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No description available.

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The current study aims at investigating the mixed effect of family and neighborhood contexts on juveniles’ violence in South Korea. By addressing four different theoretical frames, the current study assumes that family and neighborhood are directly or indirectly influencing juveniles’ delinquency. The target of analysis is respondents of Korean Youth Panel Survey (KYPS)(N=2,248). By using Stata 14, the current study conducted multi-level regression. The current study suggests several meaningful findings as follow: 1) positive family (i.e. parental attachment and parental supervision) and neighborhood (i.e. collective efficacy) contexts directly reduce juvenile’s violence, 2) negative family aspects (i.e. family conflict and emotional strain by family) directly increase juvenile’s violence, 3) negative neighborhood contexts do not necessarily lead to juveniles’ violence, and 4) family contexts mediate the relationship between neighborhood environments and juveniles’ violence. Based on the finding, the current study explains South Korean cultural background, which contributed to the unique findings. In addition, policy implication is also addressed.

There is a particularly robust relation between neighborhood disadvantage and youth conduct problems. Given conduct problems are heterogeneous, it is likely that distinct subgroups of youth who differ in conduct problems and related correlates may be identifiable. The present study identified profiles of youth from a low-income, urban community participating in the Coping Power Program. Profiles were characterized by teacher-reported psychosocial and behavioral functioning assessed at pre-intervention among a sample of 61 fourth-grade students (98% Black/African American; M age = 9.87 ± 0.50; 58.3% female). Auxiliary analyses investigated whether and how these profiles differ on concurrent child-reported conduct problems and contextual (i.e., neighborhood, peer) factors and whether profile membership was associated with post-intervention teacher-reported outcomes. Latent profile analysis identified four profiles: (1) Moderate Conduct Problems (Mod CP; n = 6); (2) Moderate Conduct Problems/Callous-Unemotional Behavior with Moderate Peer Victimization (Mod CP/CU+Mod PV; n = 9); (3) High Conduct Problems/Callous-Unemotional Behavior with Low Prosocial Behavior (High CP/CU+Low Pro; n = 7); and Typically Developing (TD; n = 37). Profiles differed on child-reported outcome expectations for aggressive behavior, such that Mod CP/CU+Mod PV and High CP/CU+Low Pro were more likely to expect aggression to reduce aversive treatment from others. The High CP/CU+Low Pro profile had the most consistent post-intervention improvement across outcomes, though profile responsiveness to the intervention was variable and differed based on how outcomes were operationalized. Findings inform identification of youth from low-income, urban communities who may be at risk for negative outcomes and/or more amenable to preventive interventions for conduct problems. / Psychology

A novel Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) framework for a dynamic environment has been proposed in this study. This algorithm was developed to solve Dynamic Traveling Salesman Problems more efficiently than the current algorithms. Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search based immigrant schemes have been developed and compared with existing ACO-based immigrant schemes in literature to maintain diversity via transferring knowledge to the pheromone trails from previous environments. Numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm can handle dynamicity in the environment more efficiently compared to other immigrant-based ACOs available in the literature. A real-life case study for wildlife surveillance by unmanned aerial vehicles has also been developed and solved using the proposed algorithm.

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The Stockholm Municipality has set inclusion at the core of its objectives for the city with its “Vision 2040: A Stockholm for Everyone”. Acknowledging the divide between neighborhoods, the government has brought forward social sustainability as a key component to improve the fast- growing city. This research focuses on three of the most stigmatized neighborhoods of Stockholm: Rinkeby, Tensta, and Husby, where residents are predominantly of foreign background, to offer an alternative way of understanding inclusion. Specifically, this study looks into the public spaces at the center of these three neighborhoods in a comparative analysis of public life. The collaborative project presented here shows the importance of these centrums in supporting community life in the suburbs. Drawing from Setha Low’s research on public squares in Costa Rica, the following work suggest public space is not only produced by those who envision it, but also constructed by those who use it, through daily processes, behaviors, and habits. These observed patterns carry significance as they forge the character of a place, and address practices and emotions within a collective identity. The thesis puts emphasis on the dynamic nature of public space, the relationship between morphology and use, and the potential neighborhood centers have for becoming hubs of inclusion.

[pt] A pesquisa analisou o ruído urbano e suas implicações, e o Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança, suas necessidades e mecanismos necessários a sua realização, assim como os problemas que podem advir da implantação de novos empreendimentos pela falta de regulamentação das prefeituras que não o adotaram dentro das suas políticas e estratégias relacionadas à urbanização das cidades, onde em razão da crescente industrialização e ampliação dos estabelecimentos comerciais, sem qualquer planejamento prévio. Dentro dos parâmetros impactantes, com a implantação do Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança analisamos o ruído urbano e as implicações geradoras do incomodo sonoro, uma vez que o aumento dos níveis de ruído é crescente e fruto do crescimento desordenado das cidades. / [en] Noise pollution according to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1980) after air and water pollution, is the environmental problem that affects the greatest number of people. It is noticeable the increase in discomfort due to noise and the damage this has caused people in their city environment. With industrial and technological development, various sources of environmental pollution have been causing damage to humans and the environment. From the 70s onwards, noise started to be perceived with greater attention in urban centers as an important agent that attacked the environment and people s health, especially in the most populated cities. The relevance of the noise pollution theme is increasingly significant, as it generates damage that can be irreversible. It is worth mentioning that it is almost impossible to be in big cities and not be disturbed by expressively loud sound sources. In 1980, the World Health Organization treated noise pollution as a cause among the main problems on the planet. He also mentioned that the appearance of insomnia, in addition to a series of harmful health effects such as stress, depression, hearing loss, loss of concentration, memory loss, headaches, increased blood pressure, tiredness, gastritis and ulcers, fall in school and work performance. The fact that must be taken into account is that noise pollution is not a simple problem related to our comfort, but to physical and mental health, where the general population is not at all aware of the existing risks, facing with resignation being a consequence of living in a modern world with risks, among them is the exposure of citizens to the effects of noise pollution.