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Six prehistoric archaeological sites on the Bliss Islands are analyzed with the aim of developing an account of the prehistory and human ecology of the insular Quoddy region of southern New Brunswick, Canada. The Bliss Islands sites are shown to conform to general patterns of chronology, site typology, location, and structure for prehistoric sites in the region and to be representative of the Quoddy region prehistoric site inventory. Thus, the Bliss Islands are treated as a microcosm of the insular Quoddy region. The cultural history of the islands ls approached through a comparison of the two largest sites. Evidence from the Weir site, a large, deep, complexly but distinctly stratified, and undisturbed midden, ls used to 'stratify' the contents of the camp site, a shallow, but extensive shell midden disturbed by historic activity and natural pedogenic processes. The evidence suggests that, while both of these sites were occupied from the later part of the Early Maritime Woodland period through the early part of the Late Maritime Woodland period (ca. 2400bp--ca. 1100bp), they were functionally differentiated. Weir functioned mainly as a marine resource exploitation and processing site, while camp functioned as a generalized habitation area. In addition to the Maritime Woodland components, the camp site contains occupations dating to the protohistoric and historic periods (ca. 450bp-present). The four smaller sites on the Bliss Islands represent short term occupations relating to the Late Maritime woodland and protohistoric occupations at camp and Weir. The artifact assemblages recovered from the six sites indicate that significant changes in technology occurred in the Quoddy region during the Maritime woodland period. The prehistoric human ecology of the islands ls investigated through two related phenomena: subsistence and seasonality. Subsistence practices are explored through niche width analysis of each of the analytical units defined, and through isotopic analyses of encrustations on ceramic sherds. Seasonality ls explored through ethnohistoric and natural history information, and growth increment analyses of shellfish and mammal teeth. The evidence indicates that the Bliss Islands faunal assemblages represent a relatively specialized subsistence orientation, and that significant changes in subsistence and settlement patterns occurred in the Quoddy region during the Maritime Woodland period. The model of a relatively stable and generalized prehistoric adaptation to the Quoddy region, spanning the period from 2200bp to the historic period, ls challenged; while this model may be accurate for the Late Maritime Woodland period, lt does not reflect eviden ce from the Early and Middle Maritime Woodland periods. From a methodological point-of-view, two conclusions are stressed. First, the information gained from undisturbed and intact sites ls crucial in developing local and regional cultural history models. This study suggests that 'stratifying' the contents of disturbed Northeastern shell middens on the basis of 'imported' culture history models ls, at best, potentially misleading. second, the application of biological models, such as the niche width measurement used in this study, has the potential to substantially revise interpretations of Northeastern prehistoric human ecology. In the Bliss Islands case, this model substantiates the expectation, based on general ecological theory, that subsistence adaptations to highly productive and dynamic environments, such as that of the Quoddy region, will be relatively specialized rather than generalized. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A sequence of plutonic rocks in the Sisson Brook claims group owned by Kidd Creek Mines Ltd., range in composition from gabbro at the margin through diorite and quartz diorite to the Nashwaak Granite at the core. Field relations show the gabbros to be oldest, granites the youngest. A regional foliation developed in the gabbro, diorite and to a lesser extent quartz diorite is evidence they have undergone a regional metamorphic event. The contortion into tight ptygmatic folds of small granitic dykes in quartz diorite outcrops near the Nashwaak Granite attests to a compressional metamorphic event. Mineralogically however, there is no evidence that suggest the rocks have undergone more than a low grade of metamorphism. With the exception of location C1, the granites are not foliated, indicating their emplacement post dated metamorphism. The rocks are calc-alkaline and metaluminous with the exception of the granites which are peraluminous. This is consistent with trends seen in chemical variation diagrams which suggest that, excluding the granites, the rocks are co-magmatic. It is proposed here that the latent heat of crystallization from cooling gabbro, diorite, and quartz diorite magmas melted enclosing country rock producing a melt of granite composition. All rock types have been effected to various degrees, by a late stage K, Rb-metasomatism. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

The wandering river pattern represents one of the last remaining river patterns that are not well understood. Many aspects of these rivers are not well known, particularly the processes of their creation and maintenance. The term wandering describes gravel or cobble bedded rivers, transitional between braided and meandering, with multiple channel sections around semi-permanent islands connected by single channel sections. This dissertation investigates the controls on the characteristics of wandering rivers within the Miramichi region of New Brunswick through time and at three nested spatial scales. / At the scale of rivers, three factors appear to be needed for wandering to occur: (1) wide valleys, (2) channel energy between braiding and meandering, and (3) avulsion triggers, frequent overbank flows caused by icejams in the Miramichi. Principal component analysis showed that larger wandering rivers displayed greater anabranching intensity than smaller rivers, perhaps related to higher stage ice jams within larger rivers. / At the scale of channels, the wandering pattern of the Renous River was found to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with channel creation balanced by channel abandonment. The anabranch cycle model was developed to illustrate the temporal dynamics of anabranch creation, maintenance and abandonment within wandering rivers. / Also at the channel scale, principal component analysis of channel reaches within the Renous River displayed differences in grain size and hydraulic efficiency between side-channels and main-channels. Energy and sediment mobility within side-channels was related to their formation, maintenance and abandonment. Energy and sediment mobility within main-channels was related to mega bedforms called bedwaves. The apex of some bedwaves occurred at diffluences. / At the scale of channel elements, diffluences are stable where a large bar is formed and accretes upstream, creating a large reservoir of sediment upstream of anabranch channels to buffer their degradation. Where diffluences are unstable, a large bar forms within one anabranch channel to partially block flow and may cause its abandonment. The dissertation illustrates that within wandering rivers, processes occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales interact to create and maintain the pattern.

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Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université de Lyon II, 1975. / Comprend un index. Bibliographie: v. 2, p. 79-127.

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This study examined the gender socialisation process among ten recent high school graduates and the reasoning behind their chosen career paths. Three institutions: the family, school, and media, were examined to explore how these institutions could possibly have affected the participants’ career choices. This was accomplished through qualitative research by conducting in-depth interviews among five nursing students (three females and two males) and five engineering students (three females and two males) who were 18 or 19 years of age. The interviews revealed that the participants were aware of current gender stereotypes and had experienced gender socialisation through bedroom décor and/or parental roles. The interviews further revealed ‘influencers’ (such as one’s peer group or a close relative) as a significant factor leading males into nursing and females into engineering. Participants within each program revealed differences in personal definitions of success and thoughts on work-family balance. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

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