Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_francine_sinnott.pdf: 966836 bytes, checksum: 31b75fbc3400564832438403aff0c6e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Neosporosis is a disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Neospora caninum, causing reproductive disorders, such abortions and sltillbirths in several animals, being considered a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. The serological standard diagnosis is indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT), but due to morphological and antigenic similarities of N. caninum with other protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp., false positive results may occur. To improve the diagnosis of this disease and reduce cross-reactions with other coccidian, the use of specific recombinant proteins of N. caninum has been described. The Nc-p43 surface protein encoded by the gene NcSRS2 is specific of the parasite and is present in tachyzoites and bradyzoites of N. caninum. Indirect ELISA format assays have been developed for the diagnosis of neosporosis, however the blocking ELISA may present additional level of specificity. In this context, the objective of this study was develop and standardize a blocking ELISA (b-ELISA) for the diagnosis of bovine neosporosis. To this end, NcSRS2 gene, previously cloned into plasmid vector, was used to produce the recombinant protein (rNc-p43) in prokaryotic expression system Escherichia coli. The purified protein was used to produce a polyclonal antibody (pAb/rNc-p43) in rabbit and this was further purified and characterized by indirect ELISA. For the development of the b-ELISA were used a total of 152 cattle sera (71 negative and 81 positive) and 10 positive cattle sera for toxoplasmosis, all previously confirmed by IFI. As controls, a pool of all positive sera and a pool of all negative sera were used, in addition to a normal calf serum, confirmed by IFAT, used with negative reference sera. The percent inhibition for each sample was determined by comparing the optical density (OD) mean of test sera to the OD mean of negative reference sera. The cut-off value was determined as the percent inhibition of negative pool. The results suggest that the b-ELISA is a tool that can be used for diagnosis of bovine neosporosis, with a sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of 88.7% when compared with the IFAT. Antibodies against T. gondii present in positive samples for toxoplasmosis were not able to recognize the rNc-p43. The b-ELISA showed that serum samples positive for N. caninum is able to prevent the binding of pAb/rNc-p43, enabling detect different class of antibodies in a single assay. This technique is / Neosporose é a doença causada pelo parasito intracelular obrigatório Neospora caninum, causando problemas reprodutivos, como abortos e mortalidade neonatal em diversos animais, sendo considerada uma das principais causas de abortos em bovinos em todo o mundo. O diagnóstico sorológico padrão é a imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), porém devido a semelhanças morfológicas e antigênicas de N. caninum com outros protozoários do filo Apicomplexa, como Toxoplasma gondii e Sarcocystis spp., pode ocorrer resultados falsos positivos. Para melhorar o diagnóstico desta parasitose e diminuir as reações cruzadas com outros coccídeos, à utilização de proteínas recombinantes específicas de N. caninum vem sendo descrita. A proteína de superfície Nc-p43 codificada pelo gene NcSRS2 é específica do parasito e está presente em taquizoítos e bradizoítos de N. caninum. Ensaios no formato ELISA indireto vêm sendo desenvolvidos para o diagnóstico da neosporose, no entanto os ELISAs de bloqueio podem apresentar nível adicional de especificidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e padronizar um ELISA no formato bloqueio (b-ELISA) para o diagnóstico da neosporose bovina. Para tal, o gene NcSRS2, previamente clonado em vetor plasmidial, foi utilizado para produzir a proteína recombinante (rNc-p43) em sistema de expressão procarioto Escherichia coli. A proteína purificada foi utilizada para produzir um anticorpo policlonal (pAb/rNc-p43) em coelho e este foi posteriormente purificado e caracterizado através de ELISA indireto. Para o desenvolvimento do b-ELISA foram utilizados um total de 152 soros bovinos (71 negativos e 81 positivos) e 10 soros bovinos positivos para toxoplasmose, todos previamente confirmados por IFI. Como controles, um pool de todos os soros positivos e um pool de todos os soros negativos foi utilizado, além de um soro normal de terneiro, confirmado através de IFI, utilizado como controle negativo referencial. O percentual de inibição de cada amostra foi determinado pela comparação da média da densidade óptica (DO) de cada soro teste com a média da DO do controle negativo referencial. O ponto de corte foi determinado pelo percentual de inibição do pool negativo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o b-ELISA é uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada no diagnóstico da neosporose bovina, com sensibilidade de 98.7% e especificidade de 88.7%, quando comparado com a IFI. Os anticorpos contra T. gondii presentes nas amostras positivas para toxoplasmose não foram capazes de reconhecer a rNc-p43. O b-ELISA demonstrou que as amostras de soros positivas para N. caninum são capazes de impedir a ligação do pAb/rNc-p43, possibilitando a detecção de diferentes classes de anticorpos em um único ensaio. Esta técnica pode ser uma alternativa de triagem para a detecção de anticorpos contra N. caninum em populações de bovinos.

The main aim of this thesis is to acquire basic knowledge of CAM program hyperMILL 2019 with comparison of the ball nose end mill and circle segment end mill with taper form, economical evaluation and than make force analysis of specimen from aluminium alloy by milling with spindle moulder. Another aim of this thesis is also an analysis of force effects and force directions of the milling tool, advantages by using the circle segment end mill with taper form, the most common types of aluminium alloys and their mechanical properties and next comparison of CAM program hyperMILL with other selected program in the theoretic part.

The diploma thesis contains an overview of the development of numerical control of machine tools and a historical excursion of the beginnings of numerical control. The work deals with the design and presentation of the component, and then the calculation documentation used to determine the load and safety of the component. After computational and design analysis, the work deals with the design of component production on CNC machines and the technological process of production. Finally, the production of the part is documented and evaluated.

Modern machine tools are equipped with control systems, which are the imaginary brain of the whole machine. These control systems are developed, further managed, and constantly innovated by many companies, so it is clear that there is a kind of competition in the field of control systems. The aim of this work is mainly to describe the possibilities of one of the greats among developers of control systems from the company Heidenhain and also a thorough comparison of this system with systems from other manufacturers. Last but not least, other Heidenhain products and their possibility of use in practice will be presented in the work.

Common possibility analysis on milling machine, analysis possibility for programming in workshop oriented milling in system Sinumerik 840D ShopMill. Project alternative manufacturing technology including creation NC programme and technical economic valuation for part of Suspension globular screw in axis X.

This thesis points to the knowledge of milling technologies and the various possibilities by programming CNC machines. Further shortly describes hard materials, with methods of their machining and basics of workpiece clamping. Explains and points out to the various software options Sinumerik Operate 4.4 - ShopMill during processing program of designed component produced by using milling technology.

Much of the bedrock surface of the Southern Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province is covered by a veneer of surficiaI deposits classified as alluvium, colluvium, and residuum. In this investigation the surficial geology of a 60-km² area of the New River drainage system was mapped at a scale of 1:24,000. The area is located within the Eggleston and Newport 7 1/2-minute topographic quadrangles in Giles County, southwest Virginia. The data derived from mapping the surficial geology (particularly alluvial deposits), in conjunction with other field observations and with heavy-mineral analyses, are interpreted in terms of provenance, depositional environment (or accumulation), and preservation of the surficial deposits. In addition, these data are applied to an interpretation of the evolution of the New River drainage in the Valley and Ridge Province during the latter half of the Neogene. The areal distribution of the surficial materials indicates that in a humid, temperate climate deposits of surficial materials tend to be preserved if they overlie carbonate bedrock which weathers chemically but tend to be eroded from shale and sandstone bedrock which weathers mechanically. In carbonate terrains where surface runoff is minimal, surficial materials are let down in place by solution and have been accumulating in a piecemeal fashion over a time period which in some areas may include all of Cenozoic time. Analysis of the transparent heavy-mineral assemblages contained in the modern alluvium and older alluvial deposits of the area indicates that radiation-damaged zircon (intermediate and metamict) is unstable under conditions of subaerial weathering. Earlier workers have suggested that zircon is dissolved by acid ground water. This study supports these earlier suggestions and further demonstrates in a semiquantitative manner that the solution rate of radiation-damaged zircon may be a linear function of time as measured against either tourmaline er normal zircon. The estimated period of time over which the solution rate of zircon appears . to be lil1ear is on the order of 10 m.y. The areal distribution and lithology of alluvial deposits provide evidence which can be used to reconstruct the late Cenozoic evolution of part of the New River drainage system within the Valley and Ridge Province. These data, in conjunction with assumptions involving lithologic and structural variations within the stratigraphic section which has been removed by erosion, suggest that the James and Roanoke Rivers have captured three northeastern tributaries of the New River during the latter half of the Neogene. Within this time period no evidence was found of major changes in the course of the New River itself (except for meander loops) between Radford and Narrows. / Ed. D.

This theses compares the benefits of energy self reliance strategies with the benefits of industrial development strategies to determine which strategies create greater benefits as a method of economic development. A critical factor, which is examined, is the probability of success for industrial development strategies as opposed to the near certain benefits from the self-reliance strategies. The methodology employs a Virginia input-output model using a regional purchase coefficient technique to regionalize the model for the New River Valley Region of Virginia. The strategies are developed based on two distinct expenditure levels, acting as resource constraints on the strategy selection, in order to compare the return on additional expenditures. / Master of Science

The report herein consisted of two objectives, the first of which was a data collection effort in John H. Kerr Reservoir. Ten field monitoring trips were performed between March 30, 1981 and March 3, 1982. The temperature, velocity, and depth data from those trips are contained in Appendix A. Plots of temperature versus depth at the stations chosen in the reservoir are contained in Appendix B. The second objective was an application of the database to Landsat MSS data available during the same period of record. The effects of temperature and total suspended solids on Landsat MSS reflectance were investigated. The effect of increasing temperature was a notable decrease in reflectance especially in Bands 4 and 5. This temperature effect may have been influenced by other water quality parameters that were not measured. The effect of increasing total suspended solids was a pronounced reflectance increase in Band 5. / M.S.

Two species of black bass, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus, are sympatric in both riverine and impounded sections of the New River, Virginia. Resource use (habitat and diet) by the two species was investigated to determine patterns and extent of resource partitioning between them and how those patterns might differ between lotic and lentic environments. Individual fitness indicators (i.e., growth and body condition factor) were also measured to assess performance of populations of the two species in the study areas. Fitness indicators suggested relatively good performance of both species in both river and impoundment, which implied that competitive pressures were not intense. Diet analyses indicated fairly high overlap in prey types consumed. High fitness combined with considerable diet overlap suggested that food availability was adequate, and that segregation in this impounded river system was not on a trophic basis. The two species were found to segregate spatially, with spotted bass predominant in the impoundment and smallmouth more abundant in the river. Spatial segregation was also apparent within both river and impoundment habitat types. / Master of Science