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Thesis ((M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of the North, 2002 / Violence against women ts a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women, which has led to the domination of women by men and to the prevention of the full advancement of women. It is an old phenomenon that was kept secret, and people pretended that the problem did not exist. It wasn't until the feminist activists openly addressed the issue of inequality that included women's lack of rights and low status within marriage and society as well as battering that the taboo topic was changed into a subject extensively investigated. Extensive research on the topic now exists. As is the case in many developing countries, research on violence against women in Namibia is relatively rare. Research regarding the mental health consequences of abuse is virtually non-existent. It is to this area of research that the present study addressed itself. This study aimed at describing and determining the mental health consequences of battering to which Namibian women are subjected. The study followed both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research used in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The measures utilized was an Abuse Disability Questionnaire (ADQ). A demographic questionnaire identifying battered women variables was also utilized. A total of 60 battered women were surveyed and all 60 women completed the questionnaires. In quantitative methods, data were analysed in terms of descriptive statistics. In qualitative methods, closely related data were grouped together under specific titles to serve as categories. The results indicated that Namibian battered women endure physical, emotional, sexual and financial abuse. The results has shown that age, education, religion, employment status and marital status do not matter. Women are still being battered. The results also indicated that Namibian battered women are indeed subjected to various negative mental health consequences.

This thesis is an investigation into the terms of cultural change in north central Namibia. I am primarily concerned with issues of agency in the processes which result in cultural change, and look at both historical and contemporary agents of change in order to determine who and what impacts cultural dynamism, and what implications this has for a newly independent country within a globalised world. These issues are presented through the lenses of Identity, Power and Politics and Globalisation. In this thesis, I posit that traditionally, Ovambo people have not been empowered in decisions regarding cultural change, which has resulted in a sense of cultural 'loss'. This sense exists within the context of culture being seen as strongly associated with the past - past practices, activities, traditions and customs, as well as early development theory which insisted that such things were indicative of a backward and primitive society at odds with the principles of modernisation. In order to progress, such practices were, with and without reticence, abandoned or changed. Contemporary Ovamboland, however, represents a dynamic cultural mélange of traditional and modern life, which co-exist whilst negotiating issues such as the impact of HIV/AIDS and neo-liberal style of post-independence democracy. Therefore, by investigating the cultural shortfall in traditional development theory, and using examples of different forms of cultural development, I suggest that when culture is seen as an important consideration of development, as well as supported as a field of development in its own right, cultural identity becomes clearer, and cultural futures are determined more democratically. In order to demonstrate these ideas, I am drawing from a number of case studies in which I was professionally involved, as well as through interviews conducted in the field. By presenting the differing agendas of international engagement in development work as well as different types of cultural development projects, I will highlight the complexities of development theory in practice, particularly when capital is involved, and how these relate to the wider issues of cultural preservation versus cultural change. / This thesis is an investigation into the terms of cultural change in north central Namibia. I am primarily concerned with issues of agency in the processes which result in cultural change, and look at both historical and contemporary agents of change in order to determine who and what impacts cultural dynamism, and what implications this has for a newly independent country within a globalised world. These issues are presented through the lenses of Identity, Power and Politics and Globalisation. In this thesis, I posit that traditionally, Ovambo people have not been empowered in decisions regarding cultural change, which has resulted in a sense of cultural 'loss'. This sense exists within the context of culture being seen as strongly associated with the past - past practices, activities, traditions and customs, as well as early development theory which insisted that such things were indicative of a backward and primitive society at odds with the principles of modernisation. In order to progress, such practices were, with and without reticence, abandoned or changed. Contemporary Ovamboland, however, represents a dynamic cultural mélange of traditional and modern life, which co-exist whilst negotiating issues such as the impact of HIV/AIDS and neo-liberal style of post-independence democracy. Therefore, by investigating the cultural shortfall in traditional development theory, and using examples of different forms of cultural development, I suggest that when culture is seen as an important consideration of development, as well as supported as a field of development in its own right, cultural identity becomes clearer, and cultural futures are determined more democratically. In order to demonstrate these ideas, I am drawing from a number of case studies in which I was professionally involved, as well as through interviews conducted in the field. By presenting the differing agendas of international engagement in development work as well as different types of cultural development projects, I will highlight the complexities of development theory in practice, particularly when capital is involved, and how these relate to the wider issues of cultural preservation versus cultural change.

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">This study has evaluated the strategic planning and management of the University of Namibia. The crucial objective was to assess the strategic planning process of the University of Namibia to see if the strategic plans were properly developed and also determine how the Northern Campus feature in the overall strategic plan of the University of Namibia. The research has used the body of knowledge on strategic planning and management to investigate the problem. The secondary objective was to develop a theoretical understanding of strategic planning and management. The study will record and develop a case study on the strategic planning of the University of Namibia, and see how planning has been able to address the issue of development. On the basis of the findings, the research has suggested alternative guiding principles of the planning process. At conclusion the research has made numerous recommendations for the decision makers on how properly planning process can be followed.</p> </font></p>

Background: Diarrheal diseases are one of the leading causes in the world that leads to mortality for children under the age of five. A very common factor for an undeveloped country’s lower class is that the access to clean water, sanitation, education and the right nutrition for children are lacking. Part of the nurse profession is to prevent and to make sure that the message is being received by the client in order to reduce sickness. Aim: The aim of this study is to find out how nurses at a state health clinic work preventive to reduce diarrheal diseases among children under five years of age and what obstacles nurses are facing in their daily work when giving preventive advice. Method: The method used is qualitative research. In depth interviews were conducted with six nurses that lasted 30-45 min. Result: To prevent diarrheal diseases the nurses at the state clinic are using a national guideline and they give health education. The obstacles they face in their daily work are communication difficulties due to many different ethnical groups and different languages in the country, poverty and sanitation. Many mothers are working or are infected by HIV and do not want to breastfeed. Conclusions: More research should focus on how to give health education to people in society and the connection between nursing education and practice. Preventive work is a relatively cheap way to reduce suffering and make a whole population healthier. Keywords: Communication, Hygiene, Namibia, Nursing, Preventive work Acknowledgements: We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Sida that gave us a scholarship so we were able to make a minor field study in Namibia.

This thesis is about mapping background radiation in Namibia; specifically in the townships of: Windhoek, Otjiwarongo, Otavi and Tsumeb. No measurements of background radiation in these towns had been carried out before this thesis was done. Even though high levels of background radiation can cause cancer Namibia does not have any laws or recommendations regulating the maximum limits of exposure to background radiation. Our goal was to measure the radiation levels in the four townships mentioned above by using Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters (TLD’s) and carry out instant measurements of background radiation. Then use the results from these measurements to make a map that would be easy for the general public to understand. We have also investigated both the Namibian and the Swedish law to find out if there were any shortcomings in the Namibian law and if it might be possible to use Sweden’s regulations about suitable and appropriate properties in Namibia. The results of the measurements of the background radiation showed that the radiation levels ranged from 0.50 to 2.11 mSv year -1. Compared to the recommended value from the International Conference on Pattern Recognition at 1 mSv year-1the measured values are not exceptionally high. The measurements that were done in this thesis were plotted onto orthophotos of the different townships, thereby creating five maps showing levels of radiation exposure. The levels were colour-coded; green for the lowest, red for highest and yellow and orange for the radiation levels in between. The review of Swedish and Namibian legislation resulted in finding that parts of Sweden’s laws could be applied in Namibia, but some of Namibia’s existing legislation could also be modified to cover radiation exposure. This thesis has concluded that one possible way to mitigate the harmful effects of background radiation and thereby protecting Namibians from acquiring cancer is to expand existing legislation to encompass radiation.

Diss.--Universität Stellenbosch, Südafrika, 1999. / Bibliogr. p. 113-124. Notes bibliogr.

This study explores the impact of sport on the lives of 15-19 year old female participants in the Physically Active Youth program in Namibia by examining how they reinforce or resist dominant gender discourses in their lives through their reflections and conversations on sport and by highlighting discourses of agency that emerge from their perceptions of the role sport may play in their economic and educational futures and their own personal growth and development through sport. In the struggle to resist multiple oppressions within intersecting frameworks of race, gender, class, and age, this exploration of girls’ reflections on sports reveals the normalization of dominant discourses of gender and heterosexism through sport, but also evidence of emerging critical consciousnesses and questioning of the broader processes influencing girls’ participation in sport.

<p>Breastfeeding id important for the health and well-being of infants. WHO recommends globally, exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and thereafter, adequate and safe complementary foods to be introduced and baby to be breastfed for up to 2 years of age or beyond. Exclusive breastfeeding in Namibia is very low, at 26%. The study was designed to assess the group perception and view to appropriate breastfeeding patterns, explore the cultural beliefs of men on breastfeeding, attitudes of men towards breastfeeding and roles and actions of men that support or hnder breastfeeding.</p>

<p>The main objective of this study was to examine how the process of decentralization has affected the rendering of essential services in Namibia, through a case study of the Hardap Region. The main aim of this research was to determine the extent to which the objectives of the decentralization policy have been achieved by the Hardap Regional Council. The main objectives of the decentralization policy of the Namibian Government were to extend, enhance and guarantee participatory democracy and to safeguard rapid sustainable development.</p>