From pioneer times of C. W. Ceram on, many media-archaeology scholars' attention was attracted by on of the most monumental apparatuses - a panorama. Like in a case of many other optical toys, the panorama contains several phenomena of film medium a long time before its invention. In addition to that, the panorama is considered to be the first form of mass entertainment ever. All of its characteristics were defined already by Robert Barker, a British painter and an inventor of the panoramic painting. Contrary to an original way of its commercial exhibiting, a group of panoramas of the late 19th century was produced in a context of nationalist movements in Central Europe. This very group of panoramas is the main object of this thesis. Its main goal is to define an emancipatory-patriotic panorama as a specific media genre. Furthermore, related problems of media constancy, collective identity, and memory spaces are examined.

The main goal of this paper is to trace the formation of nation-states in Central Asia, primarily during the second half of the 19th and the first quarter of the 20th century. Although soviets played a significant role in shaping modern Central Asian political map, local national elites (like Alash Orda and jadids) and tsarist officials had contributed to this process as well. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interrelationship between all these key actors. Key words Central Asia, Bolshevism, nationalism, Turkism, nation-states

The thesis is focused on the process of demise and disintegration of nationalist terrorist groups. The case studies of terrorism in Northern Ireland and Basque region in Spain demonstrate and analyze the development of local terrorist organizations from the beginning to the cessation of violent actions. An emphasis is put especially on the end of armed campaign and transformation of nationalist activities within a legal framework. In the case of Northern Ireland, the focus is put on the activities of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) from the beginning of the Troubles to the Belfast Agreement in 1998. The research in this thesis includes the influence of affiliated political parties - Sinn Féin in this case - on the process of negotiations and the continuation of Northern Irish nationalism after the end of armed campaign. The Basque case is devoted to the development of Basque nationalism since the beginning of the 20th century, the creation and development of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) and its terrorist campaign within both the Francoist regime and Spanish democracy. An emphasis is put on the development of the organization until its official dissolution in 2018, activities of the political parties of the Nationalist Left affiliated to ETA and the attitude of Spanish authorities to...

The thesis submitted by me deals with two interconnected problems. The first part of the text consists of an analysis of changes of the Czech nationalistic discourse, with an emphasis on periods of political crises in the years 1897 - 1899 and 1918 - 1920. I attempt, primarily, to picture the importance of racial analysis - a transcription of nationalistic discourses into biological terms on the background of the struggle for recognition of those public spheres which tried, at the end of the 19th century, to enter the political space defined as the Czech national society. Racial analysis became, within the discourse, one of the strategies of this struggle for recognition and means of expression of opposition against the liberal conception of equality and the state that represented such a liberal order (i.e. the Austro-Hungarian monarchy). Following the First World War, the function of racial analysis changed: this time, racial war discourses helped to preserve the integrity of the national state and the notion of a common national interest. In the second part, which is more analytical and extensive, I try to explain how the modern policy of the Jewish identity formed itself in the given political space. First, I outline the form and development of languages of political identity integrating liberal and...

Sander Roberto Maurano Filho Producing and Consuming the Nation: Ethnography of a Czech National Memorial Abstract Following a research agenda stimulated by Billig (1995), Palmer (1998) and Fox (2008) towards the study of aspects of everyday life through which nations are reproduced, this work approaches the National Memorial on Vítkov Hill, part of the Czech National Museum in Prague. In order to investigate to what extend national cultural productions constrain people's practices and understandings, this research offers an ethnographic study of the production and consumption of the monument, considering practices of consumption and occupation that reproduce, subvert or negotiate its national content and colossal planning. The National Memorial on Vítkov Hill combines memorial, museum, statue and park, which had their meanings re-negotiated by different political regimes during the 20th century. Re-opened in 2009 aiming to 'make sense' of national history, identity and memory in the context of a new, democratic and European Czech Republic, the monument combines official ceremonies, such as military parades and presidential rituals, with permanent and temporary exhibitions with national functions. Although planned to celebrate the nation, exhibitions are consumed by visitors that distort the national...

Industrial and Universal Exhibitions in Bohemia during 1891-1914. Participants and Their Motivation Abstract At first, the work defines four participant groups in connection with industrial and universal exhibitions in Bohemia before the First World War: a) organizers and promoters, b) exhibitors, c) the public, d) "suppliers". In doing so, it examines in particular the institutional base (associations, chambers of commerce, municipal and land authorities, civil service etc.) and the socio-occupational structure. Consequently, there follows a thorough analysis of the most significant motives and goals that led these parties to take part in the exhibitions: a) promotion of industry, crafts and trade, b) edification and entertainment, c) benefits for the town and presentation of municipal politics, d) national motives and country patriotism, e) social prestige. The thesis concludes with the question of to what extent the exhibitions served the function of communication medium among the individual socio-occupational groups on the one hand, and across the ethnic border on the other hand.

The aim of this thesis is to consider Kramerius not priori as a "national revivalist" but as a writer and a publisher. I am trying to point out that Kramerius can use and construct nationalism not only for the "general welfare" but also for his own needs. On the basis of this optics, the education of readers may also seem as an instruction how to become a good customer of Kramerius. As an umbrella term for the access to the sources - travel writings by Kramerius - I choose the New Historicism connecting the literature with historiography and emphasizing on the representation and the genre of the text. The purpose of this work is also to point out constructiveness a number of phenomena, which are often seen as objective. More than anything else, this work is the analysis of stereotypes. Keywords: Václav Matěj Kramerius, travel writings, nationalism, constructivism, the Czechs

The paper deals with analysis of the mass movement, later becoming known as Croatian Spring. It was protest movement which took place in Croatia in the sixties and seventies. The paper also analyses stances and opinions of the leading reform politicians from the League of the Communists of Croatia, such as Vladimir Bakarić, Savka Dabčević-Kučar and Miko Tripalo. The attention is also given to the interpretations of the movement. The structure of the paper consists of short introduction of the Croatian Spring then it moves to sixties in order to explain the reform movement which even gained the approval of the Josip Broz Tito. The shift of the reforms, to those which had touch of national aspect stirred quarrels within the LCC and cause division of the LCC. Mass support across whole Croatia from the public pushed Savka Dabčević-Kučar and Miko Tripalo in decision to carry on with the reforms and demands towards Belgrade. The escalation of the situation forced Tito to finish his support and forced liberal leaders to resign from the LCC. Mass arrests and expulsions immediately took place after.

My thesis entitled: "Robert A. Pape: Critical Presentation of One of the Theories of Suicide Terrorism." Its aim is to critically present the Roberts A. Pape theory of suicide terrorism to the Czech reader. Robert A. Pape's concept is very beneficial as per its point of view on the studied phenomena - detailed and enormous amount of analysis, statistics that his colleagues and him were capable to gain along with the original data interpretation. The core of my thesis is presented by Robert A. Pape's second book: Dying to Win, it also creates the centerpiece of his suicide terrorism theory. It contains the basics of the concept, which is extended in his third and newest book: Cutting the Fuse and partially is and outcome of his first book Bombing to Win. Key words: Robert A. Pape, suicide terrorism, occupation, religion, nationalism, coercive strategy

This thesis "The Bosnian minority in Serbia and Montenegro in the period of disintegration of Yugoslavia" is, based on the theoretical concept of the problem of modern nation and modern state formation, in constructivist approach and its consequences for internal security connected with the existence of national minorities, focusing on setting the problems of forming the national identity of the Muslims or the Bosniaks into a wider framework of the second and third Yugoslavia disintegration. The matter of bosniak nation genesis is focused on the territory of Saniak of Novi Pazar, which is situated in a very sensitive area among Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. The main goal is to answer the following questions: What was the development of the Muslim and Bosniak national identity like in the conditions of peripheral territory of Sanjak? Based on the perception of the local Bosniak national elites, what was the relation of the Bosniak/Muslim minority towards the state, the regime, and the nation it lived in/with like? What correlations between the state, political changes in Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro and the perception of real national existence of Muslim/Bosniak community within these states can be observed? The thesis is not supposed to be a narrowly focused study, but a...