Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-06T19:34:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloHenriqueRamalhoNobre_TESE.pdf: 4355071 bytes, checksum: 05cf1b490e598685ec4e7b682423a8d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-06T22:04:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloHenriqueRamalhoNobre_TESE.pdf: 4355071 bytes, checksum: 05cf1b490e598685ec4e7b682423a8d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T22:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloHenriqueRamalhoNobre_TESE.pdf: 4355071 bytes, checksum: 05cf1b490e598685ec4e7b682423a8d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A comunica??o sem fios ? uma tend?ncia no ambiente industrial atualmente e nessa tend?ncia temos o WirelessHART como uma das principais tecnologias. Com essa situa??o, ? natural que melhorias no desempenho sejam buscadas e um dos principais caminhos para isso passa pelo desenvolvimento de algoritmos de escalonamento e roteamento. Nesta tese ? apresentado uma revis?o da literatura sobre as principais solu??es em escalonamento e roteamento desenvolvidas especificamente para a tecnologia WirelessHART. Al?m disso prop?e um novo Algoritmo de escalonamento chamando Escalonamento Flow que visa melhorar aspectos de flexibilidade e de utiliza??o do superframe. Para prop?sitos de valida??o, ? desenvolvido e utilizado um m?dulo de simula??o para o Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) que modela aspectos como posicionamento, atenua??o de sinal e consumo de energia al?m de prover simula??es mais exatas por meio de configura??es de erro individuais para cada link. Este m?dulo tamb?m possibilita a gera??o do superframe de escalonamento a partir do grafo de roteamento utilizando os algoritmos Flow e Han. Para a valida??o do novo algoritmo s?o realizados experimentos comparativos entre o algoritmo Han e algoritmo Flow, avaliando crit?rios de aloca??o de links, delay e taxa de ocupa??o de superframe. Para valida??o da camada f?sica do m?dulo de simula??o, o escalonamento e o roteamento s?o configurados estaticamente e s?o desenvolvidos experimentos de confiabilidade e consumo de energia com topologias validadas na literatura e com varia??es de probabilidades de erro. / Wireless Communication is a trend in the industrial environment nowadays and on this trend, we can highlight the WirelessHART technology. In this situation, it is natural the search for new improvements in the technology and such improvements can be related directly to the routing and scheduling algorithms. In the present thesis, we present a literature review about the main specific solutions for Routing and scheduling for WirelessHART. The thesis also proposes a new scheduling algorithm called Flow Scheduling that intends to improve superframe utilization and flexibility aspects. For validation purposes, we develop a simulation module for the Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) that models aspects like positioning, signal attenuation and energy consumption and provides an link individual error configuration. The module also allows the creation of the scheduling superframe using the Flow and Han Algorithms. In order to validate the new algorithms, we execute a series of comparative tests and evaluate the algorithms performance for link allocation, delay and superframe occupation. In order to validate the physical layer of the simulation module, we statically configure the routing and scheduling aspects and perform reliability and energy consumption tests using various literature topologies and error probabilities.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T19:47:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TalisonAugustoCorreiaDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 2029571 bytes, checksum: 673616a1cc8948fb5a2eee5aa45c9411 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-06T20:49:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TalisonAugustoCorreiaDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 2029571 bytes, checksum: 673616a1cc8948fb5a2eee5aa45c9411 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T20:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TalisonAugustoCorreiaDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 2029571 bytes, checksum: 673616a1cc8948fb5a2eee5aa45c9411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSFs) t?m se tornado cada vez mais comuns e estudos sobre elas t?m aumentado bastante. Este tipo de rede ?, geralmente, formada por muitos n?s sensores, o que dificulta testes em ambientes reais. Os simuladores de rede, como o Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), t?m sido adotados para avaliar RSSF, entretanto, este tipo de simula??o no NS-2 pode n?o ser uma tarefa f?cil para os usu?rios. Deste modo, ferramentas t?m sido desenvolvidas para proporcionar facilidades de simula??o sobre o NS-2, como o WINSS (Wireless Network Sensor Simulator). WINSS ? uma solu??o para o projeto e testes de simula??es de RSSFs de acordo com o padr?o IEEE 802.15.4 no NS-2. Em fun??o das limita??es que a vers?o original do WINSS det?m, este trabalho tem como objetivo estender as funcionalidades desta ferramenta, adicionando a ela a possibilidade de trabalhar com: mobilidade dos n?s, falhas na rede, modo beacon habilitado e desabilitado, entre outras funcionalidades. O WINSS gera scripts de simula??o (scripts TCL) e permite a configura??o de aspectos importantes, como modelo de energia, modelo de n?s m?veis, modelo de propaga??o de r?dio e modelo de falha na rede. Ele fornece um ambiente integrado com NAM, XGRAPH e Gnuplot, ferramentas que complementam o NS-2, e gera resultados, como vaz?o, atraso, pacotes perdidos, pacotes recebidos e consumo de energia. / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become increasingly common and studies on them have increased a lot. This type of network is generally formed by many sensor nodes that make testing hard in real environments. The network simulators, as the Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), have been adopted to evaluate WSN, however, this type of simulation in the NS-2 may not be an easy task for users. Thus, tools were developed to provide simulation facilities on the NS-2, such as WINSS (Wireless Network Sensor Simulator). WINSS is a solution for the design and tests of simulations of WSNs in accordance to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard on NS-2. Due to the limitations of the original version of WINSS, this work aims to extend the features of this tool, adding to it the possibility of working with: node mobility, network faults, beacon-enabled and non beacon-enabled mode, among other functionality. The WINSS generates simulation scripts (TCL scripts) and allows the configuration of important aspects such as energy model, mobile nodes model, radio propagation model and network fault model. It provides an integrated environment with NAM, XGRAPH and Gnuplot, tools that complement the NS-2, and generates results, like throughput, delay, packets loss, packets received and energy consumption.

This thesis focuses on the enhancement of the IEEE 802.15.4 beaconless-enabled MAC protocol as a solution to overcome the network bottleneck, less flexible nodes, and more energy waste at the centralised wireless sensor networks (WSN). These problems are triggered by mechanism of choosing a centralised WSN coordinator to start communication and manage the resources. Unlike IEEE 802.11 standard, the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol does not include method to overcome hidden nodes problem. Moreover, understanding the behaviour and performance of a large-scale WSN is a very challenging task. A comparative study is conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed ad hoc WSN both over the low data rate IEEE 802.15.4 and the high data rate IEEE 802.11 standards. Simulation results show that, in small-scale networks, ad hoc WSN over 802.15.4 outperforms the WSN where it improves 4-key performance indicators such as throughput, PDR, packet loss, and energy consumption by up to 22.4%, 17.1%, 34.1%, and 43.2%, respectively. Nevertheless, WSN achieves less end-to-end delay; in this study, it introduces by up to 2.0 ms less delay than that of ad hoc WSN. Furthermore, the ad hoc wireless sensor networks work well both over IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 protocols in small-scale networks with low traffic loads. The performance of IEEE 802.15.4 declines for the higher payload size since this standard is dedicated to low rate wireless personal access networks. A deep performance investigation of the IEEE 802.15.4 beaconless-enabled wireless sensor network (BeWSN) in hidden nodes environment has been conducted and followed by an investigation of network overhead on ad hoc networks over IEEE 802.11 protocol. The result of investigation evinces that the performance of beaconless-enabled ad hoc wireless sensor networks deteriorates as indicated by the degradation of throughput and packet reception by up to 72.66 kbps and 35.2%, respectively. In relation to end-to-end delay, however, there is no significant performance deviation caused by hidden nodes appearance. On the other hand, preventing hidden node effect by implementing RTS/CTS mechanism introduces significant overhead on the network that applies low packet size. Therefore, this handshaking method is not suitable for low rate communications protocol such as IEEE 802.15.4 standard. An evaluation study of a 101-node large-scale beaconless-enabled wireless sensor networks over IEEE 802.15.4 protocol has been carried out after the nodes deployment model was arranged. From the experiment, when the number of connection densely increases, then the probability of packet delivery decreases by up to 40.5% for the low payload size and not less than of 44.5% for the upper payload size. Meanwhile, for all sizes of payload applied to the large-scale ad hoc wireless sensor network, it points out an increasing throughput whilst the network handles more connections among sensor nodes. In term of dropped packet, it confirms that a fewer data drops at smaller number of connecting nodes on the network where the protocol outperforms not less than of 34% for low payload size of 30 Bytes. The similar trend obviously happens on packet loss. In addition, the simulation results show that the smaller payload size performs better than the bigger one in term of network latency, where the payload size of 30 Bytes contributes by up to 41.7% less delay compared with the contribution of the payload size of 90 Bytes.

Small mobile devices with networking capabilities are becoming more and more readily available and used. These devices can be used to form mobile ad hoc networks to communicate, where no infrastructure for network communication exist or where it has been destroyed or is overloaded e.g. in a natural disaster such as a hurricane. Such networks are almost never fully connected, and are part of the category of delay/disruption-tolerant networks (DTN) and suffer from limited resources e.g. bandwidth, storage and limited energy supply. The Opportunistic DTN Routing With Window-aware Adaptive Replication (ORWAR) is a delaytolerant protocol intended to be used in disaster relief efforts or emergency operations were a DTN could be a fast way to establish communication. In these kinds of scenarios high success rate together with efficient usage of the networks resources are critical to the success of such operations. ORWAR has been implemented and simulated on a high-level simulator, with promising results. To make a better assessment about what ORWARs performance would be in a real world network, more realistic and detailed simulations are needed. This Master's Thesis describes the design, implementation and evaluation of ORWAR in the network simulator ns-3, which simulates networks down to physical layer. The contributions of this thesis is a extension to ns-3 giving it an framework with support for the bundle protocol and delay-tolerant routing protocols and an evaluation of the ORWAR performance using more detailed simulations. The simulations represent a city scenario in down-town Helsinki city, Finland, were pedestrians, cars and trams form a network to communicate. The simulations with a higher level of detail has added to insight about the protocol. The obtained results showed that the high-level simulation may be overly optimistic and hides implementation details. On the other hand, some assumptions were found to be too pessimistic. For example we have shown that ORWAR actually performs better than the high level simulations, with regard to partial transmissions and that the high-level simulations have rather optimistic assumptions regarding the latency.

This diploma thesis is analysis of routing protocols used in MANET networks focusing on protocols OLSR, AODV and HWMP. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the routing protokols, which are used in MANET networks and their applications to FANET networks. In practical part, there are describes of created mobility model in the NS-3, which are used for comparison routing protocols on the created scenarios of mobility according to the qualitative parameters of the networks.

The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on history and development of M2M com- munication, Wireless M-Bus protocol and NS-3 Network Simulator. It briefly describes characteristics of M2M communication, Wireless M-Bus and NS3 simulator. Physical and link layer of Wireless M-bus protocol are described in great detail to provide basics needed for understanding and orientation in the topic. Practical part of the thesis is focused on structure of used Simple Wireless module and basic simulation scenerio is built. The scenerio demostrates basic functions of the module.

Due to their promise for supporting applications society cares about and their unique blend of distributed systems and networking issues, wireless sensor networks (SN) have become an active research area. Most current SN use an arrangement of nodes with limited capabilities. Given SN device technology trends, we believe future SN nodes will have the computational capability of today's handhelds, and communication capabilities well beyond today's 'motes'. Applications will demand these increased capabilities in SN for performing computations in-network on higher bit-rate streaming data. We focus on interesting fusion applications such as automated surveillance. These applications combine one or more input streams via synthesis, or fusion, operations in a hierarchical fashion to produce high-level inference output streams. For SN to successfully support fusion applications, they will need to be constructed to achieve application throughput and latency requirements while minimizing energy usage to increase application lifetime. This thesis investigates novel middleware mechanisms for improving application lifetime while achieving required latency and throughput, in the context of a variety of SN topologies and scales, models of potential fusion applications, and device radio and CPU capabilities. We present a novel architecture, DFuse, for supporting data fusion applications in SN. Using a DFuse implementation and a novel simulator, MSSN, of the DFuse middleware, we investigate several middleware mechanisms for managing energy in SN. We demonstrate reasonable overhead for our prototype DFuse implementation on a small iPAQ SN. We propose and evaluate extensively an elegant distributed, local role-assignment heuristic that dynamically adapts the mapping of a fusion application to the SN, guided by a cost function. Using several studies with DFuse and MSSN, we show that this heuristic scales well and enables significant lifetime extension. We propose and evaluate with MSSN a predictive CPU scaling mechanism for dynamically optimizing energy usage by processors performing fusion. The scaling heuristic seeks to make the ratio of processing time to communication time for each synthesis operation conform to an input parameter. We show how tuning this parameter trades latency degradation for improved lifetime. These investigations demonstrate MSSN's utility for exposing tradeoffs fundamental to successful SN construction.

This thesis presents the computer implementation of a multi resolutional concurrent, design inference network, whose nodes are refined by PNDN (Petri Net Based Design Inference Network) modules. The extended design network is named as N-PNDN and consists of several embedded PNDN modules which models the information flow on a functional basis to facilitate the design automation at the conceptual design phase of an engineering design. Information flow in N-PNDN occurs between parent and child PNDN modules in a hierarchical structure and is provided by the token flow between the modules. In this study, computer implementation of the design network construction and token flow algorithms for the N-PNDN structure is restored and therefore the previous DNS (Design Network Simulator) is adapted for the multi layer design and decomposition of mechatronic products. The related algorithms are developed by using an object oriented, visual programming environment. The graphical user interface is also modified. The further developed DNS has been used for the application of the N-PNDN structure in the conceptual design of 5 mechatronic systems. In the guidance of this study, it has been understood that the further developed DNS is a powerful tool for designers coming from different engineering disciplines in order to interchange their ideas.

Orientador: Jose Geraldo Pena de Andrade / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evangelista_RodopianoMarques_M.pdf: 7123183 bytes, checksum: 7c1897285299e7d730c1a8b8034214d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O abastecimento de água é um fator de extrema importância para o bem-estar da sociedade e, com o crescimento das cidades, os sistemas foram tornando-se cada vez mais complexos e diversificados, dificultando o controle e a operação como um todo. Com o elevado incremento da demanda de consumo nos últimos anos e também pelo uso irracional dos recursos hídricos houve a necessidade por parte das empresas de saneamento de todo mundo implantar programas de redução de perdas inseridos em seus sistemas, tais como: planejamento, cadastro técnico de informações confiáveis de água e esgoto, comandos de telemetria, aferição de hidrômetros, pesquisa de vazamentos, setorização etc. Neste contexto, houve também a necessidade destes elementos serem operados de forma integrada tornando cada vez mais eficaz o gerenciamento por parte destas empresas / Abstract: Water supply is an extremely important factor for the well being of society. As cities grew larger, water supply systems became more and more complex and diversified, making it difficult to control and operate them as a whole. With the high increment in consumption demand over the last years and the irrational use of water resources, public utilities all around the world felt the need to implement loss reduction programs, placed around their systems, such as planning, water supply and sewerage system reliable information technical dossier, telemetry commands, water-meter gauging, leak search, sectorization etc. In such context, it also became necessary for these elements to be operated in more integrated ways, what has made the management of such programs more efficient on the part of public utilities / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The tremendous growth in the development of wireless networking techniques attracts growing attention to this research area. The ease of development, low installation and maintenance costs and self healing abilities are some of the qualities that make the multi-hop wireless mesh network a promising solution for both - rural and urban environments. Examining the performance of such a network, depending on the external conditions and the applied routing protocol, is the main aim of this research. It is addressed in an empirical way, by performing repetitive multistage network simulations followed by a systematic analysis and a discussion. This research work resulted in the implementation of the experiment and analysis tools, a comprehensive assessment of the simulated routing protocols - DSDV, AODV, OLSR and HWMP, and numerous observations concerning the simulation tool. Among the major findings are: the suitability of protocols for wireless mesh networks, the comparison of rural and urban environments and the large impact of conditions such as propagation, density and scale of topology on the network performance. An unexpected but valuable outcome is the critical review of the ns network simulator. / Mobile number: +48 660144055