“Contributory intent” refers to the situation where, besides the defendant being at fault and causing harm to the plaintiff, the plaintiff also intentionally causes harm to him- or herself. “Contributory intent” can have the effect of either excluding the defendant’s liability (on the ground that the plaintiff's voluntary assumption of risk or intent completely cancels the defendant's negligence and therefore liability), or limiting the defendant’s liability (where both parties intentionally cause the plaintiff's loss thereby resulting in the reduction of the defendant’s liability). Under our law the "contributory intent" of the plaintiff, can either serve as a complete defence in terms of common law or it can serve to limit the defendant's liability in terms of the Apportionment of Damages Act 34 of 1956. The “Apportionment of Loss Bill 2003” which has been prepared to replace the current Act provides for the applicability of “contributory intent” as a defence limiting liability, but it is yet to be promulgated. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. M.

The purpose of this study is to gather and to present information on the liability structure of our legal system in such a manner as to help the classroom teacher to understand more fully his legal responsibilities and thus relieve him of unwarranted fears regarding accidents and injuries resulting from classroom activities. It is hoped that this study will ultimately contribute to the security of those who read it and give encouragement to those who seek to enrich their classes by means of the experience type curriculum. / Typescript. / "A Paper." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / "August, 1956." / Advisor: Edna E. Parker, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references.

Error in criminal law The aim of this thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the problems of error in criminal law, finding weaknesses in the current legislation and outline appropriate solution. By error any inconsistency of someone's imagination with reality is meant. Knowing the offender's error is a very significant for legal theory, in case of relevant criminal errors it is a very serious consequence for the subjective aspect of the crime. In the Czech criminal law, which is based on the principle of liability for fault, it is an issue, without which this concept was not complete and whose meaning would be fading away. This thesis classifies the problems of error in terms of current legislation, legal doctrine and relevant case law . The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to an explanation of the term error itself, its theoretical inclusion in the context of criminal law and explains its implications. It focuses on the concept of fault, especially its importance and its components, the two faces of it, which are intent and negligence, or on the concept of guilt. Knowing these two concepts is essential for the next orientation in the issue of errors, and indeed in criminal law at all. In the second chapter the work focuses on the historical evolution of criminal law concept of error of the...

Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Nursing Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2012. / Introduction While investigating alleged unprofessional conduct involving nurses, SANC collects a wealth of information which is used as the basis upon which to determine the nurses’ guilt or innocence in respect of unprofessional conduct. No evidence exists that such information is ever used to determine how similar acts of unprofessional conduct could be prevented and/or be used in mitigating the impact of such acts on patient safety. Given that nurses have most interaction with patients, there is much to learn from practice breakdown involving nurses. Methods A four phase cross sectional sequential exploratory mixed method approach using a modified soft system methodology (SSM) methodology was utilised to develop a framework for the integrated management of practice breakdown. Purposive sampling was followed to select five districts in KwaZulu-Natal for inclusion in the study. In addition Operational Nursing Managers, members of the Professional Conduct Committee of the South African Nursing Council, and representatives of organised labour were purposively sampled. Qualitative data regarding causes and current practices in the management of practice breakdown in the nursing profession was gathered from key groups via focus groups, and individual phone calls. Then a survey instrument used to test the elements of the emerging theory was developed. Finally, a framework for integrated management of practice errors is suggested. Results The study found that practice breakdown was a product of both environmental factors such as fallible managerial decisions, and unintended acts committed by nurses. In addition, the types of errors and consequences of error management were identified. Finally, conditions requisite for the integrated approach in the management of practice breakdown were identified and used to develop a framework for an integrated approach in the management of practice breakdown in nursing. Conclusion Creation of a positive practice environment for nurses is requisite for an integrated approach in the management of practice breakdown. / Appendices only available in the Hard copy of the Thesis / D

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar o Jogo das Relações Intrafamiliares (JRI), ainda inédito no Brasil, no estudo dos vínculos de crianças negligenciadas. A Negligência Infantil Familiar (NIF) é a modalidade de maior incidência dentre os tipos de Violência Doméstica contra Crianças e Adolescentes, apesar de ser a menos estudada, o que torna necessário um maior número de pesquisas, para se conhecer as consequências dessa violência ao longo da vida de crianças vitimizadas. Neste trabalho, a Negligência Infantil Familiar foi definida como uma omissão das relações interpessoais e de comportamentos de cuidado ou proteção das primeiras figuras significativas de uma criança: seus pais. Já é sabido que a NIF gera impossibilidades e adversidades ao desenvolvimento saudável de uma criança, bem como angústias intensas e medos que a impossibilita de falar diretamente sobre o trauma sofrido. Neste sentido, o JRI foi desenvolvido, por pesquisadoras argentinas, para facilitar a comunicação da criança sobre seus conflitos e angústias com relação ao seu contexto familiar, cenário da violência sofrida. O JRI consiste em um jogo de encaixe, com figuras de personagens que representam diferentes papéis familiares. É solicitado à criança que construa duas famílias a sua família e uma família qualquer e, após cada construção, é realizado um inquérito composto por oito perguntas. O método da pesquisa consistiu na análise clínica qualitativa por meio do delineamento de Estudo de Casos Múltiplos. Os participantes da pesquisa foram divididos em dois grupos, totalizando vinte crianças entre quatro e seis anos, das quais: dez foram vítimas de Negligência Infantil Familiar e dez crianças sem suspeita de terem sofrido algum tipo de violência doméstica. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Hora de Jogo Diagnóstica e Jogo das Relações Intrafamiliares, de modo a poder comparar os resultados encontrados entre os dois grupos participantes, para, assim, averiguar o potencial do JRI no estudo das relações vinculares de crianças neglicenciadas. A interpretação do material, levantado em cada instrumento, foi embasada na teoria do desenvolvimento de D.W. Winnicott, a partir de referenciais de análise, desenvolvidos especificamente para estes instrumentos, quando aplicados em crianças vítimas de violência doméstica. Como resultados o Jogo das Relações Intrafamiliares demonstrou possuir grandes possibilidades no estudo do vínculo de crianças negligenciadas, pois permitiu que as crianças falassem de suas famílias de maneira lúdica e de modo simples, possibilitando que expressassem como suas relações intrafamiliares foram construídas, qual o lugar que estas atribuem a si mesmas e como percebem os outros membros de sua família. Sendo possível, a partir desses dados, compreender como constroem suas relações vinculares / This research aimed to present the Play of Intra-family Relationships, unprecedented in Brazil, in the study of neglected children\'s entail. The Neglect is the mode with the highest incidence among the types of Domestic Violence against Children and Adolescents, despite being the least studied, what a more research is necessary, to know the consequences of this violence over the lives of victimized children. In this work, the Neglect was defined as a failure of interpersonal relationships and caring or protection behaviors of the first significant figures of a child: their parents. It is known that the Neglect generates impossibilities and adversity to the healthy development of a child victim of violence and intense anxieties and fears that makes it impossible to speak directly about the trauma suffered. In this sense, the Play of Intra-family Relationships, was developed by Argentine researchers, to facilitate the child\'s communication about their conflicts and anxieties with regard to his family context, the violence suffered scenario. The Play of Intra-family Relationships consists of a set of plug, with figures of characters representing different family roles. She asked the child to build two families - his family and any family - and after each construction, we conducted a survey consists of eight questions. The research method consisted of qualitative clinical analysis through the Multiple Case Study. The participants were divided into two groups, totaling twenty children between four and six years, of which: Ten were victims of Neglect and ten children did not suffer any kind of domestic violence. The following instruments were used: Diagnostic Play Time and Play of intra-family Relationships in order to be able to compare the results between the two participating groups, to thereby ascertain the potential Play of Intra-family Relationships in the study of neglected childrens entail The interpretation of the material raised in each instrument is grounded in the theory of development of D.W. Winnicott, from analysis frameworks developed specifically for these instruments, when applied to children victims of domestic violence. As a result the Play of Intrafamily Relationships has demonstrated great possibilities in the study of the relationship of neglected children, as it allowed the children spoke of their families in a playful manner and easily, enabling them to express as their intra-family relationships were built, what place they attribute to themselves and how they perceive the other members of his family. If possible, from these data, understand how they build their interpersonal relations

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Peinado Berberian.pdf: 1387853 bytes, checksum: cd4763d3ddf3f182e0964623e86ee892 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Assessments of cases of suspected negligence with child and adolescent done by social workers make up the core of this dissertation. The questioning regarding the theoretical and methodological repertoire and moral dimension found in these situations become more relevant once the intention of the research is to reveal, in daily work, how these evaluations are materialized from the perspective of those who perform, the social workers. Thereto, apart from bibliographic research on the subject, it was also established - as part of the qualitative methodology - conducting semi-structured interviews with six randomly chosen social workers enrolled in different socio-occupational activities that offer assistance to families, and, among other demands, present situations of suspected neglect. Therefore, the two chapters deal with: 1 - evaluate critically and historically the interface among the Social Work, Children and Professional Ethics, dialoguing with their main characteristics; 2 - present field research, explaining the methodology and the main findings of the research. As part of the findings, there is a moral dimension and the use of value judgments in assessments of neglect, with predominant use of negative values by social workers. Noteworthy is also the perception of "neutrality" by the subject, reiterating the myth of the professional impartiality; the insufficient problematization on the ethical dimension in professional practice. Finally, we suggest the use of the concept of overcoming neglect, considering its current use filled with prejudice, and to review it guided by the perspective of protection and no protection / As avaliações realizadas pelos assistentes sociais sobre situações de suspeita de negligência contra criança e adolescente compõem o cerne dessa dissertação. A problematização do repertório teórico-metodológico e da dimensão moral inscrita nas situações de negligência ganha principal relevância na medida em que a intenção da pesquisa é desvelar, no cotidiano profissional, de que maneira essas avaliações se concretizam a partir da perspectiva dos sujeitos que as realizam, ou seja, dos próprios assistentes sociais. Para isso, além da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada sobre a temática, compôs a metodologia qualitativa a realização de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas com seis assistentes sociais escolhidos aleatoriamente, inscritos em diferentes espaços sócio-ocupacionais que oferecem atendimento às famílias, e que, entre outras demandas, atendem situações caracterizadas por negligência. Os dois capítulos se incumbem de: 1- localizar o leitor sobre a temática e problematizar historicamente o Serviço Social, a Infância e a Ética Profissional; 2- apresentar a pesquisa de campo, explicitando a metodologia e os principais achados da pesquisa. Como parte dos achados, ressalta-se: a predominância do uso de valores negativos, pelos assistentes sociais, nas avaliações de negligência; a ainda percepção de neutralidade por parte dos sujeitos, reiterando o mito de imparcialidade do profissional; a insuficiente problematização sobre a dimensão ética na prática profissional. Por fim, sugerimos a superação do uso do conceito negligência, tendo em vista seu uso viciado e carregado de preconceitos, com a proposta de incorporação de outra forma de categorização, guiada pela perspectiva de proteção e desproteção

Att argumentera till sjöss med andra sjöfarare tillhör det normala och de flesta har fått höra att de inte agerat på ett sådant sätt som är förenligt med gott sjömanskap. Vad det innebär att förfara med gott sjömanskap är svårt att sätta ord på och kan ha sin förklaring i att begreppet saknar legal definition. Trots det, kan den som inte handlat med gott sjömanskap få fängelsestraff upp till två år om gärningen är grov. Gott sjömanskap har studerats ur det straffrättsliga perspektivet för att klargöra vad domstol anser är att agera med gott sjömanskap. Syftet var att belysa och precisera begreppet och studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ rättsdogmatisk metod där rättsfall, lagtext och propositioner analyserades. Resultatet visar att gott sjömanskap är ett sådant betanden som domstol inte bedömer som ett vårdslöst. Vad som är ett vårdslöst beteende har fastställts på ett antal punkter. / To argue at sea with other seafarers is normal and most people have been told that they did not act accordingly to good seamanship. What it means to proceed with good seamanship is difficult to put into words and it could be explained by the lack of a legal definition. Despite this, the one who proceeds without god seamanship risk a prison sentence for up to two years if the act is gross. Good seamanship has therefore been studied from criminal law perspective to clarify what court consider as good seamanship. The purpose was to illustrate and specify the term and the study was conducted using a qualitative legal-judicial method where legal cases, legal texts and propositions were analysed. The result illustrates that good seamanship is what court does not judge as an behaviour of carelessness. The carless behaviour has been determined in some areas.

Erro médico é uma importante causa de morte na medicina humana, estimando-se ser a terceira causa de morte nos Estados Unidos. Podemos enquadrar de modo geral os erros em imperícia, imprudência e negligência. Há ainda na medicina humana um impasse ético entre revelar ou não ao paciente e/ou familiares a ocorrência do erro, o qual estudos revelam que divulgar o erro seja o mais apropriado. Observa-se também a importância de erros médicos em medicina veterinária, que apresenta similaridades com os casos humanos. Tanto em medicina humana quanto em veterinária o profissional envolvido em erro pode responder juridicamente nas esferas civil e/ou criminal. O Código de Ética do Médico Veterinário do CFMV, no artigo 14 inciso I prevê a responsabilização do médico veterinário em casos de imprudência, imperícia e negligência. O profissional da saúde deve sempre atualizar seus conhecimentos, a fim de se evitar a ocorrência de casos de erro médico. Especificamente no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico, a depender da natureza da enfermidade e resposta do organismo do paciente frente a doença, não há obrigatoriedade do profissional no acerto, mas sim na utilização de todos os meios disponíveis para se chegar ao diagnóstico, sempre em comum acordo com o proprietário. Dada a maior demanda tanto de atendimento médico veterinário, pela maior expectativa de vida dos pacientes e maior preocupação dos proprietários em fornecer os cuidados médico veterinários devidos, quanto pela crescente ocorrência de processos judiciais contra os profissionais envolvidos em casos suspeitos de erro, há a necessidade de se desenvolver estudos multidisciplinares nas esferas médico veterinária, jurídica e da relação proprietário-médico veterinário. Assim, este estudo levantou os casos de erro médico veterinário com foco nos erros em diagnóstico da casuística de necropsia do Serviço de Patologia Animal do Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo FMVZ-USP dos anos de 2012 a 2016. Foi analisada a casuística geral e separada a relativa às necropsias documentadas. Os cães forma os animais que apresentaram maior frequência na casuística de erros, tanto na geral quanto de necropsias documentadas. A negligência foi a ocorrência mais frequente, e na casuística geral observou-se uma maior frequência de animais adultos, enquanto nas necropsias documentadas houve mais casos de filhotes. O sistema respiratório se mostrou o mais suscetível a sofrer negligência no diagnóstico clínico, e as doenças mais comumentes negligenciadas são as infecciosas e neoplásicas, respectivamente. Assim, este estudo sugere a necessidade de maior atenção por parte dos médicos-veterinários quanto à anamnese e exame físico, que devem ser cuidadosos, bem como a solicitação adequada de exames complementares necessários para uma abordagem diagnóstica efetiva. / Medical malpractice is an important cause of death in human medicine, estimating to be the third leading cause of death in the United States. We can generally frame errors in incompetence, imprudence and negligence. There is still in human medicine an ethical impasse between revealing or not to the patient and / or relatives the occurrence of the error, which studies reveal that disclosing the error is most appropriate. It is also observed the importance of medical errors in veterinary medicine, which presents similarities with human cases. In both human and veterinary medicine, the professional involved in error may be legally blamedin the civil and/or criminally. The Code of Ethics of the Veterinarian, in article 14, section I provides for the responsibility of the veterinarian in cases of incompetence, imprudence and negligence. The health professional should always update his knowledge in order to avoid the occurrence of cases of medical malpractice. Specifically regarding the diagnosis, depending on the nature of the disease and the response of the patient\'s body to the disease, there is no obligation on the professional to correct it, but on the use of all available means to arrive at the diagnosis, always in common according to the owner. Given the greater demand for both veterinary care, longer patient life expectancy, and greater concern of owners to provide due veterinary care, and the increasing occurrence of legal proceedings against professionals involved in suspected cases of error, there is a need to develop multidisciplinary studies in the veterinary, legal and veterinary-veterinarian relations. Thus, this study has raised the cases of veterinary error with focus on errors in the necropsy diagnosis of the Animal Pathology Service of the Department of Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo - FMVZ-USP for the years 2012 to 2016. We analyzed the general and separate case series on documented necropsies. Dogs form the animals that presented the highest frequency in the series of errors, both in general and documented necropsies. Neglect was the most frequent occurrence, and in the general casuistry a greater frequency of adult animals was observed, whereas in documented necropsies there were more cases of pups. The respiratory system has been shown to be most susceptible to negligence in clinical diagnosis, and the most commonly neglected diseases are infectious and neoplastic, respectively. Thus, this study suggests the need for greater attention on the part of the veterinarians regarding anamnesis and physical examination, which should be careful, as well as the appropriate request for complementary tests necessary for an effective diagnostic approach.

Jean Paul Sartre proposed that: Historical situations vary…What does not vary is the necessity for him to exist in the world, to be at work there, to be there in the midst of other people, and to be mortal there. The limits are neither subjective nor objective, or rather, they have an objective and a subjective side. Objective because they are to be found everywhere and are recognizable everywhere; subjective because they are lived and are nothing if man does not live them, that is, freely determine his existence with reference to them (Sartre 1987: 38, 39). The Existential philosophy as outlined by Sartre, Levinas, and Kierkegaard cares about the lived experiences of individuals. Such a view is in contradistinction to other philosophical views which have a tendency to reduce human experience, or to lose the individual in abstraction. This thesis has a central concern for the ethical care of patients in the National Health Service. In order to explore the concrete experiences of patients it is necessary to consider the care providers. To that end, the individual health professional then becomes the focus of study. To assist in this approach a double narrative runs through the thesis, which comprises exploring ethical decision making in the NHS, and also on the legal concept of clinical negligence. These two concepts are intertwined in that legal hearings and rulings have a normative influence upon health care practice, and also influence public expectations. The explicit purpose of this approach was to ensure that the theory was explored and developed; grounded upon everyday clinical NHS practice, which includes legal and political influences. The first four chapters of the thesis constructs the three main areas of analysis; Philosophical, legal, and political. With this framework established, the critical analysis of five legal cases of clinical negligence (Chapters Five and Six), establishes convergences in the work of Sartre, Levinas, and Kierkegaard in relation to the subject, freedom and the ethical. The Kierkegaardian concept of kinesis is applied to explore the transition from possibility to actuality in ethical action. During this process a range of dynamics are identified in creating the concept as best described by Levinas as totalisation . Where previously the argument was located at the individual (subject) and organisational (system) level, in Chapter Seven it moves outwards to consider how the authentic individual can create a civil society. Given the recalcitrant barriers identified in the analysis, Chapter Eight considers existentialism as a theory of community and as contributing to epistemology. Together these theories are proposed as addressing the real needs of individuals, by promoting their freedom, and achieving unity in diversity. The recommendations in Chapter Nine are based upon the interplay of two main dialectics uncovered in the body of the thesis concerning ethics and epistemology. Deontology, Utilitarianism, and Virtue ethics were found to all contribute towards professional conduct. However, they were found to be insufficient because they reduce patients and health professionals’ existence to the same as everyone else. Further, Virtue ethics reverses the way in which ethical behaviour is evaluated in comparison to the other two main normative theories. That is, behaviour is evaluated against the virtue being foundational, as opposed to the act performed. However, there is no discussion on how the individual health professional would decide which approach to use. All three approaches then lack a crucial factor which is the existential dimension. Existential ethics is then presented as a possible approach to facilitate the development (kinesis) of health professionals to the ethical sphere of care. Existential ethics emphasises the pre-theoretical aspect in caring for patients. That is, it appreciates the individual and their difference, prior to any conceptualization which has the potential to reduce individual difference to sameness. From this perspective recommendations are outlined for facilitating individuals to develop the ethical aspect of care, for health care pedagogy, and for leadership within the NHS.

Erro médico é uma importante causa de morte na medicina humana, estimando-se ser a terceira causa de morte nos Estados Unidos. Podemos enquadrar de modo geral os erros em imperícia, imprudência e negligência. Há ainda na medicina humana um impasse ético entre revelar ou não ao paciente e/ou familiares a ocorrência do erro, o qual estudos revelam que divulgar o erro seja o mais apropriado. Observa-se também a importância de erros médicos em medicina veterinária, que apresenta similaridades com os casos humanos. Tanto em medicina humana quanto em veterinária o profissional envolvido em erro pode responder juridicamente nas esferas civil e/ou criminal. O Código de Ética do Médico Veterinário do CFMV, no artigo 14 inciso I prevê a responsabilização do médico veterinário em casos de imprudência, imperícia e negligência. O profissional da saúde deve sempre atualizar seus conhecimentos, a fim de se evitar a ocorrência de casos de erro médico. Especificamente no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico, a depender da natureza da enfermidade e resposta do organismo do paciente frente a doença, não há obrigatoriedade do profissional no acerto, mas sim na utilização de todos os meios disponíveis para se chegar ao diagnóstico, sempre em comum acordo com o proprietário. Dada a maior demanda tanto de atendimento médico veterinário, pela maior expectativa de vida dos pacientes e maior preocupação dos proprietários em fornecer os cuidados médico veterinários devidos, quanto pela crescente ocorrência de processos judiciais contra os profissionais envolvidos em casos suspeitos de erro, há a necessidade de se desenvolver estudos multidisciplinares nas esferas médico veterinária, jurídica e da relação proprietário-médico veterinário. Assim, este estudo levantou os casos de erro médico veterinário com foco nos erros em diagnóstico da casuística de necropsia do Serviço de Patologia Animal do Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo FMVZ-USP dos anos de 2012 a 2016. Foi analisada a casuística geral e separada a relativa às necropsias documentadas. Os cães forma os animais que apresentaram maior frequência na casuística de erros, tanto na geral quanto de necropsias documentadas. A negligência foi a ocorrência mais frequente, e na casuística geral observou-se uma maior frequência de animais adultos, enquanto nas necropsias documentadas houve mais casos de filhotes. O sistema respiratório se mostrou o mais suscetível a sofrer negligência no diagnóstico clínico, e as doenças mais comumentes negligenciadas são as infecciosas e neoplásicas, respectivamente. Assim, este estudo sugere a necessidade de maior atenção por parte dos médicos-veterinários quanto à anamnese e exame físico, que devem ser cuidadosos, bem como a solicitação adequada de exames complementares necessários para uma abordagem diagnóstica efetiva. / Medical malpractice is an important cause of death in human medicine, estimating to be the third leading cause of death in the United States. We can generally frame errors in incompetence, imprudence and negligence. There is still in human medicine an ethical impasse between revealing or not to the patient and / or relatives the occurrence of the error, which studies reveal that disclosing the error is most appropriate. It is also observed the importance of medical errors in veterinary medicine, which presents similarities with human cases. In both human and veterinary medicine, the professional involved in error may be legally blamedin the civil and/or criminally. The Code of Ethics of the Veterinarian, in article 14, section I provides for the responsibility of the veterinarian in cases of incompetence, imprudence and negligence. The health professional should always update his knowledge in order to avoid the occurrence of cases of medical malpractice. Specifically regarding the diagnosis, depending on the nature of the disease and the response of the patient\'s body to the disease, there is no obligation on the professional to correct it, but on the use of all available means to arrive at the diagnosis, always in common according to the owner. Given the greater demand for both veterinary care, longer patient life expectancy, and greater concern of owners to provide due veterinary care, and the increasing occurrence of legal proceedings against professionals involved in suspected cases of error, there is a need to develop multidisciplinary studies in the veterinary, legal and veterinary-veterinarian relations. Thus, this study has raised the cases of veterinary error with focus on errors in the necropsy diagnosis of the Animal Pathology Service of the Department of Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo - FMVZ-USP for the years 2012 to 2016. We analyzed the general and separate case series on documented necropsies. Dogs form the animals that presented the highest frequency in the series of errors, both in general and documented necropsies. Neglect was the most frequent occurrence, and in the general casuistry a greater frequency of adult animals was observed, whereas in documented necropsies there were more cases of pups. The respiratory system has been shown to be most susceptible to negligence in clinical diagnosis, and the most commonly neglected diseases are infectious and neoplastic, respectively. Thus, this study suggests the need for greater attention on the part of the veterinarians regarding anamnesis and physical examination, which should be careful, as well as the appropriate request for complementary tests necessary for an effective diagnostic approach.