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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

[pt] ESTUDO DE VIOLACAO DE CP E FÍSICA ALEM DO MODELO PADRAO ATRAVES DE OSCILACAO DE NEUTRINOS EM DETETORES DE NOVA GERACAO / [en] PROBING CP VIOLATION AND PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL IN NEUTRINO OSCILLATION BY NEW GENERATION DETECTORS

FRANCESCO PESSINA 09 February 2022 (has links)
[pt] Neste trabalho de tese investigaremos um novo método para medir a fase leptóonica de violação CP, CP , com um set up experimental chamado LiquidO e, estudaremos a possibilidade do futuro experimento Hyper-Kamiokande de pôr um limite sobre o tempo de vida do neutrino. Ambos são experimentos que detectam neutrinos de acelerador que performarão as próprias medições através do estudo do bem conhecido fenómeno da oscilação de sabor de neutrinos. O primeiro experimento considerado possui duas novas características: primeiramente utiliza como fonte de neutrino um fluxo de Vμ e Vμ produzidos por pions (pi+) em repouso a uma distância de 16 km e secondariamente vai usar uma nova forma de detecção. Essa detecção é feita utilizando cintilador liquido opaco com fibras ópticas que permitem distinguir entre e+ e e-. Nós explicaremos as principais propriedades fenomenológicas desta configuração e calcularemos a significância estatística de exclusão da hipótese CP = (0, pi), a precisão de medição de CP com 1δ de confiança estatística e também as regões permitidas no espaço dos parámetros sin2 023 - δ CP . Na segunda parte do nosso trabalho, nos concentraremos no experimento Hyper-Kamiokande, versão melhorada do experimento Super-Kamiokande que se adjudicou o prémio Nobel em 2015. Este é um detector de luz Cherenkov que utiliza um fluxo de Vμ (Vμ) com energias < 10GeV produzido no acelerador JPARC e colocado a uma distância de 295 km. Neste trabalho identificaremos este experimento como T2HK enquanto para a sua estensão na Korea, que utilizará a mesma fonte mas será colocada a 1100 km de distância, utilizaremos a sigla T2HKK. Nós introduziremos brevemente as modalidades de decaimento do neutrino que podem ser classificadas em dois tipos: um é chamado decaimento invisível, ou seja, quando o neutrino de origem decai em um estado estéril mais uma partícula escalar, e o outro e chamdo de decaimento visível, ou seja, quando o neutrino de origem decai em um autoestado de massa ativo mais uma partícula escalar. Em fim calcularemos as sensitividades no limite da vida média do autoestado V3 para os casos de decaimento visível e invisível para as configurações de T2HK e T2HKK. / [en] In this thesis we will study a novel method to measure the leptonic CP violation phase, CP , in an experimental set up called LiquidO, and the possibility by the future experiment Hyper-Kamiokande to put a limit on the neutrino lifetime. Both experiment are accelerator based ones that will use the well established neutrino flavour oscillation phenomenon to perform their measurement. The first experimental set up uses two new features: firstly it uses as a source a flux of Vμ and Vμ coming from pions (pi+) decay at rest with a baseline of 16 km and secondly it uses a new detection method. This new detection is performed using opaque Liquid Scintillator (LS) with optical fibers that allows e+ e- identification. We will discuss the phenomenological main characteristics of this set up and we will calculate the expected significance to exclude the δ CP = (0, pi) hypothesis, the 1δ precision of the CP measurement and also the expected allowed regions in the sin2 023 - δ CP plane. For what it concerns the second part of our work, we will focus on the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, upgrade of the 2015 Nobel prize awarded Super-Kamiokande. This is a water Cherenkov detector that will use a Vμ (Vμ) flux with a typical neutrino energy < 10 GeV coming from the JPARC facility with a baseline of 295 km. We will call this source-detector configuration T2HK to distinguish T2HKK, the possible extension of this experiment in Korea that will use the same beam but it will be located at 1100 km from the source. We will briefly introduce the neutrino decay mode that can be classified in two types: one is what is called invisible decay , i.e. when neutrino decays into a sterile neutrino state plus a scalar particle, and the other is called visible decay, i.e. when neutrino decays into an active mass eigenstate plus a scalar particle. We will calculate the limit on the V3 lifetime for the invisible and the visible case for both configurations T2HK and T2HKK.
42

Dynamics of quarks and leptons : theoretical Studies of Baryons and Neutrinos

Ohlsson, Tommy January 2000 (has links)
The Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics (SM) is the present theoryfor the elementary particles and their interactions and is a well-established theorywithin the physics community. The SM is a combination of Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD) and the Glashow{Weinberg{Salam (GWS) electroweak model. QCDis a theory for the strong force, whereas the GWS electroweak model is a theoryfor the weak and electromagnetic forces. This means that the SM describes allfundamental forces in Nature, except for the gravitational force. However, the SMis not a nal theory and some of its problems will be discussed in this thesis.In the rst part of this thesis, several properties of baryons are studied suchas spin structure, spin polarizations, magnetic moments, weak form factors, andnucleon quark sea isospin asymmetries, using the chiral quark model (QM). TheQM is an eective chiral eld theory developed to describe low energy phenomena of baryons, since perturbative QCD is not applicable at low energies. The resultsof the QM are in good agreement with experimental data.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the concept of quantum mechanicalneutrino oscillations. Neutrino oscillations can, however, not occur within the GWSelectroweak model. Thus, this model has to be extended in some way. All studiesincluding neutrino oscillation are done within three avor neutrino oscillationmodels. Both vacuum and matter neutrino oscillations are considered. Especially,global ts to all data of candidates for neutrino oscillations are presented and alsoan analytical formalism for matter enhanced three avor neutrino oscillations usingtime evolution operators is derived. Furthermore, investigations of matter eectswhen neutrinos traverse the Earth are included.The thesis begins with an introductory review of the QM and neutrino oscillationsand ends with the research results, which are given in the nine accompanyingscientic articles. / QC 20100616
43

Models in Neutrino Physics : Numerical and Statistical Studies

Bergström, Johannes January 2013 (has links)
The standard model of particle physics can excellently describe the vast majorityof data of particle physics experiments. However, in its simplest form, it cannot account for the fact that the neutrinos are massive particles and lepton flavorsmixed, as required by the observation of neutrino oscillations. Hence, the standardmodel must be extended in order to account for these observations, opening up thepossibility to explore new and interesting physical phenomena. There are numerous models proposed to accommodate massive neutrinos. Thesimplest of these are able to describe the observations using only a small numberof effective parameters. Furthermore, neutrinos are the only known existing particleswhich have the potential of being their own antiparticles, a possibility that isactively being investigated through experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay.In this thesis, we analyse these simple models using Bayesian inference and constraintsfrom neutrino-related experiments, and we also investigate the potential offuture experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay to probe other kinds of newphysics. In addition, more elaborate theoretical models of neutrino masses have beenproposed, with the seesaw models being a particularly popular group of models inwhich new heavy particles generate neutrino masses. We study low-scale seesawmodels, in particular the resulting energy-scale dependence of the neutrino parameters,which incorporate new particles with masses within the reach of current andfuture experiments, such as the LHC. / Standardmodellen för partikelfysik beskriver den stora majoriteten data från partikelfysikexperimentutmärkt. Den kan emellertid inte i sin enklaste form beskrivadet faktum att neutriner är massiva partiklar och leptonsmakerna är blandande,vilket krävs enligt observationerna av neutrinooscillationer. Därför måste standardmodellenutökas för att ta hänsyn till detta, vilket öppnar upp möjligheten att utforska nya och intressanta fysikaliska fenomen. Det finns många föreslagna modeller för massiva neutriner. De enklaste av dessakan beskriva observationerna med endast ett fåtal effektiva parametrar. Dessutom är neutriner de enda kända befintliga partiklar som har potentialen att vara sinaegna antipartiklar, en möjlighet som aktivt undersöks genom experiment på neutrinolöst dubbelt betasönderfall. I denna avhandling analyserar vi dessa enkla modellermed Bayesisk inferens och begränsningar från neutrinorelaterade experiment och undersöker även potentialen för framtida experiment på neutrinolöst dubbelt betasönderfall att bergänsa andra typer av ny fysik. Även mer avancerade teoretiska modeller för neutrinomassor har föreslagits, med seesawmodeller som en särskilt populär grupp av modeller där nya tunga partiklargenererar neutrinomassor. Vi studerar seesawmodeller vid låga energier, i synnerhetneutrinoparametrarnas resulterande energiberoende, vilka inkluderar nya partiklarmed massor inom räckh°all för nuvarande och framtida experiment såsom LHC. / <p>QC 20130830</p>
44

[en] CONSTRAINING MAJORANA CP PHASE IN PRECISION ERA OF COSMOLOGY AND DOUBLE BETA DECAY EXPERIMENT / [pt] VINCULANDO A FASE DE VIOLAÇÃO DE CP DE NEUTRINOS DE MAJORANA NA ERA DE PRECISÃO DA COSMOLOGIA E DOS EXPERIMENTOS DE DUPLO DECAIMENTO BETA

04 November 2021 (has links)
[pt] Atualmente podemos determinar com grande precisão os parâmetros das massas e misturas dos neutrinos. Porém, mesmo que no futuro as incertezas sobres as medidas destes parâmetros sejam reduzidas considerablemente, talvez algumas questões ainda continuem em aberto, como por exemplo, o valor absoluto da massa dos neutrinos, a hierarquia de massa e também determinar se os neutrinos são de Majorana ou Dirac, e se forem de Majorana, então quais seriam os valores das fases de CP? Nesta tese, nós abordamos parte destas questões estudando a detetabilidade da fase CP de Majorana através das medidas de massa dos neutrinos, que são extraídas de experimentos de decaimento beta, duplo decaimento beta sem neutrinos e observações cosmológicas. Para quantificar a sensibilidade dos experimentos à fase de Majorana, além de usar os gráficos convencionais das regiões permitidas, usamos a função de exclusão, definida como uma fração no espaço de parâmentros CP, que é excluída quando um conjunto de parâmetros de entrada é fornecido. A sensibilidade dos experimentos é considerada quando variamos as incertezas desde o valor mais pessimista até o valor mais optimista e também incluímos o erro experimental devido à matriz de elementos nucleares. Com esta análise, encontramos que a fase de Majorana, denotada como a21, pode ser restringida ao ser excluído o espaço de parâmentros entre um 10 por cento e até 50 por cento, com um nível de confiança de 3o, isto se consideramos que a massa do neutino mais leve é 0.1eV. Também são tratados aspectos característicos da sensibilidade à fase a21, como por exemplo, a dependência à outra fase de Majorana a31. Para finalizar, nós estudamos o caso de se na atualidade, a incerteza do elemento de matriz nuclear pode ser limitado usando as medidas dos mesmos experimentos. / [en] Nowdays we are in a precision epoch where is possible to get accurately the parameters that involve the neutrino physics, however, even that in the future the uncertainties on those parameters will decrease enormously, perhaps still will continue some open question, for instance, what is the absolute mass of neutrinos? What is the hierarchy of the masses? Are the neutrinos Majorana or Dirac? And if they were Majorana, what would be the value of the CP phases? In this work, we studying the detectability of the CP phase through experiments of neutrino beta decay, neutrinoless double beta decay and cosmology. In order to quantify the sensitivity to the Majorana phase we use the CP exlusion fraction, it is a fraction of region of the CP phase, that is excluded for a given set of assumed input parameters. The experiments sensitivity is account when it is varied since the pessimistic to optimistic one, assumptions of the experimental erros, the uncertainty of nuclear matrix elements and all the scenarios are considering with the Normal and Inverted hierarchies. We find that a Majorana phase, the called a21 can be constrained strongly by excluded 10 − 50 per cent of phase space at 3o CL for the lowest neutrino mass of 0.1 eV. The characteristic features of the sensitivity to a21, such as dependences on the other phase a31 are addressed. We also arise the question of whether the uncertainties of nuclear matrix elements could be constrined be consistancy of such measurements.

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