This dissertation examines the effects of jingjie 境界 discourse on the development of Neo-Confucianism in 12th-18th century China and Korea. Jingjie, a multilayered term whose meanings include “territory,” “spiritual realm,” and “poetic landscape,” has largely been studied as a philosophical idea and aesthetic trope. These investigations, however, often overlook the connection between jingjie’s diverse meanings and the term’s role in the production of territorial knowledge. Using the method of discourse analysis, this study explores jingjie as a discourse of territoriality that constructed and represented forms of space, power, and identity through the process of horizontal and vertical territorialization, traversing geopolitics, philosophy, and poetry. The development of Neo-Confucianism can be traced through the intricate interplay of the multiple discourses of jingjie, particularly in the conception of sagely learning and living. The “jingjie of the sages,” proposed by Neo-Confucians as a new subject of inquiry and goal of learning, was conceived as a moral and spiritual territory to be claimed and reached, a poetic territory to be experienced, and a geopolitical territory to be restored. The most pronounced expression of Neo-Confucian jingjie discourse is found in the discursive development of Wuyi Mountains and its Nine Bends Stream (Wuyi Jiuqu 武夷九曲). Well-known because of its association with Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200 AD), Wuyi Nine Bends jingjie as a geopolitical territory developed into both the physical and symbolic centre of Cheng-Zhu learning, and was recreated throughout China and Korea as a sign of legitimate orthodoxy and as a base for factional expansion. As a poetic territory, Wuyi emerged as an important site of shared cultural memory, forging bonds between Neo-Confucians across generations. The discussion of Wuyi as a philosophical jingjie revolved around the interpretation of Zhu Xi’s poem “The Boat Song of Wuyi’s Nine Bends 武夷九曲櫂歌,” which became the source of hermeneutic debate that lasted for several centuries and contributed to an important philosophical literature. On the whole, by examining the development of Neo-Confucianism in light of the traditional discursive context of jingjie, this study reveals how the philosophical, political, and cultural movement was conceived and understood by the Neo-Confucians themselves as the joining together of different modes of territoriality, thus providing a richer, more nuanced and complex picture of the development of Neo-Confucianism in China and Korea from 12th-18th centuries.

This dissertation examines the effects of jingjie 境界 discourse on the development of Neo-Confucianism in 12th-18th century China and Korea. Jingjie, a multilayered term whose meanings include “territory,” “spiritual realm,” and “poetic landscape,” has largely been studied as a philosophical idea and aesthetic trope. These investigations, however, often overlook the connection between jingjie’s diverse meanings and the term’s role in the production of territorial knowledge. Using the method of discourse analysis, this study explores jingjie as a discourse of territoriality that constructed and represented forms of space, power, and identity through the process of horizontal and vertical territorialization, traversing geopolitics, philosophy, and poetry. The development of Neo-Confucianism can be traced through the intricate interplay of the multiple discourses of jingjie, particularly in the conception of sagely learning and living. The “jingjie of the sages,” proposed by Neo-Confucians as a new subject of inquiry and goal of learning, was conceived as a moral and spiritual territory to be claimed and reached, a poetic territory to be experienced, and a geopolitical territory to be restored. The most pronounced expression of Neo-Confucian jingjie discourse is found in the discursive development of Wuyi Mountains and its Nine Bends Stream (Wuyi Jiuqu 武夷九曲). Well-known because of its association with Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200 AD), Wuyi Nine Bends jingjie as a geopolitical territory developed into both the physical and symbolic centre of Cheng-Zhu learning, and was recreated throughout China and Korea as a sign of legitimate orthodoxy and as a base for factional expansion. As a poetic territory, Wuyi emerged as an important site of shared cultural memory, forging bonds between Neo-Confucians across generations. The discussion of Wuyi as a philosophical jingjie revolved around the interpretation of Zhu Xi’s poem “The Boat Song of Wuyi’s Nine Bends 武夷九曲櫂歌,” which became the source of hermeneutic debate that lasted for several centuries and contributed to an important philosophical literature. On the whole, by examining the development of Neo-Confucianism in light of the traditional discursive context of jingjie, this study reveals how the philosophical, political, and cultural movement was conceived and understood by the Neo-Confucians themselves as the joining together of different modes of territoriality, thus providing a richer, more nuanced and complex picture of the development of Neo-Confucianism in China and Korea from 12th-18th centuries.

The People¡¦s Republic of China has been growing into a financially dominant country in company with its open-door policy and active role in the international affairs in Eastern Asia. They regard regional cooperation as one of the important external tactics and gradually develop themselves into the centre of ¡§trans-regional cooperation¡¨ in Eastern Asia that rapidly transforms the international outlook. Thus what are their foreign policies? When we believe that a stabilized environment contributes to a fine international space for survival, how will the interactions between ASEAN and China further influence the integration of Eastern Asia in the future? This thesis takes the approaches of ¡§neo-regionalism¡¨ to examine the relation of the post cold-war China and ASEAN and to speculate the future development By means of analyzing the specific documents regarding their multi-dimensional cooperation, I would like to observe the mutual development in order to understand how they effect the international outlook in Eastern Asia. My study discovers that the multi-layered interactions in diplomacy, politics, economy and security between China and the ASEAN country members that construct regional economic cooperation help an integrated regional identity in Eastern Asia. Finally, Eastern Asia¡¦s future order would walk towards a framework of multilateral security.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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La usina del lenguaje: Teoría de la poesía neobarroca examines one of the most relevant poetry tendencies of the last thirty years: the Neo-baroque. In this dissertation I have endeavored to analyze the works of a number of Hispano-American poets, such as: José Lezama Lima, José Kozer, Néstor Perlongher, Eduardo Espina, Roger Santiváñez, among others, in order to demonstrate that Neobaroque is a significant component of the cultural and aesthetic spirit of the contemporary Hispanic World. I also demonstrate and conclude that Neo-baroque appropriates the main discourses of Post modernity, while at the same time implying a critical revision of the poetic traditions to which it belongs, such as Baroque, Modernism, Vanguardism and Colloquialism. Additionally, this dissertation allows me to rethink the Spanish Baroque of the Golden Age looking for connections and ruptures between Baroque, Modernity and Neobaroque aesthetics. In order to establish a theoretical frame, on one level I adopt a structural approach along with a poetry analysis of the above-mentioned poets, and on another level, I explore the relationship between their works and other cultural endeavors, such as philosophical and theoretical thoughts, as well as appropriate political ideas.

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This thesis aims to provide a more critical framework for the assessment of future technologies and therefore social directions and to help to bring an understanding to the relationship between global political economy, corporate power, ideology, science and technology. This is essential given the many issues facing contemporary society – issues of sustainability and humanity’s place in the broad ecology, of the need for a diversity of economies, societies and cultures, of the need for greater economic equality and equity across the globe. The relationship between globalisation, science and technology, democratic governance and citizens is explored using the case of genetic engineering technologies. The thesis draws on a conceptual framework provided by the theory of political economy to facilitate the assessment of the impact of a technology on society . It provides a critical framework for looking at individualised, sectoral and short term interests versus the often conflicting interests of what is termed the ‘common good’. The juxtaposition of the neo-liberal, conservative and contemporarily dominant world view with that of the more radical, political economy stance exposes the tension between these two ways of viewing human history and the future of humankind.