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My research looks at the way that changing neighborhood racial composition impacts property values. Housing market reactions to changing neighborhood racial composition may be one of the primary reasons for persistently high levels of black-white residential segregation. Most of the previous research on this topic was done in the 1960's and 1970's, and there is reason to expect that the patterns may have shifted since then. By focusing on the 1990-2005 time period, my research significantly updates the age-old question of "Do property values drop when blacks move in?" The geographical focus of this project is the greater Philadelphia Metropolitan area, however, the patterns observed are likely similar to other US post-industrial cities, particularly of the Northeast and Midwest. Recent home sales transactions are used to estimate property values by tract, which in turn is used to calculate home value appreciation. Decennial census data is used to quantify the shift in neighborhood racial composition, and National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) data is used to examine whether or not school district racial composition has a separate impact more significant than neighborhood racial composition. The major finding is that neighborhoods which experienced substantial racial transition had lower levels of home value appreciation than comparable predominately white neighborhoods. My results suggest that the dynamics of the housing market further exacerbate the racial inequality that is already present in the labor market and in educational attainment, which subsequently contributes to a large and persistent racial wealth gap. / Sociology

本文環繞香港都市的一個邊緣社區，探討深水埗居民的生活。從當地人的角度，研究後工業社會的弱勢居民，怎樣體驗，應對及理解他們的生活情況。透過了解居民的日常生活，本論文旨在探究在社會結構與文化進程的互動下，如何令深水埗成為香港中心的邊緣社區。研究顯示在香港不斷轉變的政治經濟環境下，深水埗的地區性發展、低成本經濟、居民的組合，以及居民的心態和行為，都是構成邊緣社區的重要因素。 / This is an ethnographic study of a marginal neighbourhood of Hong Kong, Sham Shui Po. It focuses on the everyday lives of Hong Kong's urban poor in Sham Shui Po. By taking an insider's point of view, this study examines how underprivileged residents experience, manage and think about their lives in post-industrial urban Hong Kong. This study seeks to understand the social structures and cultural processes that contribute to Sham Shui Po's marginality in the centre of Hong Kong by exploring the lives and livelihoods of underprivileged residents. I show how Sham Shui Po's regional development, low-cost economy, residential composition, as well as the mindset and behaviour of its residents all contribute to making of a marginal neighbourhood in the context of post-industrial Hong Kong. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Christopher Cheng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-155). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Sham Shui Po as a marginal neighbourhood in Hong Kong / Poverty / Marginalisation / Reproduction of poverty / Neighbourhood / Methodology / Fieldwork / Limitations and ethical concerns / Thesis organisation / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- THE SETTING --- p.22 / Central position yet marginal character / Living in a tong⁴ lau⁴ / Geographies of centrality and marginality / Sham Shui Po and the modernisation of Hong Kong / Neighbourhood characteristics / Chapter 1 --- The tong⁴ lau⁴ streets / Chapter 2 --- Street markets and the leftover effects of yesteryears / Chapter 3 --- Low-cost economy and residents / Chapter 4 --- Community service agencies / Sham Shui Po as a unique setting / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SIX POOR FAMILIES --- p.46 / Introducing six Sham Shui Po families / Case 1 Uncle Leung--An earlier generation Chinese migrant / Case 2 Ms. Tang Yuk-yip--A Mainland welfare mother / Case 3 Uncle Mok--An elderly Hong Kong man / Case 4 Uncle Kwok--A remarried Hong Kong father / Case 5 Patrick Lau--A low-income Hong Kong father / Case 6 Makala Sariwa--A Filipina single parent seeking asylum / Variations in social marginalisation / Hidden in society: Unfulfilled promises, shame and social debt / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SURVIVAL STRATEGIES --- p.72 / Survival strategies / Strategy 1: Low-cost lifestyle / Strategy 2: Initiatives of a marginal neighbourhood / Strategy 3: Sharing and mutual exchange networks / Strategy 4: Institutional services / The relationship between the different strategies / Surviving in Sham Shui Po / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- POVERTY AS LIVED EXPERIENCE --- p.101 / Becoming poor / Fate and situational determinants of poverty / Being poor / Celebrations / “Being poor may do you some good!“ / Shame, guilt and loss of face / “We aren’t that poor!“ / Aspiring to overcome poverty / Valuing educating / Moving on / Explaining and challenging the notions of inequality / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION: A MARGINAL NEIGHBOURHOOD --- p.123 / Chapter 1 --- Historical development / Chapter 2 --- Low-cost economy / Chapter 3 --- The people of Sham Shui Po and the making of a “mixed place“ / Chapter 4 --- Marginal lives, marginal livelihoods / Chapter APPENDIX 1 --- REFLECTIONS ON FIELDWORK --- p.130 / Chapter APPENDIX 2 --- SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MY INFORMANTS --- p.132 / Chapter APPENDIX 3 --- SUPPORT SERVICES & ORGANISATIONS --- p.134 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.149

The purposes of this thesis were: 1. to learn more about neighbourhood stability and 2. to examine the interrelationships between neighbourhood stability, residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood and their attitudes toward environmental change. Earlier studies revealed that residents frequently resist environmental change in their neighbourhood, therefore, it was hypothesized that as neighbourhood stability increases, residents' attitudes toward environmental change would become less favourable. In contrast, it was hypothesized that residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood would become more favourable as neighbourhood stability increases. Finally, it was hypothesized that as residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood become more favourable, their attitudes toward environmental change would become less favourable. The literature and interviews with municipal planners helped clarify the meaning of neighbourhood stability, while the hypotheses were tested using data collected during the 1984 construction of the Advanced Light Rapid Transit(ALRT) system in east Vancouver. The data were collected from over 600 residents located near the Broadway, Nanaimo, 29th Avenue and Joyce ALRT stations. Indices of neighbourhood stability, favourable attitudes toward environmental change and favourable attitudes toward the neighbourhood were created and compared using analysis of variance. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test the three hypotheses. The findings did not provide conclusive support for the hypotheses. However, the findings suggested that as neighbourhood stability increases, residents' attitudes toward environmental change become slightly less favourable, while their attitudes toward the neighbourhood tend to become more favourable. Furthermore, as residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood become more favourable, their attitudes toward environmental change also become more favourable. Regardless of the stability of the neighbourhood, residents were neither favourable nor unfavourable toward change in their neighbourhood. The thesis concludes with a discussion of neighbourhood stability, the role of municipal planners and the responsibilities of the three levels of government in maintaining stable neighbourhoods. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate