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This thesis investigates the aesthetic presence of social performance in six French and Czechoslovak New Wave films of the 1960s. The New Wave was particularly interested in portraying everyday life, and the film corpus studied in this thesis focuses specifically on the representation of the characters' social lives. In addition, the films share the commonality of being made with an aesthetic of authenticity inspired more or less by the 1960s observational documentary genre of cinéma vérité. In the film corpus, ordinary social situations occupy a more prominent place on screen than usual, and instigate a social kind of engagement with the films. Where narrative context conventionally provides the framework for a character's actions, in these unconventional films, it is the characters' social environments that more precisely contextualize their way of being. The aim of the thesis is to engage with these social contexts to understand the characters' social behaviours, and to examine how the 'vérité aesthetic' evokes a social kind of reading of the films. To this end, I develop in the first chapter a Goffmanian approach to the films, inspired by sociologist Erving Goffman's writings on social reality as a performative realm. I use his notions of social performance, social framework, and social perception to engage with each film through what I call a 'social gaze' that inspects the social dynamics of the characters' behaviours. Over the course of three case study chapters, I apply this approach to the films to unearth and discuss their social range of meaning. This thesis thus aims to contribute both to film historical scholarship on the 1960s European New Wave, and to a study of the aestheticization of social reality in film in general.

In this thesis, the different aspects of trauma are discussed at length while looking at the French New Wave Film directed by Alain Resnais, Hiroshima, Mon Amour. Through this film, I discuss how language shapes testimonies of traumatic events and if this shaping of language can possibly be seen in the film itself. Furthermore, I discuss if there is merit to looking at a work of art as an accurate depiction of historical trauma.

Notre travail se consacre à l’étude exhaustive de l’œuvre cinématographique et théorique du cinéaste coréen contemporain Jang Sun-woo. Celui-ci fut d’abord un critique et un théoricien du cinéma, son concept de « Cinéma ouvert » (1982) vise à introduire et à penser un « nouveau cinéma ». Jang Sun-woo souligne le besoin d’une critique, d’une invention formelle et aussi d’une théorie pour le cinéma coréen saisie dans la logique de son Histoire. En particulier, le cinéaste coréen s’y positionne pour réaliser un cinéma en vue de l’harmonie entre l’individu et la communauté.Le « Cinéma ouvert » est un concept qui fusionne le cinéma et le théâtre. Il est influencé, d’une part par le Madanggeuk, le théâtre moderne coréen composé de plusieurs unités plus ou moins indépendantes de la narration, et d’autre part, par la théorie du montage d’Eisenstein travaillant sur la dialectique entre la continuité et la discontinuité. Pour Jang Sun-woo, l’œuvre reste ouverte, c’est-à-dire non close sur elle-même, au sens où elle ne s’achève qu’au moment de la réception par le spectateur. Les films intègrent explicitement l’expérience du spectateur, proposent le dialogue avec celui-ci et créent des initiatives en matière d’interpellation. Pour ce faire, ils emploient la répétition, la métamorphose, l’analogie, l’allégorie, l’abstraction et certaines formes d’hybridation. Notre monographie observe l’évolution de l’œuvre de Jang Sun-woo dans son ensemble (critiques, films, publications), en approfondissant les questions essentielles et spécifiques que celle-ci soulève : comment les notions de Minjung (peuple), de masse, de spectateur évoluent-elles ? L’esthétique de l’ouverture peut-elle permettre d’émanciper le spectateur et à quel type de changement aspire-t-elle ? Enfin, quel rituel Jang Sun-woo organise-t-il en vue de réaliser l’Utopie ? / This thesis devotes itself to the analysis of the film and the theoretical work of Korean contemporary director Jang Sun-woo. He was initially a critic and a film theorist, his concept of "Open Cinema" (1982) aims to introduce about "the new cinema" which accentuates the need of the critics, the formal invention and also a theory for the Korean cinema with the consideration about its historical context. In particular, Jang Sun-woo insists on making a movie with the harmony between the individual and the community.The "Open Cinema" is a concept that combines the aesthetic of the film and the theater. Firstly, it is influenced by the Madanggeuk, the modern Korean theater is composed with several acts more or less independent of the narrative. Secondly, it is inspired by Eisenstein’s theory of editing which is based on the dialectic form between the continuity and the discontinuity. For Jang Sun-woo, the film remains open in a sense that it finds its conclusion in the interpretation of the audience. In his idea, the film incorporates the experience of the audience and creates his interpellation. To realize that, Jang Sun-woo proposes several rhetorics of image like repetition, metamorphosis, analogy, allegory, abstraction, and certain forms of hybridization.Our monograph observes the evolution of Jang Sun-woo’s whole work (critics, films, publications) which raises the essential and specific questions: how the concepts of the Minjung (people), the mass and the audience were developed? Can the aesthetics of openness allow the audience to be emancipated and what kind of change it implies? Finally, what sort of ceremonial Jang Sun-woo organizes for performing Utopia?