The thesis analysis business environment in Namibia regarding PEST analysis. That means it focuses on detail description of political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment. Namibia gained independence in 1990 and belongs among the more developed Sub-Saharan countries. The analysis desrcibes the development of namibian economy in last 20 years with accent put on recent years.

D.Litt. et Phil. (Folklore) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Ed. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The research explored the long-term relationship between FDI, GDP and host country employment by using sector-wise panel data from 1991 to 2017 in Namibia. The study applied unit root testing and Cointegration test to test for the presence of a cointegration relationship between the variables. Also, a vector autoregression model short-run causality among the variables was examined. In the end, Impulse response functions are estimated. The research found both a short term and long-term causality going from FDI inflow to employment. Impulse responses show that both GDP and employment respond positively to an exogenous shock in FDI inflow. However, the employment response to FDI inflow shock is smaller than that of GDP response. The paper also concludes that FDI has no causal effects on economic growth in Namibia. It means that economic growth is not contributed by the FDI significantly the results in this research have some significant policy implications. Therefore, as the results suggest that the FDI inflow has a positive impact on employment, because of the results, the researcher also recommends that Namibia pursue the policy of attracting foreign firms aggressively and create all the conditions required for attracting foreign direct investment in order to create further employment opportunities.

The exchange rate is one of the most challenging macroeconomic policy issues in any economy. There is a general agreement that policymakers should aim at avoiding real exchange rate misalignment. To avoid real exchange rate misalignment, it is important to identify the equilibrium real exchange rate. To identify the equilibrium real exchange rate it is necessary to understand the drivers of the real exchange rate, and investigate the extent to which the real exchange rate is driven by various determinants. Despite the fact that the real exchange rate is a very important component of macroeconomic policy, empirical investigation of the real exchange rate in Namibia is very limited. It is against this background that the objective of this study is to estimate the equilibrium real exchange rate and the resulting real exchange rate misalignment for Namibia during period 1970 to 2004. It also investigates the impact of real exchange rate misalignment on economic performance and competitiveness. The equilibrium real exchange rate and resulting real exchange rate misalignments were estimated using theoretical models and the application of time series econometric techniques. The fundamental approach model and the model of real exchange rate and real prices of commodities exports were estimated using the Johansen full information maximum likelihood technique. According to the estimation based on the fundamental model the real exchange rate is determined by terms of trade, openness of the economy and ratio of investment to GDP. Equilibrium real exchange rate was estimated and the results showed that the real exchange rate was misaligned. Since Namibia is a commodity exporting country the relationship between the real exchange rate and prices of commodities was also investigated. The analysis revealed that there is a long-run co-movement between real exchange rate and prices of commodity exports. Increase in prices of commodities causes the real exchange rate to appreciate. There was some overvaluation and undervaluation. The VAR methodology was implemented to test the impact of real exchange rate misalignment on economic performance and competitiveness. The analysis revealed that real exchange rate misalignment hampers economic growth and competitiveness. It is important for policymakers to monitor the real exchange rate and ensure that it does not diverge significantly from its equilibrium value. Reduction in real exchange rate misalignment is also important to ensure that the country achieves a high level of export and remains competitive in order to have a sustainable level of growth. As a commodity exporting country, Namibia can have either a flexible nominal exchange rate regime which facilitates slow change of relative inflation rate, or price and wage flexibility to facilitate the maintenance of the nominal exchange rate peg. Alternatively, Namibia is a good candidate for pegging the currency to the prices of export commodities because its export is concentrated on few products. This option implies that Namibia leaves the CMA. However, it is important to note that Namibia is a proponent of regional integration and a move away from the CMA will not be consistent with the plans of SADC to establish a monetary union by 2016. / Thesis (PhD (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Economics / PhD / unrestricted

This study examined the interaction between saving, investment and economic growth in Namibia. The relationship between these variables is central to Namibia’s guiding macroeconomic framework. However, empirical evidence has shown that the relationship between saving, investment and economic growth depends on the country context. This makes it important to understand the policy implications of the interaction between these variables in Namibia. The specific objectives of the study were to investigate the causal relationship between saving and investment and the impact of the saving-investment relationship on economic growth in Namibia. The diagnostic testing using the Johansen cointegration test revealed a long-run relationship between the study variables with one cointegrating equation. The long run analysis was followed by Granger causality tests to understand short-run causal relationships between the variables. Impulse response functions and variance decompositions were also estimated to examine the interaction between the variables. The results from the Vector Error Correction Model showed that there was a positive long-run relationship between economic growth and investment, & savings and investment in Namibia. The Granger causality test revealed a causal relationship between saving and investment, consistent with the long-run analysis. The study implications are that a pro-saving policy can achieve increased investment. However, the long run relationship between investment and economic growth implies that investment should be made on a longer term for it to impact on economic growth. It is therefore recommended that Namibia implements policies to encourage long term investments. This can be achieved through waiving duty on capital goods and offering tax incentives to investors in strategic sectors of the economy.

Small and medium enterprises operating within the agriculture sectors are important entities because of their contribution to the economy. This study's objective was to investigate the factors that influence the performance of agricultural SMEs within the Khomas region. This study adopted the inductive approach in the quest to explore factors which influence the performance of agricultural SMEs in the Khomas region. The study adopted the exploratory design qualitative methods in collecting and analysing data. The population of this study consists of 43 enterprises engaging in agricultural activities on a small-scale basis. Using the convenience sampling method, the researcher identified ten (10) individuals of which seven (7) were farm owners and three (3) were farm managers for participation in the study. The researcher conducted face-to-face interviews with the identified participants using an interview schedule as the data collection tool. The researcher analysed qualitative data through qualitative content analysis. From the analysis, the study concluded that lack of support, lack of formal planning and lack of expertise negatively influence the performance of agriculture SMEs within the Khomas region in Namibia. Financial limitations and the inability of the agricultural SMEs to secure and manage financial resources also have a negative impact on the performance of agricultural SMEs, which leads to their poor performance. The study, however, reveals that agricultural SMEs contribute to economic development through job creation, food production and infrastructure development, and that makes their effective performance significant to the economy. Hence, the study proposes recommendations for the government to provide support to agricultural SMEs, the training of agricultural SMEs to ensure that they have the desired expertise to perform their farming activities, as well as how to manage business operations and create a market for locally produced agricultural products. The study further recommends that agricultural SMEs adopt formal planning to facilitate the effective allocation of resources, as well as track their progress. Implementation of the recommendations would enhance the performance of agricultural SMEs and increase their ability to contribute to economic development.

Law / LL.M.

Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / Since gaining independence in 1990, Namibia has enjoyed a fairly stable economic performance, but its heavy reliance on its natural resources, especially its mineral resources, is at times worrisome. Historically, the country has depended primarily on diamond exports as a major source of foreign exchange earnings and state revenue. The contribution of diamond mining to government revenue has over the years declined from a high of N$1493 million in 2002 to the levels of N$821 million in 2007. Similarly, the contribution of diamond mining to the Gross Domestic Product has decline marginally from N$4.59 billion (16.9 percent) in 2006 to N$3.56 billion (13.1 percent) in 2007 respectively. It is evident that there has been a steady, but progressive decline in the proportional contribution of diamonds to the national income in relation to the other sectors of the economy. This decline can however not be directly attributed to a corresponding decline in the diamond production output, but perhaps due to a decline in diamond demand and lower prices. Based on the fact that diamond production and expansion thereof to offshore operations in particular will continue for years to come and still make significant contribution to the Namibia economy, this study attempts to formulate value addition strategies that could lead to the optimisation of the Namibia diamond economy potential, especially local benefication, as well as increased international competitiveness within the established world diamond markets. To this end, it evaluates the intricate supply and demand patterns in the world diamond market to understand how Namibia could position itself. The study found that there is a clear case for local diamond benefication as an economic imperative and that it is a feasible proposition. However, it must be approached cautiously and within a clearly defined and structured framework. It is recommended that Namibia should pursue the benefication of her unique gem quality diamonds in conjunction with external manufacturing experts and marketers in order to secure a bigger stake in the global diamond pipeline. To this end the government needs to formulate clear incentive strategies and packages for investors and also open the playing field for local manufacturers, without compromising existing relations and revenue streams. Furthermore, it is suggested that Namibia strive to maintain an amicable balance between rough exports and local benefication, whilst expanding the regulatory and enabling environment. Other proposals that will support local benefication and competitiveness of the Namibian diamond economy are diamond branding and marketing through already existing diamond marketing pioneers such as DTC International. Finally, Namibia needs to embark upon strategies to urgently increase its skills base and improve the productivity of its labour force in order to achieve the vision of a flourishing diamond benefication sector.

Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Informal discussions and the work experience of the researcher in the field of health care raised concerns about the problems regarding the sexual health of adolescents. This demonstrated the need for an integrated health care system to promote adolescent sexual health. Against this background the study was undertaken to: • Identify the attitudes of adolescents towards sexual health. • Determine their knowledge of sexual health • Determine what the practice of sexual health by adolescents entail. • Provide recommendations where applicable. Triangulation, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, was used. The findings reflected the following: • A positive attitude towards sexual health, but adolescents are involved in high risk sexual behaviour. • Sub-optimal knowledqë regarding sexual issues. • A need for sexual education by parents and health workers, especially nurses. The following recommendations, are proposed: • Sex education should start at an age as early as possible, at home, by parents. • Health workers should be trained to give proper information and advice to adolescents about their sexual health. • Condoms should be freely available and accessible to all the people of Namibia. • Adolescents should be actively involved in the promotion of their own sexual health. Keywords: Prevention of teenage pregnancy I Sexually transmitted diseases I HIV I AIDS and Sex education. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Informele besprekings en praktiese ervaring van die navorser in die gesondheidsorgveld het probleme rakende die seksuele gesondheid van adolessente uitgewys. Dit het gedui op die behoefte aan 'n geïntegreerde gesondheidsorgsisteem ten einde die seksuele welsyn van adolessente te bevorder. Teen dié agtergrond is die studie onderneem om: • Die houding van adolessente teenoor seksuele welsyn te bepaal. • Die kennis van adolessente omtrent seksuele welsyn te bepaal. • Te bepaal wat die praktyk van seksuele welsyn van adolessente behels. • Aanbevelings soos van toepassing te maak. Die metode van triangulasie, wat 'n kombinasie van 'n kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmedotiek is, is gebruik. Die bevindings reflekteer die volgende: • 'n Positiewe houding jeens seksuele gedrag, maar adolessente is betrokke by riskante seksuele ged rag. • Suboptimale kennis ten opsigte van seksuele kwessies. • 'n Behoefte aan seksuele onderrig deur ouers en gesondheidswerkers, veral verpleegkundiges. Die volgende aanbevelings word voorgestel: • Onderrig ten opsigte van seksuele gedrag moet op die jongste moontlike ouderdom deur die ouers tuis gedoen word. • Gesondheidswerkers moet opgelei word om die regte en relevante advies en inligting aan adolessente oor te dra rakende hul seksuele gesondheid. • Kondome moet vrylik beskikbaar en bekombaar wees vir alle inwoners van Namibië.Adolessente moet aktief betrokke wees in die bevordering van hul eie seksuele welsyn. Sleutelwoorde: Voorkoming van tienerswangerskappelseksueel oordraagbare siektes I MIV I VIGS en seksuele voorligting.