιση της ΟΛ στους υποπληθυσμούς των προμυελοκυττάρων, μυελοκυττάρων, μεταμυελοκυττάρων και ουδετερόφιλων μεταξύ των ασθενών που κατά ή μετά την θεραπεία εμφάνισαν μυελοδυσπλασία, σε σχέση με αυτούς που δεν εμφάνισαν. Επίσης, η θετική συν- έκφραση των αντιγόνων CD34/CD117 στους λευχαιμικούς βλάστες κατά την εμφάνιση δεν συσχετίζονταν με την εμφάνιση ΜΔΣ μετά την θεραπεία. Αντίθετα, η υψηλή έκφραση του λευχαιμικού φαινοτύπου CD34+/CD117- στα άωρα κύτταρα της μυελικής σειράς κατά την εμφάνιση της ΟΜΛ, έδειξε ότι σχετίζεται με την εμφάνιση μυελοδυσπλαστικών χαρακτηριστικών μετά τη θεραπεία. Η ανάλυση των ανοσοφαινοτύπων του μυελού των οστών κατά ή μετά την θεραπεία έδειξε παθολογική έκφραση CD11b, CD13, CD16 στα μεταμυελοκύτταρα και ουδετερόφιλα των ασθενών που εμφάνισαν ΜΔΣ μετά θεραπεία για de novo ΟΜΛ και ασθενών (5/17) που δεν εμφάνισαν ΜΔΣ. Συμπερασματικά, η έκφραση των αντιγόνων CD11b, CD16 και CD13 στα ώριμα κύτταρα της μυελικής σειράς κατά την εμφάνιση της ΟΜΛ διαχωρίζει αποτελεσματικά την de novo ΟΜΛ από την δευτεροπαθή μετά ΜΔΣ. Η έκφραση αυτών των αντιγόνων κατά την εμφάνιση της ΟΜΛ δεν μπορεί, όμως, να προβλέψει την εξέλιξη της de novo ΟΜΛ και την εμφάνιση δυσπλαστικών χαρακτηριστικών μετά τη θεραπεία. Αντιθέτως, η μελέτη των λευχαιμικών φαινοτύπων CD34+/CD117- και CD34+/CD117+ μπορεί να παίξει καθοριστικό ρόλο στην πρόγνωση της εμφάνισης μυελοδυσπλαστικών χαρακτηριστικών κατά τη διάρκεια ή μετά τη θεραπεία του ασθενούς. / --
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Análise citogenética e molecular do gene FOXO3 em síndrome mielodisplásica /

Freitas, Paula Curi de. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Agnes Cristina Fett Conte / Banca: Cleide Largman Borovik / Banca: Cláudia Regina Bonini Domingos / Resumo: Síndromes Mielodisplásicas (SMD) compreendem um conjunto heterogêneo de doenças hematopoéticas caracterizadas por hematopoese ineficaz, que geralmente apresentam citopenias no sangue periférico, medula óssea hipercelular, diferenciação celular displásica e propensão ao desenvolvimento de leucemia mielóide aguda. São classificadas em oito tipos e a incidência anual é estimada entre dois e 12 casos por 100.000 pessoas da população em geral e em até 50 casos por 100.000 indivíduos com idades superiores a 60 anos. A análise cromossômica das células da medula óssea dos doentes ao diagnóstico detecta alterações diretamente relacionadas com o prognóstico em aproximadamente 50% dos casos. Alguns genes também foram relacionados à etiologia e prognóstico das mielodisplasias. O gene FOXO3, um supressor de tumor, embora não estudado anteriormente em SMD, é um dos genes que mais se expressam no tecido hematopoético normal. Alterações neste gene poderiam resultar em hematopoese anormal, pois já foram relacionadas a outros tipos de câncer, com mutações descritas no éxon 1. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar células da medula óssea de doentes com SMD de qualquer tipo, ao diagnóstico, para investigar a presença de alterações cromossômicas e de mutações no éxon 1 do FOXO3. A análise citogenética foi realizada em metáfases submetidas ao bandamento GTG, obtidas de culturas de curta duração de células da medula, sem estimulação mitogênica. Para a análise molecular foi extraído o DNA, realizada a amplificação gênica pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase e realizado o sequenciamento direto do éxon 1. Entre os 25 casos analisados, três (12%) apresentaram alterações cromossômicas clonais isoladas: deleção intersticial do braço longo do cromossomo 5; monossomia do cromossomo 21 e monossomia do cromossomo 22. Todas puderam ser relacionadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) constitute a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic diseases characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis usually with peripheral blood cytopenia, hypercellular bone marrow, dysplastic differentiation and a tendency to evolve to acute myeloid leukemia. They are classified in eight categories by the World Health Organization. The annual incidence is estimated at between two and 12 cases per 100,000 individuals in the general population and up to 50 cases per 100,000 of over 60-year olds. A chromosomal analysis of bone marrow cells at diagnosis identifies changes directly related to prognosis in approximately 50% of cases. Additionally, some genes are also associated to the etiology and prognosis of myelodysplasia. Although not previously studied in respect to MDS, a tumor suppressor, FOXO3, is one of the most commonly expressed genes in normal hematopoietic tissue. Changes in this gene could therefore result in abnormal hematopoiesis, as mutations described in exon 1 have already been associated with other types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate chromosomal alterations and mutations in exon 1 of FOXO3 in bone marrow cells from patients diagnosed with any type of MDS. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on metaphases submitted to GTG banding, obtained from short-term cultures of bone marrow cells without mitogenic stimulation. To evaluate mutations in the FOXO3 gene, DNA was extracted from the bone marrow, gene amplification was achieved by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing was performed. Of the 25 cases analyzed, three (12%) showed clonal chromosomal abnormalities in isolation characterized as the interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, monosomy 21 and monosomy 22. All were correlated to the diagnosis and/or prognosis of patients. No mutations were detected in exon 1, but the 159C>T polymorphism was detected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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