<p> According to Culturally Appropriate and Valid Psychological Assessments for Ethical Use with American Indians (CVE) as cited on the website of the Minnesota Department of Human Services, 26.6% of the state&rsquo;s Native American population who complete a diagnostic assessment take the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2nd edition (MMPI-2) in any given year. As such, a pertinent question is whether the MMPI-2 is an appropriate tool for assessing personality for this population. Nichols (2011) stated that the practicing clinicians who participated in the study failed to use research on cultural influences that may elevate the clinical and validity scale on the MMPI-2 with a specific ethnic population. In addition, Butcher and Williams (1999) stated that the MMPI-2 did not include an adequate normative representation of Native Americans. Furthermore, Butcher and Williams (1999) also stated that most studies about the MMPI-2 and Native Americans have shown numerous methodological flaws. Despite these flaws, proponents of the MMPI-2 continued to maintain that the use of the instrument is culturally valid, and it continues to be the most used personality assessment instrument with Native Americans (Butcher, 2009; Butcher &amp; Williams, 1999). The focus of this qualitative study was to provide a detailed view of six clinicians&rsquo; experiences in administering the MMPI-2 with Native Americans and their use of cultural information to interpret the profile. Using thematic analysis, the results yielded seven themes that were categorized in three distinct domains: A) trauma informs the responses to MMPI-2, B) awareness of clients&rsquo; cultural belief system by the clinicians, and C) clinicians&rsquo; awareness of their own cultural competence and sensitivity.</p>

<p> This somatic, depth psychological, intuitive inquiry explores the transformative and healing effects of the process of remembrance of blood ancestors in body, heart and mind as the Maya, the researcher&rsquo;s paternal ancestors, understand na&rsquo;b&rsquo;al, blood memory, and the way ancestors are brought into present, living relationship through remembrance of ancestral story, culture, and ceremony. This study, based on personal experience, addresses the current lack of depth psychological research and understanding of the healing process of historical trauma within modern indigenous people who have grown up disconnected from the culture of their heritage. Methods used include data collection through journal entries, data analysis through the summary of somatic, relational, visionary, natural and synchronistic changes, and both intuitive and standard thematic analysis. Findings include changes consistent with a shamanic healing journey resulting in an expanded sense of consciousness, spirit and ancestor communication, and an overall increased sense of purpose, wholeness, and wellness. The study compares and contrasts indigenous with depth psychological understandings of ancestors, spirits, space and time, ceremony, balance, and healing. While many commonalities are found, the study suggests that depth psychological language and theory fall short in their ability to fully explain indigenous spiritual experiences. The study also illuminates the potential dangers of assuming that all cultures are the universal heritage of humanity. Keywords: Maya, Ancestors, Historical Trauma, Native American, Popol Vuh, Depth Psychology, Hero Twins, Lady Blood, Rilaj Mam</p><p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 feitosa_mf_dr_botib.pdf: 1038034 bytes, checksum: 025ed2cf3a99ff7d8beb8e163e5fb81a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo foi conduzido em quatro lagoas marginais da porção superior do reservatório de Rosana, bem como no canal principal do rio Paranapanema. O objetivo do primeiro capítulo foi analisar a composição e os atributos ecológicos das assembléias fitoplanctônicas, recurso trófico primário das cadeias alimentares aquáticas. O segundo capítulo trata da comunidade zooplanctônica (Cladocera e Copepoda) e sua distribuição nos ambientes analisados. O terceiro trabalho procura avaliar se a introdução de uma espécie exótica de peixe (Cichla kelberi) pode causar alterações na estrutura da ictiofauna local, com uma possível redução da sua diversidade. Por fim, o quarto capítulo refere-se à alimentação da ictiofauna de pequeno porte, através da análise da dieta e do hábito alimentar das espécies, considerando principalmente a importância da comunidade planctônica para essa fauna. O número total de táxons de fitoplâncton identificados foi de 283. Zygnemaphyta foi o grupo com maior número de espécies, seguido por Chlorophyta e Bacillariophyta. Maior riqueza, abundância e biomassa de fitoplâncton foram observadas nas lagoas, especialmente durante o período chuvoso. O número total de táxons de zooplâncton identificados foi de 72. As lagoas laterais e o período chuvoso apresentaram maior abundância de organismos. Calanoida foi o grupo dominante nas assembléias zooplanctônicas. Os resultados mostraram que no sistema de lagoas laterais as comunidades são controladas por mecanismos ascendentes (“bottom-up”). Um total de 4693 peixes, pertencentes a 43 espécies foram amostrados. A Ordem Characiformes foi a mais abundante, seguida por Perciformes e Siluriformes. Não houve diferenças estatísticas na riqueza, na abundância, na biomassa, na média do comprimento, na composição das assembléias e na diversidade de peixes, comparando-se o período... / The study was carried out in four lateral lagoons of the tail region of Rosana reservoir, as well as in the river/reservoir main channel. The aim of the first chapter of the thesis was to analyze the composition and ecological attributes of the phytoplankton assemblages, primordial trophic resource of the aquatic food chains. The second chapter is focused on the zooplankton community (Cladocera and Copepoda) and their distribution in the study environments. The third chapter tries to assess whether the introduction of a non native fish species (Cichla kelberi) may promote alterations in the local ichthyofauna, with a possible reduction in its diversity. Finally, the last chapter discusses the ichthyofauna feeding, through the analysis of diet and feeding behavior of fish, considering mainly the importance of plankton organisms as a resource. The total number of phytoplankton taxa identified was of 283. Zygnemaphyta was the most specious group, followed by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta. Higher richness, abundance and biomass were observed in the lagoons, especially during the rainy period. The total number of zooplankton taxa was 72. Higher zooplankton abundance was observed in the lateral lagoons and in the rainy period. Calanoids were the dominant group in the zooplankton assemblages. The results indicated that in the lateral lagoons system, the communities are controlled by bottom-up mechanisms. A total of 4,693 fish, belonging to 43 species was sampled between 2004 and 2009. The order Characiformes was the most abundant, followed by Perciformes and Siluriformes. There were no differences in composition, richness, abundance, biomass, mean length and diversity, when compared the periods previous and after the introduction of Cichla. The results showed that the feeding of the river fish assemblages was different from the lagoons... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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abstract: The growing population of American Indian students who attend off-reservation school has been under researched. This absence in American Indian education research, their unique needs, and their growing numbers warrant more attention. To address this absence in education research literature, this study captures the experiences of American Indian students in an off-reservation high school. Through Social Reproduction Theory and Cultural Capital Theory this qualitative study makes known the varying ways that American Indian students in off-reservation high schools comply and resist formal schooling. Through interviews and observations of these students, in addition their teachers and administrators, I document and interpret their experiences. The data suggest that American Indian students strongly connect to and use their tribal identities to negotiate school. By recognizing the rules of the school, these students employ different forms of cultural and social capital, specifically the importance of space and forms of communication. Even though their high school has a high population of American Indian students, they continue to experience challenges in academic success through stereotypical assumptions, expected roles, and structural barriers. Illustrating student identity as effects of the social reproduction process clearly demonstrates resistance, compliance, and agency of these students in their high school. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2014

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un travail descriptif en phonétique acoustique, avec comme objet d'étude les productions des voyelles du luxembourgeois dans la parole native et non native. L'intérêt est de concilier la variation du luxembourgeois, une langue principalement parlée, composée de nombreuses variétés régionales, évoluant dans un contexte multilingue, et son apprentissage dans le cadre de l'enseignement des langues étrangères au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Comme nous partons du fait que l'apprentissage d'une langue implique la connaissance des traits contrastifs des sons, nous nous intéressons aux productions de locuteurs dont la langue maternelle possède des traits différents de ceux du luxembourgeois, comme le français, afin de voir si ces traits sont reproduits dans la parole non native. Les productions vocaliques de locuteurs francophones sont étudiées en comparaison aux productions de locuteurs natifs de la région située autour de la capitale du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, dont la variété sert de référence à l'enseignement du luxembourgeois en tant que langue étrangère. Le but de l'analyse est :- d'étendre les descriptions sur les propriétés acoustiques des voyelles produites dans une variété régionale du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg,- de relever les difficultés de productions de locuteurs francophones qui apprennent le luxembourgeois,- d'interpréter les résultats dans le cadre de l'enseignement du luxembourgeois en tant que langue étrangère. Une partie importante du travail empirique a été consacrée à la collecte des données et la création d'un corpus obtenu à travers des enregistrements de 10 locuteurs luxembourgophones et de 10 locuteurs francophones. Le corpus de compose de 12h30 de parole lue et spontanée, incluant de la parole native et non native du luxembourgeois, ainsi que de la parole native du français. Ce corpus constitue un premier corpus sur la parole native et non native du luxembourgeois et permet de faire divers analyses comparatives. Dans notre étude, nous avons fait des analyses acoustiques sur les données de la parole lue. La méthodologie utilisée a permis d'effectuer des comparaisons entre les données de la parole native et non native du luxembourgeois ainsi qu'entre les données de la L1 et la L2 des francophones. Les résultats ont apporté des informations tant sur les productions natives que sur les productions non natives des voyelles. Ils ont montré que, d'un côté, les productions vocaliques varient en fonction des locuteurs, même si ceux-ci parlent la même variété régionale et, d'un autre côté, les locuteurs francophones apprenant le luxembourgeois en niveau B1/B2 ont des difficultés à produire les contrastes en luxembourgeois, à savoir :- la durée des voyelles longues [i:], [e:], [a:], [o:], [u:] et brèves [i], [e], [ɑ], [ɔ], [u],- le timbre de la voyelle longue [a:] et des voyelles brèves [æ] et [ɑ],- le timbre du début des diphtongues [æi], [æu], [ɑi], [ɑu].Ces résultats, ainsi que les descriptions approfondies sur les voyelles dans la parole native, enrichissent non seulement les connaissances sur le luxembourgeois, mais aussi sur la variété servant de référence au luxembourgeois en tant que langue étrangère. En outre, ils ouvrent des perspectives d'étude sur le luxembourgeois en problématisant l'instauration de règles pour ce type d'enseignement, malgré l'absence d'un enseignement suivi de la langue dans les écoles et l'évolution des variétés régionales sur un territoire géographique concentré. / This thesis is part of a descriptive work in acoustic phonetics, with the aim of studying the productions of Luxembourgish vowels in native and non-native speech. Its objective is to conciliate the variation of Luxembourgish, mainly a spoken language, composed of many regional varieties, evolving in a multilingual context, and the learning of Luxembourgish as a foreign language in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. As we assume the fact that language learning implies knowledge of sound contrast in speech, we investigate the productions of speakers whose mother tongues have different features than Luxembourgish, such as French, to see whether if the contrast are reproduced in non-native speech. Productions of French speakers are compared to those of native speakers from the region around the capital city of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, whose variety serves as a reference to the teaching of Luxembourgish as a foreign language. The purpose of the study is the following :- to extend the descriptions on the acoustic properties of vowels produced in a regional variety of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg,- to highlight the specific difficulties of productions by French learners of Luxembourgish,- to interpret the results regarding the teaching of Luxembourgish as a foreign language.Fieldwork and the creation of a corpus through recordings of 10 Luxembourg speakers and 10 French speakers are an important part of the empirical work. We obtained a corpus of 12 hours and a half of spoken and spontaneous speech, including native speech and not native of Luxembourgish and also native speech of French. This corpus represents a first corpus containing native and non-native speech of Luxembourgish and enables to conduct different comparative studies. In our thesis, we did comparative analyses of the data in read speech. The methodology we used made it possible to compare data of native and non-native speech and also data of the L1 and L2 of French speakers.The results gave information about native and non-native productions of vowels. They showed that, on the one hand, vowel productions vary among speakers, even if these speak the same regional variety and, on the other hand, French speakers who learn Luxembourgish at B1/B2 level have difficulties producing contrasts in Luxembourgish. This concerns :- the quantity of the long vowels [i:], [e:], [a:], [o:], [u:] and short vowels [i], [e], [ɑ], [ɔ], [u],- the quality of the long vowel [a:] and the two short vowels [æ] et [ɑ],- the quality of the beginning of the diphthongs [æi], [æu], [ɑi], [ɑu].These results as well as thorough descriptions of the vowels in native speech, extend knowledge not only of Luxembourgish, but also of the variety which serves as the reference for Luxembourgish as a foreign language. In addition, they open up prospects for studying Luxembourgish by problematizing the introduction of rules for this type of education, despite the absence of language instruction in schools and the evolution of regional varieties in a concentrated geographical area.

Bill C-31, an Act to Amend the Indian Act, was passed by the Canadian Parliament on June 28, 1985. It was intended to bring the Indian Act into line with the provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in part by allowing the reinstatement of Indian Status to women who had lost it after marrying non-Aboriginal or non-Status men. It followed from the efforts of Native women Jeannette Lavell and Sandra Lovelace in court appeals over sexual discrimination in the Indian Act. Yet there were many negative reactions to the bill. Bill C-31 introduced rules governing who could be registered as "Indian." It also contained new rules with respect to children born on or after April 17, 1985. This paper argues that these rules discriminate against children with one parent who is not recognized as "Indian" under the new rules. The primary purpose of the bill was to allow Aboriginal people to create their own criteria for managing the membership of bands. However, it caused a number of conflicts and failed to produce the results Aboriginal community hoped for. There were concerns about the increase in the Aboriginal population as people returned to reserves and inadequate funding to meet the needs arising from such population growth. Many Native persons viewed the bill as a mechanism for assimilation and argued that they should have sole responsibility over the regulation of their own memberships. Recent research on Bill C-31 is limited, in that many authors ignore the personal experiences of those who helped create and were affected by the legislation. For the most part, the literature tends to stress the growth of the Native population following the bill's implementation. A more thorough analysis would yield a greater understanding of the bill's impact on First Nations rights and self-determination. This thesis will incorporate an array of primary sources, including summary reports, scholarly studies, statistics, interviews and personal commentaries. An analysis of secondary sources will also reveal the current state of research on the topic, and show how this thesis provides a new perspective by considering matrimonial real property, blood quantum, court cases and legal Status.

La présente recherche a pour objectif de retracer l'évolution de la représentation autochtone dans le cinéma documentaire québécois depuis ses débuts, en utilisant pour ce faire l'analyse thématique de contenu. De façon plus spécifique, en comparant deux périodes de l'histoire, (1900-1960 et 1960-2007) ce travail a tenté d'établir que les techniques cinématographiques introduites par le cinéma direct au début des années 60, ont contribué à modifier l'image traditionnelle de l'autochtone telle que véhiculée par le documentaire classique. De plus, nous avons examiné le rôle que jouent les pratiques orales du cinéma (boniment, narration, oralité associée aux techniques du direct) dans cette représentation. Enfin, l'analyse filmique de quatre documents audio-visuels (films) a servi d'outil principal pour démontrer l'influence du cinéma direct sur le traitement du sujet, tant au niveau des techniques utilisées que du courant de pensée associé au cinéma documentaire de cette époque.

<p> Migration choice among Alaskan Inuit in the Arctic Alaskan region is complex and multifaceted. Migration patterns are characterized by high rates of out-migration and return migration however, the factors contributing to migration choice are more nuanced. To better understand the driving factors influencing migration a mixed methodological approach is used by incorporating statistical data analyses and informal interviews collected for Nome Census Area and North Slope Borough. Determining the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors influencing migration choice of Alaskan Inuit in Arctic Alaska provides insight into community resiliency and adaptability to regional experiences of social and climatic change. The results demonstrate external investments, employment opportunities, climate change, Inuit cultural practices, and family are important to Alaskan Inuit lifestyle. Results of regression analysis indicate that climate, subsistence, and modern wage economy have the most significant effect on in and out migration in Nome Census Area while in North Slope Borough cultural economy and wage economy balance, family, and external funds have the most significant impact on migration. The factor loadings impacting migration between 1991-2011 explain only 41% in Nome Census Area and 21% in the North Slope Borough. Low explanatory power of the quantitative variables underscores the importance of the non-quantitative indicators, such as importance of family and culture on return migration. Personal interviews further support that the resilience of Arctic Alaskan communities relies on the health of local economy to provide jobs, health care, and education but also on the ability to participate in cultural and familial activities which perpetuates adaptability among Alaskan Inuit.</p><p>

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: This study assessed the extent to which American Indians were involved in the research process (i.e. design, implementation, analysis, and dissemination) in relationship to funding sources and reported limitations in research interventions that addressed diabetes, as well as research method or design. Methods: Systematic searches of The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), Web of Science, ERIC, and PsychINFO identified studies focused on type 2 diabetes in American Indians published between October 5, 2010 and April 30, 2012. Studies selected for inclusion were those that were interventional or programmatic in nature, used a comparison group for statistical analysis and reported patient level or patient related outcomes. Data were extracted and analyzed for study characteristics, reported limitations, funding sources, and extent to which the community was involved in the research process.       Main Results: A total of 6 studies were included. There was no difference between American Indian involvement in the research process with respect to funding sources and reported limitations (p = 0.17 and p = 0.23, respectively). The majority of studies were conducted in a clinic setting (33.3%) on tribal/sovereign land (66.7%). Study design was evenly split between randomized controlled trials and observational studies (50% for both). The most frequently reported intervention was combination/multimodal (50%).       Conclusion: American Indian involvement in the research process was not impacted by either funding sources or reported limitations.