One of the important operational and in some cases, also strategic business decisions, is in respect of the investment of funds. Although there are a number of assets to invest in, two particular popular investment asset classes are land and/or property. Land however, is becoming a very scarce resource. It can be argued that many companies investing in the property sectors' main income is generated from the sale of land. A new way of gaining a sustainable income stream is followed. This is done by investing in different kinds of property development projects. One of the problems that companies face is to determine whether a property development project is a good investment, meaning that it will generate sustainable and acceptable profits in the long term. Companies evaluate prospective investment opportunities by assessing whether the expected return, adjusted for project risk, exceeds the company?s required return. Different impact parameters exist and were identified in the study. Valuation methods used in determining the overall feasibility were discussed and evaluated to see the impact on the property development project. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

One of the important operational and in some cases, also strategic business decisions, is in respect of the investment of funds. Although there are a number of assets to invest in, two particular popular investment asset classes are land and/or property. Land however, is becoming a very scarce resource. It can be argued that many companies investing in the property sectors' main income is generated from the sale of land. A new way of gaining a sustainable income stream is followed. This is done by investing in different kinds of property development projects. One of the problems that companies face is to determine whether a property development project is a good investment, meaning that it will generate sustainable and acceptable profits in the long term. Companies evaluate prospective investment opportunities by assessing whether the expected return, adjusted for project risk, exceeds the company?s required return. Different impact parameters exist and were identified in the study. Valuation methods used in determining the overall feasibility were discussed and evaluated to see the impact on the property development project. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

In final master work “Investment planning and analysis” there was analyzed and systemized conceptual and practical researches of investment analysis of Lithuanian and foreign authors. When analyzing capital investment effectiveness, it is very important to use various methods in complex, not separately. There was performed analysis of investment project of JSC “Lamega”, also there was calculated indicators of investment effectiveness, main factors, which influence final results of a project, were defined, uncertainty and possibilities of the project were evaluated by using Black-Scholes real options evaluation model. Hypothesis, that investment decision depends not on meaning of separate indicator, but their sequence and reciprocity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected investment project to assess the impact of the project on the profitability and financial stability podniku.Diplomová work deals with the specific investment objective, which is the purchase of machinery. Based on the financial analysis is to assess the situation. This is done with the help of indicators of profitability, activity, leverage and liquidity. Then, the paper deals with clarifying the cash flows selected machinery, which are capital expenditures, income and expenses arising from the investment. Furthermore, there is a proper evaluation of the investment project. In conclusion, the assessed risk of the project.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Ted Schroeder / Johnsonville Sausage’s core business is to produce premium fresh and ready to eat (RTE) sausage. To accomplish this on the fresh side of the business, the organization procures and slaughters all of their own animals. The type of animal that Johnsonville Sausage procures is called a “fancy sow”. This type of sow averages 500 pounds and has had three or more litters of piglets. Johnsonville Sausage is the largest procurer of this type of sow accounting for 23% of the overall market. The largest contributor to the finished product cost is the meat. Over the last two years, the organization’s business has been faced with a number of challenges related to mass liquidations within the hog industry as well as increased sow prices due to lower supplies. Specifically, these issues have impacted the expected profitability as an organization and lead Johnsonville Sausage to question whether the supply projections within the industry will meet future growth needs. Because of these factors, Johnsonville Sausage is looking at how they can create more value for the sow that is slaughtered in order to utilize the whole animal to its highest potential, increase overall profitability to the organization and increase available sow supply within the industry. Within the business today, 55% of a sow that is harvested goes towards making the meat formulations (batter) utilized in fresh sausage production. The other 45% of the sow can be broken down into three key areas: sales credits, drop credits and rendering. Items within these three areas are classified as by-products and are sold to industries such as human consumption, pet food, pharmaceutical, medical, academia, commercial fishing and rendering to name a few. The issue that Johnsonville Sausage faces is how to define new channels, create new products, and increase customer base and volume for those parts of the sow that are not utilized in fresh sausage production thus driving increased value for these by-product items. In conjunction with this, how do they create more profitability for those items that are consistently harvested and sold today? The focus of this research was to create a project portfolio for the by-product business within Johnsonville Sausage. The goal of the portfolio was to identify industries and projects that would drive the greatest profit maximization for the by-product business and in return achieve the greatest return per sow. To accomplish this, optimization models and net present value (NPV) analyses were utilized. Utilizing the tools, I found that within Johnsonville Sausage’s existing by-product business, they have the opportunity to increase profitability by 54% from what was achieved in 2010. In conjunction with this, a NPV analysis on a further processed pork loin was conducted. Results of this analysis proved that creating this type of concept for Johnsonville Sausage was a more value added solution financially as compared to the traditional manner in which pork loins are sold today.

The topic of this thesis is the evaluation of risk in enterprise. First section summarizes common knowledge related to investment process and states methods used for analysis of risk and investments efficiency. Second part evaluates economic efficiency and risk of a future investments in the particular enterprise. Projects are critical to the realization of performing organization's strategies. Each project contains some degree of risk and it is required to be aware of these risks and to develop the necessary responses to get the desired level of project success. Because projects' risks are multidimensional, they must be evaluated by using risk evaluation methods. The aim of this part is to provide an analytic tool to evaluate the project risks. At first the thesis analysis net present value and other investment criteria of the construction project without risk factors. Subsequently the projects' risks are are evaluated by using risk premium. To study of how projected performance varies along with changes in the key assumptions on which the projections are based is used the sensitivity analysis. The main sources for data was the enterprise environment.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade de um programa nacional de melhoramento genÃtico de caprinos leiteiros. Foram comparados os ganhos genÃticos e econÃmicos para dois esquemas de seleÃÃo, sendo um tradicional que representa a situaÃÃo geral nacional e outro utilizando o teste de progÃnie, conforme proposto pelo Programa de Melhoramento GenÃtico de Caprinos Leiteiros (CAPRAGENE) coordenado pela Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos. Em seguida, foi verificado no esquema tradicional de seleÃÃo, o impacto econÃmico da alteraÃÃo na porcentagem de utilizaÃÃo de reprodutores do rebanho nÃcleo no estrato comercial. Averiguou-se tambÃm os efeitos da intensidade de utilizaÃÃo dos reprodutores jovens em teste para o esquema com teste de progÃnie. As anÃlises foram realizadas utilizando o ZPLAN, que utiliza um enfoque determinÃstico para estimar os ganhos genÃticos e econÃmicos para programas de melhoramento genÃtico. O esquema de seleÃÃo tradicional, com a seleÃÃo de reprodutores do nÃcleo feita com base em informaÃÃes reprodutivas e de produÃÃo leiteira das mÃes e a seleÃÃo das matrizes feitas com suas prÃprias informaÃÃes e de suas mÃes, nÃo apresentou viabilidade econÃmica, nÃo cobrindo os custos com a infraestrutura fÃsica e humana para manutenÃÃo do programa de melhoramento genÃtico. O esquema utilizando testes de progÃnie de reprodutores jovens apresentou viabilidade, com considerÃveis ganhos genÃticos para o objetivo de seleÃÃo e para as caracterÃsticas individuais que compÃem este objetivo. Os retornos econÃmicos do programa superou os custos do mesmo, com um retorno de investimento de cerca de 20%. Neste esquema, a caracterÃstica de maior impacto econÃmico foi a produÃÃo de leite, seguida pela contagem de cÃlulas somÃticas. O esquema tradicional somente permitiria retornos de investimento do programa de melhoramento com altos nÃveis (>60%) de uso de reprodutores do nÃcleo no estrato comercial. Ã possÃvel que isto nÃo tenha viabilidade prÃtica, principalmente devido ao baixo uso de inseminaÃÃo artificial no Brasil. A intensidade de utilizaÃÃo dos reprodutores jovens deve estar entre 10% e 15%. Acima desses valores nÃo se constituem ganhos monetÃrios considerÃveis ao objetivo de seleÃÃo, alÃm da reduÃÃo do lucro genÃtico de caracterÃsticas importantes como produÃÃo de leite. / This work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a national breeding program for dairy goats. The genetic and economic gains for two selection schemes, one traditional that represents the overall Brazilian situation and the other using the progeny test, as proposed by the Breeding Program for Dairy Goats (CAPRAGENE) of Embrapa Goats and Sheep were compared. The economic impact of the use of bucks of the nucleus in commercial was evaluated in the traditional scheme. It was also examined the effects of intensity use of young breeding test for the scheme with progeny testing. Analyses were performed in ZPLAN, which uses a deterministic approach to estimate the genetic and economic gains for breeding programs. The traditional scheme with bucks selected in the nucleus of milk production and reproductive traits from their dams and the selection of does made with the same information for themselves and their dams, had no economic viability, not covering the costs of physical and human infrastructure for maintenance of the breeding program. The scheme using progeny tests of young bucks presented viability, with considerable genetic gains for the selection objective and the individual traits that make up this goal. The economic returns of the program outweigh the costs of the same, with a return on investment of about 20%. In this scheme, the trait of greater economic impact was milk yield followed by somatic cell count. The traditional scheme would only allow investment returns of the breeding program with high levels (>60%) for use of nucleus bucks commercial flocks. It is possible that this has no practical feasibility, principally due to the low use of artificial insemination in Brazil. The amount of use of young bucks should be between 10% and 15%. Major uses not promote substantial monetary gains to the selection objective and reduce the genetic profit the important traits as milk yield.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-11T13:33:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Lucas A. Freitas - 2016.pdf: 2716743 bytes, checksum: 81ec501b7ac3258c32ab8676d9ab5774 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T13:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Lucas A. Freitas - 2016.pdf: 2716743 bytes, checksum: 81ec501b7ac3258c32ab8676d9ab5774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-05 / CAPES / Estão inseridos na proposta deste trabalho dois objetivos: o primeiro consiste na realização de levantamento e caracterização do consumo de energia elétrica dos shopping centers de Pernambuco; o segundo tem por _nalidade aplicar uma metodologia de decisão econômica que permite avaliar a melhor con_guração de um sistema térmico para o atendimento das demandas de frio e energia elétrica dos shopping centers. O procedimento de otimização busca minimizar o VPL (Valor Presente Líquido) do sistema e, para isso, utiliza-se de um método híbrido composto por quatro passos: proposta do sistema genérico, pré-seleção dos equipamentos, busca exaustiva e Programação Linear. A otimização considera aspectos técnicos e econômicos, tais como: curvas de demandas de energia, tarifas em base horária, rendimentos e custos dos equipamentos proporcionais às potências. A _m de verificar o quão robusto é o sistema base foram consideradas algumas variáveis econômicas como, por exemplo, a variação da tarifa de combustível, variação da tarifa de energia elétrica, custo de aquisição do motogerador de eletricidade, variação da taxa de câmbio (dólar/real), além do estudo da variação da demanda em horário de ponta. Ainda, foi de_nido, para cada parâmetro estudado, um fator de variabilidade de 50% - 200%. O sistema se mostrou muito sensível a mudanças nas tarifas energéticas, para as quais suportou uma redução de apenas 9% na tarifa de gás natural, ou, ainda, um aumento de 12% na tarifa de energia elétrica. Para taxa cambial e o custo inicial do motogerador, as variações suportadas foram de 26% e 24% respectivamente. Já no que se refere à variação da demanda em horário de ponta, o sistema suportou um aumento de 70%. / They are included in the proposal of this work two objectives: the _rst is to carry out survey and characterization of the electricity consumption of the shopping malls of Pernambuco; the second on implementing an economic decision methodology to evaluate the best con_guration of a thermal system to meet the demands of cold and power of shopping malls. The optimization procedure seeks to minimize the NPV (Net Present Value) of the system and, therefore, we use a hybrid method consists of four steps: proposed generic system, pre-selection of equipment, exhaustive search and Linear Programming. The optimization considers technical and economic aspects, such as energy demand curves, tari_ on hourly basis, e_ciencies and costs in proportion to the power equipment. In order to check how robust is the base system were considered some economic variables such as, for example, the change in fuel price, change in electricity tari_, cost of purchase of electricity power generator, exchange rate variation (dollar / real), and the demand variation study in peak hours. Still, it was de_ned for each parameter studied, a variability factor of 50% - 200%. The system was too sensitive to changes in energy prices, for which bore a decrease of only 9% in the gas rate , or even a 12% increase in electricity tari_. For exchange rate and the initial cost of the motor generator, supported changes were 26% and 24% respectively. In what regards the variation of demand peak time, the system supported a 70% increase.

The focus of this work is to look closer at the car in business, both from the accounting perspective and the tax one. The term "car in business" means the one that is used in the business operation, not the car defined as goods. First of all the thesis deals with the basic terms in relation to the vehicles. Then the car is described as a long-term tangible property (asset). The ways of car´s acquisition follows together with the determination of the entry price of the vehicle. There is also a chapter devoted to the reduction and increase of the vehicle´s value, namely technical appreciation, depreciation and creation of adjustments. Separately there is a chapter focusing on costs (expenses) related to the operation with a car. Because a car has a limited lifetime, the disposal of asset is covered in the practical part as well. Based on the content of the practical part, there is also a chapter which briefly describes operating lease in terms of Czech accounting legislation and in terms of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The practical part deals with comparison of vehicles acquired by operating lease and purchased vehicles, in a particular company.

The focus of this thesis is the assessment of telematic systems for road freight transport from a planning perspective. The aim is to support strategic decisions related to architectural choices for such systems, with the possibility to achieve synergies by supporting multiple telematic services. The past decade has witnessed enormous growth in cargo volumes resulting in increasing demand for transport capacity. To match this increasing demand only with expansion of infrastructure, e.g. road and vehicles, does not seem to be a sustainable strategy. One of the few approaches with the potential to improve the use of current transport capacity is the integrated use of modern information and communication technology, otherwise known as telematic systems for road transport, an important component within Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This type of systems can deliver multiple services that can be used to improve the efficiency and safety of road freight transport. However, attempts to unleash the potential of telematic systems and make maximum possible use of the available transport capacity have been hindered by several challenges ranging from planning and design to development and deployment. Considering the large scope of possible telematic services that can potentially be deployed in road freight transport, this thesis suggests a framework in order to enable structured assessment of telematic systems. Based on the suggested framework, a set of potential transport telematic services are identified and a method for quantifying the value of the services to society is developed. The suggested method takes into account the expected impact on different transportation challenges, such as accidents, fuel consumption, and infrastructure maintenance. Quantitative methods are provided for studying the value of services sharing a common infrastructure. Using quantified benefits of services and costs of various functionalities required by telematic services, the concept of a multi-service architecture is investigated using optimization methods, which handles the multi-dimensional relations between different services that are otherwise difficult to analyze with traditional cost-benefit analysis. The analyses show which telematic services can be achieved with different approaches, such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, etc. Although multi-service architectures are promising, several challenges need to be overcome, including security, service quality, privacy, and business models. The knowledge gained from the work presented in this thesis can be valuable for different stakeholders, such as governments, service providers, and transport service users, in fostering the planning, design, development, and deployment of telematic systems in transport.