<p> To recall on the past through oral tradition is a source of strength, so why not study the stories and actions of female Native leaders today by analyzing the stories and artifacts they leave behind. With the current political climate, it has become opportunistic and necessary to redefine identity, to challenge the dominant narrative, to question history and plan for the future through critical engagement of the present. This research will provide other Native women leaders, writers, poets and storytellers inspiration and confidence in their current actions and skills, as they are tools in resisting and surviving the various systems meant to exclude and terminate their voice and identity. Although there are many different approaches to understanding the use of storytelling as a tool of activism when occupying a liminal space, I focus on these three areas: the liminal spaces Native people occupy force us to constantly negotiate our identity and voice as a Native person, the use of a modern movement like Standing Rock as liminal space platform, and the application of storytelling a tool of activism. I was drawn to using Standing Rock as a platform for study of liminal space for the complex yet inclusive nature that drew in activists like myself from all walks of life. What I was most interested in were my fellow Native sisters, the female leaders in Indian Country that were present at Standing Rock using their statues and platforms to discuss issues otherwise forgotten through their strengths of storytelling. I want to know how they used storytelling as a tool of activism, how they connected to their perceived audiences and created an urgency to act and if there were any issues of the past resolved in the efforts of the present found within their writings. The communication strategies of storytelling within a liminal space like Standing Rock, provides an opportunity for the reclaiming of Native identity by Native people, as seen with the recognition of the Water Protector identity, and the engagement of new ideas and possibilities in solving complex socio-political, environmental-cultural issues.</p><p>

<p> Stereotypes of Indigenous peoples, formed according to Western notions of cultural hierarchy, as savage, exotic, and only existing in a distant past, are still prevalent in the popular imaginary. These stem from misunderstandings and misrepresentations of Indigenous peoples that developed after contact between Indigenous peoples and European settler communities, and exist in concepts such as the noble savage, the wild heathen, or the vanishing Indian. In this thesis I argue that contemporary artist Gregg Deal (Pyramid Lake Paiute) successfully challenges and disrupts such stereotypes by re-channeling their power and reappropriating them through his strategic use of humor and irony in performances, paintings, and murals. Through these tools, Deal is able to attract audiences, disarm them, and destabilize their assumptions about Indigenous peoples. I frame Deal&rsquo;s use of humor and irony outside the trickster paradigm, drawing instead on Don Kelly&rsquo;s (Ojibway) theorization of humor as a communicative tool for making difficult topics accessible, and Linda Hutcheon&rsquo;s theorization of irony as a discursive strategy for simultaneously presenting and subverting something that is familiar. </p><p> In a second line of argument, I foreground Deal&rsquo;s agency as an artist through analysis of his strategies to reach audiences and gain visibility for his art. Contemporary Indigenous artists are often excluded from mainstream art institutions, and can struggle to find venues to exhibit their work. I argue that Deal&rsquo;s strategic use of public space and the internet to show and publicize his art is significant. It has helped him to reach audiences and gain recognition for his work. He now exhibits and performs in university and state museums. I argue that the authority of museum space, in turn, gives him a greater opportunity to disrupt stereotypes and educate people about misperceptions of Indigenous peoples.</p><p>

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JOSEPH PIERRE KEENE, for the Master of Arts degree in Administration of Justice, presented on June 9, 2009, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: An Analysis of Victim Lifestyle in Assessment of Victimization of Native-American Women MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. George Burruss Native-American women have endured victimization for five centuries. The problem of Native-American female victimization should be a topic of great concern but has not been studied very well. Dugan & Apel (2003) demonstrated that a young unmarried woman, frequently transient, living in an rural setting, having children under the age of 12, and going out every night predisposed Native-American women to violent victimization because "risk" factors were heightened and "protective" factors were jeopardized. However, this theoretical approach involved use of routine activities theory to help explain the situational context of Native-American female victimization, which possibly suggested victim blaming. Therefore, the use of lifestyle theory vs. analyzing "risk" and "protective" factors coinciding with routine activities theory was used to help explore the nature and extent of Native-American female victimization. This study used NCVS data from 2005 (n = 4252 cases; Caucasian (n = 2987), African-American (n = 522), American Indian (n = 104), Asian (n = 91), Hispanic (n = 541), Other (n = 7)) to explore the nature and extent of Native-American female victimization (U.S. Department of Justice, 2007). This analysis contributed to relevant literature in regards to Native-American female victimization by examining contributing factors that were linked to Native-American female victimization, and it also enhanced previous literature establishing the predicating factors that precipitated disproportionate statistical findings of Native-American women having the highest percentages of victimization of any race of woman in the U.S. Findings indicated that higher rates of victimization took place off tribal land more so than on tribal land for Native-American women, contrary to previous literature findings that Native-American female victims encountered higher incidents of victimization on reservations as opposed to non-reservation land (due to lack of prosecution, jurisdictional issues) (Amnesty International, 2007). Further research is needed to explore the lack of prosecution of crimes and conflicts of interest between U.S. and tribal laws in regards to their impact on the victimization of Native-American women. Furthermore, findings of Native-American women having the highest percentages of victimization of any race of woman in the U.S. have prompted further research.

<p> This exploratory qualitative study examined individuals&rsquo; self-identity and sense of belonging related to the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin and the impacts of their tribal connection as enrolled tribal members. It was believed the greater the sense of belonging and connection, the stronger the identity and the greater the impact on the community as a whole. Eight individuals with Oneida ancestry were interviewed about their Native American ancestry and membership, participation in Oneida community, sense of connection and belonging to family and community, self-identity, and congruence with Oneida ancestry and tribal enrollment. Although participants generally did not participate in formal cultural or community activities, they reported connection and belonging to their families and ancestry and self-identified as Native American. They believed their self-identities influence their desires to give back to the community. Based on this study, the Oneida community is advised to: host tribal events related to strengthening identity and building community, develop and incorporate school-age curricula and programs that support Native American identity development, and review and revise tribal membership criteria to support the sustainability and sovereignty of the tribe.</p><p>

<p> The purpose of this thesis is to provide a policy analysis of the Violence Against Women's Reauthorization Act of 2013. Specific emphasis was placed on the prevalence of sexual violence within AI/AN communities and how the legislative act provides protection for people experiencing domestic violence, dating violence, or the violation of protective orders. Specifically, this thesis used David Gil's analytic framework to evaluate the policy; its strengths and limitations, and its impact on tribal sovereignty and tribal criminal jurisdiction. The analysis shows that while VAWA 2013 has worked to restore tribal sovereignty and prevent the act of domestic violence within tribal nations, it has not gone far enough in addressing sexual violence amongst AI/AN women. As a result of discussing these issues, the project demonstrates the importance of addressing the human rights of AI/AN women living on tribal land. Implications for social work are discussed.</p><p>

During the most crucial years of the early republic (1780-1830), Jeffersonian Philanthropy saw the incorporation of the Native American into American citizenry as an ideal cornerstone for the building of the new nation. This assimilation would take many forms, yet the most discussed are intermarriage, the acceptance of Christianity, and the Native influence on the story of the nation's founding. This study examines the ways in which the literary genre of the Frontier Romance portrays, influences, and critiques Native American assimilation and interacts with political and social writing of the early republic. Intermarriage between Native and European Americans is discussed in a chapter on Rowson's Rueben and Rachel, Child'sHobomok, and Sedgwick's Hope Leslie. Christianity and the Native American is discussed in a chapter on Bleecker's The History of Maria Kittle, Brown's Wieland, Sedgewick's Hope Leslie, and the anonymously published work The Christian Indian. Lastly, the Natives role in shaping the American individual is discussed in a chapter covering Brown's Edgar Huntly, James McHenry's The Wilderness, and the third novel in James Fennimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, The Prairie.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 conceicao_gm_dr_jabo.pdf: 864102 bytes, checksum: 2eec85a9cfd668846a6227b1b1172053 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A área de estudo é utilizada para criação de bovinos, que se alimentam do estrato herbáceo e arbustivo-arbóreo. A análise fitossociológica da área registrou 200 indivíduos, distribuídos em 32 espécies, 31 gêneros e 18 famílias. Do estudo Qualea parviflora e Qualea grandiflora são espécies que quando submetidas ao pastejo do gado em área de cerrado, podem apresentar baixos valores de importância. A composição botânica está constituída por 96 espécies, 75 gêneros e 35 famílias. Das famílias encontradas Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae/Faboideae, Fabaceae/Mimosoideae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae e Vochysiaceae foram as mais expressivas em número de espécies. Quanto às demais famílias, o número de espécies variou entre uma e duas. Das famílias encontradas na área em estudo, Poaceae apresentou 22 espécies e 17 gêneros, sendo que Panicum e Paspalum registraram quatro e três espécies, respectivamente. Já Cyperaceae registrou 17 ocorrências de espécies e seis de gêneros, destacando-se Cyperus (sete espécies) e Kyliinga (três espécies). O estudo bromatológico apresentou 53 espécies, sendo 20 pertencentes à família Poaceae, 10 à Fabaceae (Leguminosae) e 23 consideradas como outras espécies. Pelas análises realizadas, constatou-se que as espécies de Poaceae são bromatologicamente distintas das Fabaceae, assim como estas podem ser distintas e/ou similares das demais espécies encontradas na área de estudo. Sendo assim, as espécies vegetais do Cerrado, podem ser uma boa alternativa alimentar para os bovinos criados de forma extensiva tradicional, pelos pequenos proprietários rurais do estado do Maranhão / The area of study is used for loose cattle, which feed on herbaceous vegetation and arbusts. A phytosociological analysis of the area recorded 200 individuals in 32 species, 31 genera and 18 families. Qualea parviflora and Qualea grandiflora are species that when subjected to grazing cattle in cerrado, may have low importance in this area. The botanical composition consisted of 96 species, 75 genera and 35 families. Families found Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae/Faboideae, Fabaceae/Mimosoideae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae and Vochysiaceae were the most significant number of species. For other families, the number of species varied between one and two. Families found in the study area, Poaceae had 22 species and 17 genera, and Panicum and Paspalum recorded four and three species, respectively. And Cyperaceae registered 17 occurrences of species and 6 genera, especially Cyperus (seven species) and Kyliinga (three species). In the bromatologogical study is avalied 53 species, 20 belonging to the family Poaceae, 10 to the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) and 23 were considered of anyother species. For these analyzes, it was found that the Poaceae is bromatological distinct from Fabaceae, as these can be distinguished and/or from other similar species found in the study area. Thus, plant species of Cerrado, can be a good alternative meal for the cattle breeder in extensive system, by small farms of the Maranhão State

abstract: Much of the public discourse promoting Navajo (Diné) language revitalization and language programs takes place in English, both on and off the reservation, as in many other indigenous communities whose heritage languages are endangered. Although Navajo language is commonly discussed as being central to the identity of a Navajo person, this ideology may lie in contradiction to the other linguistic and social means Navajos use to construct Navajo identities, which exist within a wide spectrum of demographic categories as well as communities of practice relating to religion, occupation, and other activities (Field, 2009; Baker & Bowie, 2010). This dissertation examines two sets of data: 1) interviews with eight Navajo individuals whose interests, academic studies, and/or occupations relate to the promotion of Navajo language use in connection with cultural and linguistic revitalization; and 2) public statements made in online forums discussing the language used by Navajos. The interview data gathered consist of ten sociolinguistic (and open-ended conversational) interviews, culminating in over 13 hours of recorded interviews. The findings of this study show enregistered (i.e., imbued with social meaning) features of the dialect of Navajo English as well as insights into the challenges Navajos face while advocating for programs and policies supporting the teaching of their heritage language. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2015

abstract: ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe a new school model for Dine (Navajo) learners where Dine students will experience how to apply knowledge and skills personally, meaningfully, and socially relevant to life situations through the medium of Dine language and culture maintenance. This study explored a new way to perpetuate Dine (Navajo) culture and language through a model referred to as M.A.T.S. (Mathematics, Arts, Technology, Science, the renaming of STEM and STEAM). Oohoo’aah, Na’nitin Yee nooseel Xploria, which translates to a Center for Learning, acquiring knowledge and growing through a Navajo approach to exploration) is a public charter school serving students in grades K-3. As a public charter school ONYX is to serve all of Jeddito Community, with 98% ratio of students qualifying for free and reduced lunch. ONYX will employ dedicated educators and community members with excellent work ethics who are committed to closing the achievement gap, while promoting a creative outlook on the world around them. Students will leave ONYX School with skills in Navajo Language and Culture with a foundation in M.A.T.S. ONYX School’s educational program will be driven by a belief that all learning will be academically rigorous with a well-designed curriculum to students in becoming lifelong explorers of learning and productive members of society. This will allow ONYX to stay true to the mission to promote K’e (relationship in Navajo Culture), respect for self, others, and environment, most importantly to use natural/traditional scientific skills passed on through Navajo culture. In the learning environment, there will be constant and continuous communication among administrators, teachers, parents, and community leaders. This form of instruction is also transferable to learning how to read and write in Navajo. The program will allow for students to use hands on approach with inquiry based learning with a foundation in Navajo traditional/scientific approach to learning. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Administration and Supervision 2016

<p> Canada has a long history of perpetrating violence and discrimination against Indigenous peoples, especially women. State policies and practices have systematically disenfranchised Indigenous women through mechanisms of displacement, assimilation, and marginalization. More than a century of large-scale intersectional violence has embedded complex intergenerational trauma into Indigenous families, further heightening their vulnerability. The &ldquo;public face of law&rdquo; has institutionalized the State endorsement of individual executioners of violence against Indigenous women. For decades, Indigenous peoples and human rights organizations have urged the State to recognize its active role in the violence and launch a public national inquiry. This thesis seeks to highlight the culpability of the State in the contemporary crisis of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls while reasserting the power of the Indigenous woman. My argument is that in order to restore Indigenous women to their rightful place of power and equality in society, the State must both acknowledge and take responsibility for its crimes. </p><p>